Abatacept Side Effects

Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on Sep 19, 2024.

Applies to abatacept: powder for solution, solution.

Precautions

It is very important that your doctor check the progress of you or your child at regular visits to make sure that this medicine is working properly. Blood tests may be needed to check for unwanted effects.

Your body's ability to fight infection may be reduced while you are being treated with abatacept (eg, pneumonia, sepsis). Check with your doctor right away if you or your child has fever, chills, cough or hoarseness, flu-like symptoms, lower back or side pain, painful or difficult urination, or unusual tiredness or weakness.

This medicine may cause serious allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis and angioedema. These can be life-threatening and require immediate medical attention. Check with your doctor right away if you or your child has a rash, itching, large, hive-like swelling on the face, eyelids, lips, tongue, throat, hands, legs, feet, or sex organs, trouble with breathing, lightheadedness or fainting, or chest pain after you receive the medicine.

You or your child will need to have a skin test for tuberculosis before you start using this medicine. Tell your doctor if you or anyone in your home has ever had a positive reaction to a tuberculosis skin test.

This medicine may increase your risk for cancer, including skin cancer. Check with your doctor right away if your skin have persistent non-healing sore, reddish patch or irritated area, shiny bump, pink growth, or white, yellow or waxy scar-like area.

While you are being treated with abatacept injection or within 3 months after using it, do not have any immunizations (vaccines) without your doctor's approval. Your child's vaccines need to be current before he or she begins receiving abatacept injection. Be sure to ask your child's doctor if you have any questions about this.

This medicine contains maltose (a type of sugar) which may affect blood sugar levels. If you or your child have diabetes and you notice a change in the results of your blood sugar tests or if you have any questions, check with your doctor. Your doctor may need you to use a different test for your blood sugar levels.

Do not take other medicines for arthritis unless you talked to your doctor. This includes adalimumab (Humira®), anakinra (Kineret®), certolizumab (Cimzia®), etanercept (Enbrel®), golimumab (Simponi®), infliximab (Remicade®), rituximab (Rituxan®), or tocilizumab (Actemra®). Using any of these together with this medicine may increase your chance of having serious side effects.

Serious side effects of abatacept

Along with its needed effects, abatacept may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Check with your doctor or nurse immediately if any of the following side effects occur while taking abatacept:

Other side effects of abatacept

Some side effects of abatacept may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects.

Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:

For healthcare professionals

Applies to abatacept: intravenous powder for injection, subcutaneous solution.

Cardiovascular adverse events

• Very common (10% or more): Hypertension (up to 49%)
• Common (1% to 10%): Increased blood pressure
• Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Palpitations, tachycardia, bradycardia, hypotension, hot flush, flushing, vasculitis, decreased blood pressure
• Frequency not reported: Hyperemia
• Postmarketing reports: Vasculitis (including cutaneous vasculitis, leukocytoclastic vasculitis)

Dermatologic

• Common (1% to 10%): Rash (including dermatitis)
• Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Onychomycosis, skin abscess, increased tendency to bruise, dry skin, alopecia, pruritus, urticaria, psoriasis, acne, erythema, hyperhidrosis, cellulitis, infected skin ulcer
• Frequency not reported: Herpes simplex, acariasis, furuncle, tinea pedis, acarodermatitis, fungal rash, tinea versicolor, contusion, eczema, nail dystrophy, skin lesion, pityriasis
• Postmarketing reports: New/worsening psoriasis, angioedema reactions, life-threatening cases of angioedema

Angioedema has occurred as early as after the first dose but also with subsequent doses. Angioedema reactions have occurred within hours of administration and in some cases had delayed onset (i.e., days).

