RespiSure/ER Bac Plus

Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae-Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae Bacterin

For use in swine only

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION: RespiSure/ER Bac Plus is for vaccination of healthy swine, including pregnant sows and gilts, 3 weeks of age or older as an aid in preventing erysipelas caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae for a period of 20 weeks and respiratory disease caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. RespiSure/ER Bac Plus is a liquid preparation of a chemically inactivated whole cell culture of M. hyopneumoniae and a serum-free, clarified E. rhusiopathiae culture, plus Amphigen^®, a unique oil-in-water adjuvant to enhance the immune response.

DISEASE DESCRIPTION: Mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (MPS), or enzootic pneumonia, is a widespread, chronic disease characterized by coughing, growth retardation, and reduced feed efficiency. The etiologic agent is M. hyopneumoniae; however, the naturally occurring disease often results from a combination of bacterial and mycoplasmal infections.

MPS causes considerable economic loss in all areas where swine are raised. Surveys conducted at various locations throughout the world indicate that lesions typical of those seen with MPS occur in 30%-80% of slaughter-weight swine. Because mycoplasmal lesions may resolve before hogs reach slaughter weight, the actual incidence may be higher. The prevalence of M. hyopneumoniae infection in chronic swine pneumonia has been reported to range from 25%¹-93%.² Pigs of all ages are susceptible to MPS, but the disease is most common in growing and finishing swine. Current evidence indicates that M. hyopneumoniae is transmitted by aerosol or direct contact with respiratory tract secretions from infected swine. Transmission from sow to pig during lactation is possible.³ Once established, MPS occurs year after year in infected herds, varying in severity with such environmental factors as season, ventilation, and concentration of swine.

Clinical signs of MPS include a chronic, nonproductive cough continuing for weeks or months, unthrifty appearance, and retarded growth, even though the appetites of infected swine remain normal. Stunting may occur, resulting in considerable variation in size among affected pigs. Death loss associated with secondary bacterial infection and stress may occur.

M. hyopneumoniae causes a loss of ciliary motility in the bronchial passages. Eventually the cilia are destroyed, resulting in reduction in natural defense in the upper respiratory tract and increased susceptibility to secondary infection with bacterial agents such as Pasteurella multocida, Haemophilus parasuis, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, and Bordetella bronchiseptica. Swine lungworm and roundworm larvae infections may also increase the severity of MPS.

Erysipelas is caused by the bacterium E. rhusiopathiae and has been identified as a pathogen in swine since 1878. The disease is worldwide in distribution and is of economic importance throughout Europe, Asia, Australia, and North and South America. Swine 3 months through 3 years of age are most susceptible to erysipelas; outbreaks are usually more severe in herds on soil and during periods of wet weather. Erysipelas can take one of several forms or a combination of the following forms. Acute erysipelas is a general infection by E. rhusiopathiae in the bloodstream. This form often causes sudden death. Abortion may result in sows infected during pregnancy. Skin erysipelas manifests as diamond-shaped patches of swollen, purple skin on a pig’s body, especially the belly and thighs. If the tips of the ears and tail are affected, tissues may die and slough. Arthritic erysipelas is a chronic disease occurring in pigs that have survived acute erysipelas. Affected pigs often have swollen and stiff joints. They do not gain weight efficiently, and their carcasses are often trimmed or condemned by inspectors at packing houses. Cardiac erysipelas usually occurs in older pigs raised on farms where the chronic form exists. Cardiac erysipelas may result in growths on the heart valves altering the normal flow of blood.⁴

SAFETY AND EFFICACY: The safety of RespiSure/ER Bac Plus in pigs was demonstrated in 3 field safety studies conducted in 3 different geographic locations. Nine hundred and six pigs were vaccinated at approximately 3 and 6 weeks of age. No injection site reactions or serious systemic reactions were observed following vaccination.

The safety of RespiSure/ER Bac Plus in pregnant sows and gilts was also demonstrated in 3 field safety studies conducted in 3 different geographic locations. Four hundred thirty-one sows and gilts were vaccinated at 6-7 and 3-4 weeks prior to farrowing. No abortions associated with vaccination were observed, and the percentage of animals farrowing and the number of pigs born alive, dead, and mummified were unaffected by vaccination.

The efficacy of the M. hyopneumoniae fraction of RespiSure/ER Bac Plus as an aid in preventing pneumonia caused by M. hyopneumoniae was demonstrated in a host animal challenge study conducted by Zoetis Inc. Pigs were vaccinated at 7-12 days of age and again 2 weeks later. A challenge of virulent M. hyopneumoniae was administered 4 weeks post-second vaccination. Pigs receiving sterile diluent had a mean lung lesion score of 14.0%, whereas vaccinated pigs had a mean lung lesion score of 1.7%, an 88% (P≤0.05) reduction in lesion scores.

Host animal studies were also conducted to demonstrate the efficacy of RespiSure/ER Bac Plus in preventing disease caused by E. rhusiopathiae. Pigs were vaccinated at approximately 3 and 6 weeks of age and challenged at either 4 or 20 weeks post-second vaccination. Pigs were monitored daily for rectal temperature and for clinical signs of disease. In both studies vaccination provided significant protection from challenge.

Table 1. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Efficacy Studies

Directions For Use

1. General Directions: Vaccination of all pigs on the premises is recommended to enhance herd immunity. Shake well. Aseptically administer 2 mL intramuscularly.

2. Primary Vaccination: Healthy swine 3 weeks of age or older should receive two 2-mL doses administered approximately 3 weeks apart. In young pigs, vaccinate after maternally derived antibodies to E. rhusiopathiae have declined.

3. Revaccination: Semiannual revaccination with a single dose is recommended.

4. Good animal husbandry and herd health management practices should be employed.

Precautions

1. Store at 2°-7°C. Prolonged exposure to higher temperatures may adversely affect potency. Do not freeze.

2. Use entire contents when first opened.

3. Sterilized syringes and needles should be used to administer this vaccine.

4. Do not vaccinate within 21 days before slaughter.

5. As with many vaccines, anaphylaxis may occur after use. Initial antidote of epinephrine is recommended and should be followed with appropriate supportive therapy.

6. This product has been shown to be efficacious in healthy animals. A protective immune response may not be elicited if animals are incubating an infectious disease, are malnourished or parasitized, are stressed due to shipment or environmental conditions, are otherwise immunocompromised, or the vaccine is not administered in accordance with label directions.

References

1. Gois M, Kuksa F, Sisak F: Microbial findings in the lungs of slaughter pigs. Proc 6^th Int Congr Pig Vet Soc, Copenhagen, 6:214, 1980.

2. Yamamoto K, Ogata M: Mycoplasmal and bacterial flora in the lungs of pigs. Proc 7^th Int Congr Pig Vet Soc, Mexico City, 7:94, 1982.

3. Ross, RF: Mycoplasmal Diseases. In: Straw BE, D’Allaire S, Mengling WL, et al. (eds.) Diseases of Swine, 8^th Edition, pp. 495-509. ISU Press, Ames, Iowa USA.

4. Wood RL: Erysipelas. In: Straw BE, D’Allaire S, Mengling WL, et al. (eds.) Diseases of Swine, 8^th Edition. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 419-430, 1999.

Technical inquiries should be directed to Zoetis Inc. Veterinary Services, (888) 963-8471 (USA), (800) 461-0917 (Canada).

For veterinary use only

U.S. Veterinary License No. 190

Zoetis Inc., Kalamazoo, MI 49007

75-0273-00

Presentation: 50 dose (100 mL), 250 dose (500 mL), and 500 dose (1,000 mL).

CPN: 36902633