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Lemtrada Side Effects

Generic name: alemtuzumab

Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on Dec 14, 2024.

Note: This document provides detailed information about Lemtrada Side Effects associated with alemtuzumab. Some dosage forms listed on this page may not apply specifically to the brand name Lemtrada.

Applies to alemtuzumab: intravenous solution.

Important warnings This medicine can cause some serious health issues

Intravenous route (solution)

Cytopenias, Infusion-related Reactions, and Infections. Serious, including fatal, cytopenias, infusion-related reactions, and infections can occur.Limit doses to 30 mg (single) and 90 mg (cumulative weekly); higher doses increase risk of pancytopenia.Escalate dose gradually and monitor patients during infusion.

Withhold therapy for Grade 3 or 4 infusion-related reactions.Administer prophylaxis against Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) and herpes virus infections.

Intravenous route (solution)

Autoimmunity, Infusion Reactions, Stroke, and Malignancies. Alemtuzumab causes serious, sometimes fatal, autoimmune conditions such as immune thrombocytopenia and anti-glomerular basement membrane disease.

Monitor complete blood counts with differential, serum creatinine levels, and urinalysis with urine cell counts before starting treatment and then at monthly intervals until 48 months after the last does of alemtuzumab.Alemtuzumab causes serious and life-threatening infusion reactions.

Alemtuzumab must be administered in a setting with appropriate equipment and personnel to manage anaphylaxis or serious infusion reactions.

Monitor patients for two hours after each infusion.

Make patients aware that serious infusion reactions can also occur after the 2-hour monitoring period.Serious and life-threatening stroke (including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke) has been reported within 3 days of alemtuzumab administration.

Instruct patients to seek immediate medical attention if symptoms of stroke occur.Alemtuzumab may cause an increased risk of malignancies, including thyroid cancer, melanoma, and lymphoproliferative disorders.

Perform baseline and yearly skin exams.Because of the risk of autoimmunity, infusion reactions, and malignancies, alemtuzumab is available only through restricted distribution under a Risk Evaluation Mitigation Strategy (REMS) Program.

Call 1-855-676-6326 to enroll in the alemtuzumab REMS program.

Precautions

It is very important that your doctor check your progress closely and at regular visits to make sure this medicine is working properly. Blood and urine tests may be needed to check for any unwanted effects during treatment and for 48 months after your last dose. If you have signs or symptoms of an autoimmune disease, your doctor may continue to check your progress after 48 months. It is also important that your doctor check your skin for melanoma (tumor) yearly. Be sure to keep all appointments.

Do not use this medicine if you are also receiving or have received Campath®.

Receiving this medicine while you are pregnant can harm your unborn baby. Use an effective form of birth control to prevent from getting pregnant while you are receiving this medicine and for at least 4 months after the last dose. If you think you have become pregnant while receiving this medicine, tell your doctor right away.

This medicine may cause serious infusion reactions, which can be life-threatening and require immediate medical attention. Tell your doctor right away if you start to have a cough, difficulty with swallowing, dizziness, fast heartbeat, trouble breathing, chest tightness, swelling in your face or hands, fever, chills, itching or hives, or lightheadedness or faintness while you are receiving this medicine.

This medicine may increase your risk of having a stroke (eg, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke) and tears in your arteries that supply blood to your brain (carotid and vertebral arteries). Check with your doctor right away if you have parts of your face that are drooping, weakness on one side of your body, sudden, severe headache, difficulty with speech, or neck pain.

This medicine may increase your risk of cancer, including thyroid, skin, or lymph node cancer. Call your doctor right away if you have a new lump or swelling in the neck, cough, hoarseness or voice changes, neck pain, or trouble with breathing or swallowing.

This medicine may cause autoimmune disorders, including immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), hepatitis (swelling of the liver), or encephalitis (swelling of the brain). Tell your doctor right away if you have confusion, irritability, headache, seizures, stiff neck, unusual nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, tiredness, loss of appetite, or yellow eyes or skin, dark urine, a bloody nose, coughing or spitting up blood, small red or purple spots on skin, or heavier than normal or irregular monthly periods.

This medicine may cause a serious kidney problem called anti-glomerular basement membrane disease. Call your doctor right away if you have blood in the urine, coughing up blood, or swelling in your legs or feet.

