How do antibiotics work to kill bacteria?
Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on April 1, 2025.
Antibiotics work by interfering with the bacterial cell wall to prevent growth and replication of the bacteria. Human cells do not have cell walls, but many types of bacteria do, and so antibiotics can target bacteria without harming human cells.
Antibiotics are either bactericidal (they kill the bacteria) or bacteriostatic (they keep the bacteria from reproducing and growing).
Antibiotics have no action on viruses that are the cause of the common cold, the flu, and many coughs, so they are not effective against these types of illnesses.
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Should you take probiotics with antibiotics?
There is controversy about whether you should routinely take probiotics with antibiotics and the question cannot be answered with a straight yes or no. Evidence for taking probiotics with antibiotics includes a Cochrane review which reported that children who were given a course of probiotics after antibiotics had less diarrhea. Evidence against taking probiotics with antibiotics includes a 2019 Italian study that reported that the gut microbiome of people given probiotics after antibiotics took six months to return to its normal state compared to only three weeks for those not given any probiotics. More studies are needed before a definite statement can be made. Continue reading
How to Treat Vaginal Yeast Infections: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options
Vaginal yeast infections affect millions of women, with three out of four women experiencing at least one yeast infection during their lifetime. These common fungal infections occur when Candida albicans, a naturally occurring yeast in the female reproductive system, overgrows and disrupts the vaginal microbiome balance. Most yeast infections can be effectively treated with over-the-counter antifungal medications or prescription treatments.
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Can you drink alcohol with amoxicillin?
Yes, you can drink alcohol while taking the antibiotic amoxicillin. The alcohol will not stop amoxicillin from working. However, many health professionals will recommend you avoid alcohol to give your body the best chance possible to fight the infection. Moderation is key. Continue reading
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