Gastrointestinal

• Very common (10% or more): Nausea
• Common (1% to 10%): Dyspepsia, abdominal pain, diarrhea, mouth ulceration, aphthous stomatitis, vomiting, oral herpes
• Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Tooth infection, gastritis, diverticulitis
• Rare (0.01% to 0.1%): Gastrointestinal infection
• Frequency not reported: Upper abdominal pain, dry mouth, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, gastrointestinal pain, gingival ulceration, lip dry, gastroenteritis, tooth abscess

Genitourinary

• Common (1% to 10%): Urinary tract infection
• Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Pyelonephritis, amenorrhea, menorrhagia, acute pyelonephritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, urosepsis
• Frequency not reported: Ovarian cyst, genital herpes, cystitis, vaginal infection, bacteriuria, leukocyturia

Hematologic

• Very common (10% or more): Anemia (up to 69%), CD4 lymphocytes decreased (up to 14%)
• Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Thrombocytopenia, leukopenia

Hepatic

• Common (1% to 10%): Abnormal liver function test (including increased transaminases), increased ALT, increased AST
• Frequency not reported: Abnormal hepatic function, increased transaminases, increased GGT

Hypersensitivity

• Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Hypersensitivity reaction
• Frequency not reported: Drug hypersensitivity (including hypotension, urticaria, dyspnea), anaphylaxis, anaphylaxis reactions
• Postmarketing reports: Fatal anaphylaxis after first infusion

Immunologic

• Common (1% to 10%): Autoimmune disorders (e.g., psoriasis, Raynaud's phenomenon, erythema nodosum), development of binding antibodies, immunogenicity
• Frequency not reported: Neutralizing antibodies positive

Local

• Common (1% to 10%): Local injection site reactions (subcutaneous formulation), injection site reactions (including hematoma, pruritus, erythema)
• Frequency not reported: Infusion site extravasation, infusion site pain, infusion site swelling, infusion site erythema

In adult rheumatoid arthritis patients, injection site reactions (including hematoma, pruritus, erythema) were mild (83%) to moderate (17%) in severity.

Metabolic

• Very common (10% or more): Hypermagnesemia (up to 18%)
• Frequency not reported: Diabetes mellitus

Musculoskeletal

• Common (1% to 10%): Back pain, pain in extremity
• Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Musculoskeletal infections, arthralgia
• Frequency not reported: Myalgia, joint wear, soft tissue infection, joint swelling, ligament disorder, musculoskeletal stiffness, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid nodule, Sjogren's syndrome

Nervous system

• Very common (10% or more): Headache (up to 18%)
• Common (1% to 10%): Dizziness, herpes zoster
• Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Migraine, paresthesia, vertigo
• Frequency not reported: Multiple sclerosis, dysgeusia

Ocular

• Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Conjunctivitis, dry eye, reduced visual acuity
• Frequency not reported: Eye irritation, presbyopia

Oncologic

• Common (1% to 10%): Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD), malignancies
• Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Basal cell carcinoma, skin papilloma, lung cancer
• Rare (0.01% to 0.1%): Lymphoma, malignant lung neoplasm, squamous cell carcinoma
• Frequency not reported: Skin cancer, breast cancer, bile duct cancer, bladder cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, melanoma, myelodysplastic syndrome, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, renal cancer, thyroid cancer, uterine cancer, acute lymphocytic leukemia, lung neoplasm
• Postmarketing reports: Nonmelanoma skin cancers (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma)

PTLD occurred in patients using this drug for acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) prophylaxis during unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Of 116 patients who received this drug, 4 patients (3.4%) had PTLD; all of these events were associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. At baseline, 3 of the 4 patients were EBV serology positive; 1 patient had negative baseline EBV serology with donor EBV serology unknown. Acyclovir prophylaxis was stopped in 3 of the 4 patients at 30 days posttransplant; time to onset of events ranged from 49 to 89 days posttransplant.

Other

• Very common (10% or more): Infections (up to 63%), CMV reactivation/CMV infection (up to 32%), pyrexia (up to 28%)
• Common (1% to 10%): Serious infections (including sepsis, pneumonia), CMV invasive disease, herpes infections (including herpes simplex, oral herpes, herpes zoster), fatigue, asthenia, systemic injection reactions (e.g., pruritus, throat tightness, dyspnea), acute infusion-related events, increased weight
• Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Localized infection, sepsis, ear infection, influenza-like illness
• Rare (0.01% to 0.1%): Tuberculosis, bacteremia
• Frequency not reported: Chest discomfort, chills, infusion-related reaction, varicella infection, disease flare, EBV reactivation, malaise, chest pain, axillary pain, feeling hot, sudden death, bacterial infection, increased blood alkaline phosphatase, breast mass, breast pain, otitis externa
• Postmarketing reports: Systemic infusion reactions after IV formulation, systemic injection reactions (e.g., pruritus, throat tightness, dyspnea) after subcutaneous formulation

