Progestogens

Progestogens is an umbrella term that encompasses both progesterone and progestins. It includes any substance (both natural and synthetic) that has progesterone-like activity. The term progestogen is often used in medical literature when referring to the entire class of progesterone-receptor activating compounds

Progesterone

Progesterone is the natural hormone produced primarily by the ovaries (corpus luteum), placonta, and adrenal glands. Manufactured forms have a bioidentical structure to what your body naturally produces.

• Chemical formula: C₂₁H₃₀O₂
• Examples: Micronized progesterone (Prometrium), progesterone gel (Crinone), progesterone generic
• Uses: Hormone replacement therapy, fertility treatments, menstrual disorders

Progestins

Progestins are synthetic compounds that mimic progesterone's effects. They have a different chemical structure from natural progesterone but still bind to progesterone receptors. Progestins are man-made in a laboratory and their modified structure means they have different properties to natural progesterone, such as a longer half-life, oral bioavailability, or side effect profile.

• Examples include: norgestrel (Opill), medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera), norethindrone (Aygestin), levonorgestrel (Plan B, Mirena IUD), etonogestrel (Implanon, Nexplanon), megestrol (Megace ES), and drospirenone (in Yaz birth control).
• Uses: Birth control pills, hormone therapy, menstrual regulation.

Key Practical Differences: Progesterone vs Progestins

Metabolism:

• Progesterone is metabolized similarly to your body's natural processes
• Progestins may have different metabolic pathways and side effect profiles

Side Effects:

• Natural progesterone often has fewer adverse effects
• Some progestins may increase risks of blood clots, mood changes, or other complications

Potency and Duration:

• Progestins are often more potent and longer-lasting than natural progesterone
• This allows for once-daily dosing in many cases

Clinical Applications:

• Progesterone is preferred for hormone replacement in menopause by some providers
• Progestins are commonly used in contraceptives due to their stability and effectiveness