What drugs cause tardive dyskinesia?
Certain types of medicines that block dopamine receptors in the brain can cause tardive dyskinesia when used for several weeks or more. These medicines include antipsychotics, antidepressants and antiemetics. Tardive dyskinesia is a condition of involuntary movement of the face, torso and other body parts.
Examples of drugs that report tardive dyskinesia as a side effect are listed below by class of medication.
Antipsychotic drugs
Typical antipsychotic drugs (also known as first-generation antipsychotic drugs) are prescribed to treat schizophrenia. Some of these drugs also treat nausea and vomiting, as well as other conditions. They include:
- Thorazine (chlorpromazine) – also used to treat intractable hiccups, tetanus and acute intermittent porphyria
- Fluphenazine
- Haldol (haloperidol)
- Adasuve (loxapine)
- Perphenazine
- Orap (pimozide) – used to treat tics in Tourette’s syndrome
- Compro (prochlorperazine) – also used to treat anxiety
- Thiothixene
- Trifluoperazine – also used to treat anxiety
Atypical antipsychotic drugs
Atypical antipsychotic drugs (second-generation) are also used to treat schizophrenia and other conditions such as bipolar disorder. They are less likely to cause tardive dyskinesia than the first-generation antipsychotics, but the risk is still there. They include:
- Risperdal, Risperdal Consta (risperidone) – also used to treat autism
- Zyprexa, Zyprexa Relprevv and Zyprexa Zydis (olanzapine)
- Seroquel and Seroquel XR (quetiapine)
- Geodon (ziprasidone)
- Abilify and Aristada (aripiprazole) – also used to treat depression, autism and Tourette’s syndrome
- Invega (paliperidone)
- Latuda (lurasidone) – also used to treat depressive episodes
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Antidepressants
Antidepressants are prescribed to treat depression and other conditions. They include:
Antiemetics
Antiemetics are used to treat nausea and vomiting and other conditions associated with the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. These include:
Tardive dyskinesia treatments
Sometimes, health care providers may recommend stopping or decreasing the dosage of the medicines causing tardive dyskinesia. If this doesn’t work to eliminate symptoms, there are two brand-name medicines available that are Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved to treat tardive dyskinesia. They belong to a class of drugs known as vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) inhibitors:
What is tardive dyskinesia?
Some medications may change dopamine signaling in the brain, resulting in involuntary body movements. The movements of tardive dyskinesia can affect daily life and can sometimes be permanent as a result of medication. Symptoms may include:
- Facial movements, such as frowning, jaw swinging, chewing and blinking
- Finger twitching
- Feeling restless
- Pelvic thrusting
References
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). Tardive Dyskinesia Information Page. January 27, 2021. Available at: https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Tardive-Dyskinesia-Information-Page. [Accessed December 19, 2021].
- U.S. National Library of Medicine DailyMed. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride-chlorpromazine tablet, sugar coated. November 2020. Available at: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/getFile.cfm?setid=432cd4ca-c728-48ff-beec-2485f5e02512&type=pdf. [Accessed December 20, 2021].
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Fluphenazine decanoate injection, USP. September 2010. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/071413s019lbl.pdf. [Accessed December 19, 2021].
- U.S. National Library of Medicine DailyMed. Haldol Decanoate 50 (haloperidol) Haldol Decanoate 100 (haloperidol) for IM Injection only. November 2020. Available at: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/getFile.cfm?setid=af0159a8-dff5-449a-aa2b-a0c430081e21&type=pdf. [Accessed December 20, 2021].
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Loxitane (Loxapine Succinate USP Capsules) Loxitane C (Loxapine Hydrochloride) Oral Concentrate Loxitane IM (Loxapine Hydrochloride) for Intramuscular Use Only. February 2017. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/017525s051,017658s038,018039s024lbl.pdf. [Accessed December 19, 2021].
- U.S. National Library of Medicine DailyMed. Perphenazine tablet. April 2020. Available at: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/getFile.cfm?setid=af0159a8-dff5-449a-aa2b-a0c430081e21&type=pdf. [Accessed December 19, 2021].
