Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on Apr 6, 2025.

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What is heparin-induced thrombocytopenia?

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a condition that causes a decrease of platelets in the blood. Platelets help the blood clot. HIT usually occurs after you are treated with heparin.

What increases my risk for HIT?

• Recent surgery, especially heart or bone surgery
• An IV or central line that is flushed with heparin or coated with heparin
• A type of heparin used from cows or pigs
• Taking heparin for more than 4 days
• Female gender

What are the signs and symptoms of HIT?

• Pain, redness, and swelling of an arm or leg
• Bruise-like discoloration of your skin
• A rash or sore where a heparin shot was given
• Weakness, numbness, or problems moving your arms or legs

Drugs used to treat this and similar conditions

How is HIT diagnosed?

Tell your healthcare provider if you have been treated with heparin. Your provider will ask when you were treated with it and for how long. You may need any of the following tests:

• Blood tests will show how many platelets are in your blood. You may need blood tests every 2 to 3 days.
• An immunoassay test will show if you have HIT.

How is HIT treated?

All heparin treatments will stop, including heparin flushes and catheters coated with heparin. You may need any of the following:

• Blood thinners help prevent blood clots. Clots can cause strokes, heart attacks, and death. Many types of blood thinners are available. Your healthcare provider will give you specific instructions for the type you are given. The following are general safety guidelines to follow while you are taking a blood thinner:
  • Watch for bleeding and bruising. Watch for bleeding from your gums or nose. Watch for blood in your urine and bowel movements. Use a soft washcloth on your skin, and a soft toothbrush to brush your teeth. This can keep your skin and gums from bleeding. If you shave, use an electric shaver. Do not play contact sports.
  • Tell your dentist and other healthcare providers that you take a blood thinner. Wear a bracelet or necklace that says you take this medicine.
  • Do not start or stop any other medicines or supplements unless your healthcare provider tells you to. Many medicines and supplements cannot be used with blood thinners.
  • Take your blood thinner exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Do not skip a dose or take less than prescribed. Tell your provider right away if you forget to take your blood thinner, or if you take too much.
• Antiplatelets , such as aspirin, help prevent blood clots. Take your antiplatelet medicine exactly as directed. These medicines make it more likely for you to bleed or bruise. If you are told to take aspirin, do not take acetaminophen or ibuprofen instead.

When should I contact my healthcare provider?

• You have a fever.
• You have numbness in your arms or legs.
• You have severe pain in your arms or legs that does not go away.
• You have trouble standing and walking.
• You have questions or concerns about your condition or care.

When should I seek immediate care or call 911?

• You feel lightheaded, short of breath, and have chest pain.
• You cough up blood.
• Your arm or leg feels warm, tender, and painful. It may look swollen and red.
• You have any of the following signs of a heart attack:
  • Squeezing, pressure, or pain in your chest
  • You may also have any of the following:
    • Discomfort or pain in your back, neck, jaw, stomach, or arm
    • Shortness of breath
    • Nausea or vomiting
    • Lightheadedness or a sudden cold sweat

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