Negative Pressure Wound Therapy

Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on Jun 2, 2025.

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What is negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT)?

NPWT uses a device called a wound vacuum (wound vac) or vacuum pump to help with wound healing. Suction from the device removes excess drainage from your wound and pulls wound edges closer together. NPWT also helps closed incision sites heal. NPWT promotes healthy tissue growth by increasing blood flow to your wound or incision site. NPWT also reduces bacteria that cause infections. You and your healthcare providers will be taught about your specific NPWT device, alarms, and dressing changes. NPWT is also called vacuum-assisted closure (VAC).

How does NPWT work?

Moist foam packing or gauze is placed in your wound or over your incision site. Suction tubing may already be implanted within the foam. If not, tubing will be placed in the middle of the foam or gauze. Then your wound or incision site and part of the tubing will be covered completely by a clear dressing. The tubing is attached to a collection canister on the device. Your healthcare provider may set the device for continuous or periodic suction. When the suction is turned on, the foam packing and wound will contract (tighten) and bring the wound edges together. The suction will also help keep your incision site closed.

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For which conditions is NPWT commonly used?

• Wounds that have been slow or difficult to heal
• Pressure injuries
• Skin ulcers caused by diabetes or poor blood flow
• Skin grafts or flaps
• Surgical wounds or incision sites
• Chest and abdominal wounds

What else do I need to know about NPWT?

• NPWT is used 24 hours a day. Do not change the settings on the device unless directed. If the NPWT device is turned off for 2 hours or more, the dressing needs to be replaced. Ask your healthcare provider which type of dressing to use.
• The NPWT device may use electrical, mechanical, or battery power. Your provider will tell you which kind of device you have. Make sure you understand how the device works so it does not lose power.
• You can shower with the dressing in place. Do not remove your dressing unless directed. Do not take the device into the bathtub or shower with you. Do not get the device wet. You may need to clamp the tubing and disconnect it from the device before you shower. Ask your provider for more information about taking a shower.

Care Agreement

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