Drug Interaction Report

ADJUST DOSING INTERVAL: The use of live, attenuated cholera vaccine with systemic antibiotics may result in a diminished immunologic response to the vaccine. Some antibiotics may be active against the vaccine strain of Vibrio cholerae, thereby preventing a sufficient degree of multiplication to occur in order to induce a protective immune response.

MANAGEMENT: It is recommended to avoid treatment with systemic antibiotics for 10 days after vaccination with live, attenuated cholera vaccine. In addition, vaccination with live, attenuated cholera vaccine should be avoided within 14 days of treatment with systemic antibiotics.

ADJUST DOSING INTERVAL: Coadministration of oral cholera vaccine with food or an oral beverage may impair its efficacy. The formulations of both the inactivated and live, attenuated oral cholera vaccines (Dukoral and Vaxchora, respectively) are acid-labile, and must be administered with a buffer. According to the manufacturer, eating and drinking may interfere with the protective effect of the buffer. However, clinical data are not available.

MANAGEMENT: It is recommended that patients avoid eating or drinking for 60 minutes before and after administration of either Dukoral or Vaxchora oral cholera vaccines.

Grapefruit juice may delay the gastrointestinal absorption of clarithromycin but does not appear to affect the overall extent of absorption or inhibit the metabolism of clarithromycin. The mechanism of interaction is unknown but may be related to competition for intestinal CYP450 3A4 and/or absorptive sites. In an open-label, randomized, crossover study consisting of 12 healthy subjects, coadministration with grapefruit juice increased the time to reach peak plasma concentration (Tmax) of both clarithromycin and 14-hydroxyclarithromycin (the active metabolite) by 80% and 104%, respectively, compared to water. Other pharmacokinetic parameters were not significantly altered. This interaction is unlikely to be of clinical significance.