Pleural Empyema

Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on May 4, 2025.

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Pleural empyema is pus-filled fluid in the pleural space due to infection. The pleural space is between your lungs and the inside of your chest cavity. Pleural empyema is usually caused by pneumonia. A plural empyema can become a medical emergency that needs immediate treatment.

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A pulse oximeter

is a device that measures the amount of oxygen in your blood. A cord with a clip or sticky strip is placed on your finger, ear, or toe. The other end of the cord is hooked to a machine.

Medicines:

Antibiotics are usually given to treat a bacterial infection. This medicine is given to treat pneumonia. You may not get antibiotics if your empyema is not caused by pneumonia.

Drugs used to treat this and similar conditions

Tests:

• Blood tests are used to find the bacteria or fungi causing your empyema. Blood tests may also show if the infection has spread to your blood or you have signs of inflammation.
• X-ray or CT scan pictures are used to find signs of pneumonia or a lung abscess. The pictures may also show fluid buildup in your lungs.
• Thoracentesis is a procedure used to remove a fluid sample from the pleural space. The sample is tested for the bacteria or fungi causing your empyema.

Treatment:

• A drain or chest tube may be placed to remove fluid from the pleural space.
• Thoracotomy is a procedure used to drain fluid from around your lungs and clean out pus and any scarring. Ask your healthcare provider for more information on this procedure.
• A ventilator is a machine that gives you oxygen and breathes for you when you cannot breathe well on your own. An endotracheal (ET) tube is put into your mouth or nose and attached to the ventilator. You may need a trach if an ET tube cannot be placed. A trach is a tube put through an incision and into your windpipe.
• Surgery may be used to help your lungs expand more easily and fully.

RISKS:

You may have permanent lung damage, even after treatment. Empyema may become severe if it is not treated quickly. The inflammation may cause scarring in the pleural space. This can create small pockets of infection that are difficult to drain. Fluid buildup can make it difficult for your heart to pump correctly. This can cause an enlarged heart or heart failure.

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