In clinical trials, infections at least possibly related to therapy were reported in 22.7% of patients treated with this drug compared to 20.5% of patients treated with placebo. Serious infections at least possibly related to therapy were reported in 1.5% of patients treated with this drug and 1.1% of placebo-treated patients; the type of serious infections was similar between both treatment groups.

In clinical trials in rheumatoid arthritis patients, infections were reported in 54% of patients treated with this drug IV compared to 48% treated with placebo. The infections reported most often (up to 13%) were upper respiratory tract infection, nasopharyngitis, sinusitis, urinary tract infection, influenza, and bronchitis; other infections reported in less than 5% of patients were rhinitis, herpes simplex, and pneumonia.

In clinical trials in patients with adult rheumatoid arthritis, patients coadministered this drug IV and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonist therapy had more infections and serious infections (63% and 4.4%, respectively) compared to patients treated with only TNF antagonists (43% and 0.8%, respectively).

Serious infections (including sepsis, pneumonia) have been reported in patients receiving this drug; serious infections were reported in 3% of rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with the IV formulation. Some of these infections were fatal. Many of the serious infections occurred in patients on concomitant immunosuppressive therapy which, along with underlying disease, may have further predisposed them to infection. A higher rate of serious infections has been observed in adult rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with concomitant TNF antagonists and this drug compared to those treated with this drug alone.

CMV invasive disease occurred in patients using this drug for aGVHD prophylaxis during unrelated HSCT. Of 116 patients who received this drug, 7% had CMV invasive diseases up to day 225 posttransplant; all patients with CMV invasive disease were CMV serology positive at baseline. The median time to event onset was 91 days posttransplant; CMV invasive diseases primarily involved the gastrointestinal tract.

Acute infusion-related events (side effects occurring within 1 hour of the start of the infusion) were more common in patients treated with this drug than those treated with placebo; the most frequently reported events (up to 2%) were dizziness, headache, and hypertension.

Acute infusion-related events that were uncommon included cardiopulmonary symptoms (e.g., hypotension, decreased blood pressure, tachycardia, bronchospasm, dyspnea); other symptoms included myalgia, nausea, erythema, flushing, urticaria, cough, hypersensitivity, pruritus, throat tightness, chest discomfort, chills, infusion site extravasation, infusion site pain, infusion site swelling, infusion-related reaction, rash, and wheezing. Most of these reactions were mild (68%) to moderate (28%) in severity.

Psychiatric

• Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Depression, anxiety, sleep disorder (including insomnia)
• Frequency not reported: Insomnia, nervousness

Renal

• Very common (10% or more): Acute kidney injury (up to 15%)

Respiratory

• Very common (10% or more): Respiratory disorders (including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD] exacerbation, cough, rhonchi, dyspnea; up to 43%), pneumonia (up to 19%), epistaxis (up to 16%), nasopharyngitis (up to 12%), upper respiratory tract infection (including tracheitis, nasopharyngitis, sinusitis)
• Common (1% to 10%): Lower respiratory tract infection (including bronchitis), cough, sinusitis, bronchitis, influenza, pharyngitis
• Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Rhinitis, COPD exacerbated, bronchospasm, wheezing, dyspnea, throat tightness
• Frequency not reported: Rhonchi, respiratory tract infection, tonsillitis, viral upper respiratory tract infection, bronchopneumonia, laryngitis, pseudomonal lung infection, nasal congestion, pharyngolaryngeal pain, rhinorrhea, sinus congestion, exertional dyspnea, nasal discomfort, nasal dryness

See also:

Frequently asked questions

• What are the new drugs for rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Further information

Abatacept side effects can vary depending on the individual. Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.

Note: Medication side effects may be underreported. If you are experiencing side effects that are not listed, submit a report to the FDA by following this guide.

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