Alemtuzumab may cause hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, a severe inflammatory condition which can be life-threatening, which is caused by an overactive immune system. The symptoms of this disease may occur within 13 to 33 months after starting treatment with this medicine. Check with your doctor right away if you have a fever, right upper abdominal or stomach pain and fullness, rash, swollen, painful, or tender lymph glands in the neck, armpit, or groin, mental status changes, shakiness and unsteady walk, unsteadiness, trembling, or other problems with muscle control or coordination, or seizures.

This medicine may cause Adult onset Still's disease (AOSD), a rare inflammatory condition which can be life-threatening. Call your doctor right away if you have a high fever lasting more than 1 week, pain, stiffness with or without swelling in multiple joints, or skin rash.

This medicine may cause thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, which can be life-threatening. Check with your doctor right away if you have black, tarry stools, blood in the urine, bloody nose, fever, heavier menstrual periods, pinpoint red spots on the skin, skin rash, unusual bleeding or bruising or unusual tiredness or weakness.

This medicine may increase your risk for serious bleeding problems, including acquired hemophilia A. Check with your doctor right away if you have nosebleeds, blood in the urine or stools, or any unusual bleeding or bruising.

While you are being treated with alemtuzumab (the active ingredient contained in Lemtrada) and after you stop treatment with it, do not have any immunizations (vaccinations) without your doctor's approval. You should receive live vaccines for at least 6 weeks before starting treatment with this medicine. You should not also receive alemtuzumab until 6 weeks after a varicella zoster virus (chicken pox) vaccination. Alemtuzumab may lower your body's resistance and there is a chance you might get the infection the immunization is meant to prevent. In addition, other persons living in your household should not take oral polio vaccine since there is a chance they could pass the polio virus on to you. Also, avoid persons who have taken oral polio vaccine within the last several months. Do not get close to them, and do not stay in the same room with them for very long. If you cannot take these precautions, you should consider wearing a protective face mask that covers the nose and mouth.

Alemtuzumab can temporarily lower the number of white blood cells in your blood, which will increase the risk of getting an infection. It can also lower the number of platelets, which are necessary for proper blood clotting. If this occurs, these are precautions you can take, especially when your blood count is low, to reduce the risk of infection or bleeding:

This medicine may increase your risk of developing infections. Avoid being near people who are sick or have infections while you are receiving this medicine. Wash your hands often. Tell your doctor if you have any kind of infection before you start receiving this medicine. Also tell your doctor if you have ever had an infection that would not go away or an infection that kept coming back. Tell your doctor right away if you have been exposed to someone with chickenpox.

If you are a female, you should have a human papilloma virus (HPV) screening every year to avoid getting a cervical HPV infection.

You will need to have a skin test for tuberculosis (TB) before you start this medicine. Tell your doctor if you or anyone in your home has ever had a positive TB skin test or been exposed to TB.

Do not eat foods that may contain a bacteria called Listeria, such as deli meat, unpasteurized milk and cheese products, or not properly cooked meat, seafood, or chicken. Make sure that the food you eat which may contain listeria is heated well when you receive this medicine.

Tell your doctor right away if you have unexplained weight gain or loss, constipation, fast, pounding, or uneven heartbeat, feeling cold, swelling of the eye. These may be symptoms of a thyroid problem.

This medicine may increase your risk of developing a serious and rare brain infection called progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Check with your doctor if you have weakness on one side of the body, clumsiness, blurred vision, changes in thinking, memory problems, confusion, or personality changes.

This medicine can increase your risk of having gallbladder (eg, acalculous cholecystitis) and lung problems (eg, pneumonitis). Check with your doctor right away if you have stomach pain or tenderness, fever, nausea, vomiting, trouble breathing, cough, chest pain or tightness, or coughing up blood.

Do not take other medicines unless they have been discussed with your doctor. This includes prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicines and herbal or vitamin supplements.