- U.S. National Library of Medicine DailyMed. Pimozide tablets USP. November 2017. Available at: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/getFile.cfm?setid=70b079e2-a1f7-4a93-8685-d60a4d7c1280&type=pdf. [Accessed December 19, 2021].
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Compazine brand of prochlorperazine. July 2004. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2005/010571s096lbl.pdf. [Accessed December 19, 2021].
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Thiothixene capsules thiothixene hydrochloride concentrate. December 2010. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/016584s060lbl.pdf. [Accessed December 20, 2021].
- U.S. National Library of Medicine DailyMed. Trifluoperazine hydrochloride-trifluoperazine hydrochloride tablet, film coated. August 2019. Available at: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/getFile.cfm?setid=c2575a86-19e5-44df-8603-ff066bb9c9c5&type=pdf. [Accessed December 20, 2021].
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Risperdal (risperidone) tablets, for oral use Risperdal (risperidone) oral solution Risperdal M-TAB (risperidone) orally disintegrating tablets. February 12, 2021. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020272Orig1s083,020588Orig1s071,021444Orig1s057,021346Orig1s061lbl.pdf. [Accessed December 20, 2021].
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Zyprexa (olanzapine) Tablet for oral use Zyprexa Zydis (olanzapine) Tablet, Orally Disintegrating for Oral use Zyprexa IntraMuscular (olanzapine) Injection, powder, For Solution for Intramuscular use. 2019. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/020592s074,021086s048,021253s061lbl.pdf. [Accessed December 20, 2021].
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Seroquel (quetiapine) tablets, for oral use. September 2020. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/020639s070lbl.pdf. [Accessed December 20, 2021].
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Geodon (ziprasidone) capsules, for oral use Geodon (ziprasidone mesylate) for injection, for intramuscular use. May 2021. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020825s062,020919s050lbl.pdf. [Accessed December 20, 2021].
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Abilify (aripiprazole) Tablets Abilify Discmelt (aripiprazole) Orally Disintegrating Tablets Abilify (aripiprazole) Oral Solution Abilify (aripiprazole) Injection for intramuscular use only. August 2019. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/021436s044s045,021713s035s036,021729s027s028,021866s029s030lbl.pdf. [Accessed December 20, 2021].
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Invega (paliperidone) Extended-Release Tablets. February 2021. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/021999Orig1s037,022264Orig1s030,207946Orig1s009rpllbl.pdf. [Accessed December 20, 2021].
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Latuda (lurasidone hydrochloride) tablets, for oral use. December 2019. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/200603s035lbl.pdf. [Accessed December 20, 2021].
- U.S. National Library of Medicine DailyMed. Amitriptyline Hydrochloride- amitriptyline hydrochloride tablet, coated. October 2021. Available at: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/getFile.cfm?setid=a4d012a4-cd95-46c6-a6b7-b15d6fd5269d&type=pdf. [Accessed December 20, 2021].
- U.S. National Library of Medicine DailyMed. Trazodone Hydrochloride- trazodone hydrochloride tablet. February 2019. Available at: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/getFile.cfm?setid=ed3039d8-3d27-4b71-a4b0-812943c9457f&type=pdf. [Accessed December 20, 2021].
- U.S. National Library of Medicine DailyMed. Metoclopramide - Metoclopramide tablet. December 2021. Available at: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/getFile.cfm?setid=797aad80-0597-42f8-99d5-39de180c3b5a&type=pdf. [Accessed December 20, 2021].
- U.S. National Library of Medicine DailyMed. Prochlorperazine Maleate- prochlorperazine maleate tablet, film coated. November 2016. Available at: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/getFile.cfm?setid=6b0e958b-fde0-74ea-b196-1e62f90b5bbe&type=pdf. [Accessed December 20, 2021].
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Ingrezza (valbenazine) capsules, for oral use. April 2017. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/209241lbl.pdf. [Accessed December 20, 2021].
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Austedo (deutetrabenazine) tablets, for oral use. April 2017. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/208082s000lbl.pdf. [Accessed December 20, 2021].
- U.S. National Library of Medicine MedlinePlus. Tardive dyskinesia. June 23, 2020. Available at: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000685.htm. Accessed [December 21, 2021]
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