Serious side effects of Lemtrada

Along with its needed effects, alemtuzumab may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Check with your doctor or nurse immediately if any of the following side effects occur while taking alemtuzumab:

More common side effects

  • black, tarry stools
  • blood in the urine
  • chest tightness
  • chills
  • cough
  • diarrhea
  • dizziness, fainting, or lightheadedness when getting up suddenly from a lying or sitting position
  • fast heartbeat
  • fever
  • headache
  • itching, hives, skin rash
  • nausea
  • painful or difficult urination
  • pale skin
  • sore throat
  • sores, ulcers, or white spots on the lips or in the mouth
  • sweating
  • swollen glands
  • trouble breathing
  • unusual bleeding or bruising
  • unusual tiredness or weakness
  • vomiting

Less common side effects

  • bloating or swelling of the face, hands, lower legs, or feet
  • chest pain
  • hoarseness
  • lower back or side pain
  • muscle weakness
  • painful cold sores or blisters on the lips, nose, eyes, or genitals
  • pounding or irregular heartbeat or pulse
  • rapid weight gain
  • red or purple spots on the skin, varying in size and remaining after pushing the skin surface
  • tremor
  • unexplained nosebleeds

Rare side effects

  • bloody nose
  • flushing of the face or neck
  • swelling of the eyelids, face, or lips
  • white patches on the tongue, in the mouth, or in the folds of the skin, including the genitals

Incidence not known

  • anxiety
  • back pain
  • blindness
  • blurred or double vision
  • chest pain or discomfort
  • confusion
  • dark urine
  • decreased urine output
  • decreased vision
  • difficulty in speaking
  • dilated neck veins
  • discouragement
  • double vision
  • drowsiness
  • extreme tiredness or weakness
  • eye pain
  • feeling of discomfort
  • feeling sad or empty
  • general feeling of tiredness and weakness
  • inability to move the arms, legs, or facial muscles
  • inability to speak
  • irregular breathing
  • irritability
  • joint pain, stiffness, or swelling
  • lack of appetite
  • light-colored stools
  • loss of interest or pleasure
  • muscle aches or pain
  • nightmares or unusually vivid dreams
  • numbness, pain, tingling, or weakness
  • pain or discomfort in the arms, jaw, back, or neck
  • painful or tender lymph glands in the neck, armpit, or groin
  • seizures
  • shakiness and unsteady walk
  • slow speech
  • spitting or coughing up blood
  • stiff neck
  • sudden numbness and weakness in the arms and legs
  • swelling of the face, fingers, feet, or lower legs
  • trouble concentrating
  • trouble sleeping
  • unsteadiness, trembling, or other problems with muscle control or coordination
  • upper right abdominal or stomach pain and fullness
  • yellow eyes and skin

Other side effects of Lemtrada

Some side effects of alemtuzumab may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects.

Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:

More common side effects

  • fear or nervousness

Less common side effects

  • belching
  • bone pain
  • burning, crawling, itching, numbness, prickling, “pins and needles”, or tingling feelings
  • heartburn
  • indigestion
  • lack or loss of strength
  • stomach discomfort, upset, or pain
  • swelling or inflammation of the mouth
  • weight loss

Rare side effects

  • constipation
  • sensation of temperature change
  • sleepiness
  • stuffy nose

For healthcare professionals

Applies to alemtuzumab: intravenous solution.

Hematologic adverse events

Immunologic

viremia

Respiratory

Gastrointestinal

Nervous system

Cardiovascular

Musculoskeletal

Dermatologic

Endocrine

Hepatic

Metabolic

Oncologic

Genitourinary

Other

Renal

Ocular

Hypersensitivity

Local

See also:

References

1. (2001) "Product Information. Campath (alemtuzumab)." Berlex Laboratories

2. Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics."

3. Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information."

4. Poynton CH, Mort D, Maughan TS (1993) "Adverse reactions to Campath-1H monoclonal antibody [letter; comment]." Lancet, 341, p. 1037

5. Rai KR, Freter CE, Mercier RJ, et al. (2002) "Alemtuzumab in previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients who also had received fludarabine." J Clin Oncol, 20, p. 3891-7

6. Ghobrial IM, Otteman LA, White WL (2003) "An EBV-positive lymphoproliferative disorder after therapy with alemtuzumab." N Engl J Med, 349, 2570-2; discussion 2570-2

Frequently asked questions

Further information

Lemtrada side effects can vary depending on the individual. Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.

Note: Medication side effects may be underreported. If you are experiencing side effects that are not listed, submit a report to the FDA by following this guide.