Alcaftadine (EENT) (Monograph)

Brand name: Lastacaft
Drug class: Antiallergic Agents

Medically reviewed by Drugs.com on Sep 10, 2024. Written by ASHP.

Introduction

Histamine H₁-receptor antagonist.

Uses for Alcaftadine (EENT)

Allergic Conjunctivitis

Prevention of ocular itching associated with allergic conjunctivitis.

Alcaftadine (EENT) Dosage and Administration

Administration

Apply topically to the eye as an ophthalmic solution. For topical ophthalmic use only.

Ophthalmic Administration

Remove contact lenses prior to each dose (since benzalkonium chloride preservative may be absorbed by soft lenses); may reinsert lenses after 10 minutes following administration if eyes are not red.

Avoid contamination of the solution container.

Dosage

Pediatric Patients

Allergic Conjunctivitis

Ophthalmic

Children ≥2 years of age: 1 drop of a 0.25% solution in each eye once daily.

Adults

Allergic Conjunctivitis

Ophthalmic

1 drop of a 0.25% solution in each eye once daily.

Special Populations

No special population recommendations at this time.

Cautions for Alcaftadine (EENT)

Contraindications

Manufacturer states none known.

Warnings/Precautions

Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Category B.

Lactation

Not known whether alcaftadine is distributed into milk. Use with caution.

Pediatric Use

Safety and efficacy not established in children <2 years of age. Safety evaluated in children ≥3 years of age; efficacy in children 2–9 years of age extrapolated from demonstrated efficacy in adults and children ≥10 years of age.

Geriatric Use

No overall differences in safety and efficacy relative to younger patients.

Common Adverse Effects

Ocular effects: Irritation, burning, and/or stinging upon instillation; redness; pruritus.

Nonocular effects: Nasopharyngitis, headache, influenza.

Drug Interactions

No formal drug interaction studies to date.

Not metabolized by CYP enzymes; does not substantially inhibit major CYP enzymes in vitro.

Alcaftadine (EENT) Pharmacokinetics

Absorption

Bioavailability

Appears rapidly in systemic circulation following topical application to eye. Peak plasma concentrations of alcaftadine and its active metabolite occur at a median of 15 minutes and at 1 hour, respectively, after administration.

Onset

Rapid; effect on ocular itching apparent at 3 minutes after conjunctival antigen challenge.

Duration

Effect on ocular itching shown to persist for 16 hours.

Distribution

Extent

Not known whether distributed into milk.

Plasma Protein Binding

Alcaftadine: About 39%.

Carboxylic acid metabolite: About 63%.

Elimination

Metabolism

Metabolized by cytosolic, non-CYP enzymes to an active carboxylic acid metabolite.

Elimination Route

Carboxylic acid metabolite is eliminated mainly in urine (based on data for oral alcaftadine).

Half-life

Carboxylic acid metabolite: About 2 hours.

Plasma concentrations of alcaftadine and carboxylic acid metabolite are below limit of quantitation by 3 and 12 hours, respectively, after administration of alcaftadine ophthalmic solution.

Stability

Storage

Ophthalmic

Solution

15–25°C.

Actions

Histamine H₁-receptor antagonist.
Inhibits release of mediators (e.g., histamine) from cells involved in hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., mast cells) and decreases chemotaxis and activation of eosinophils.

Advice to Patients

Importance of learning and adhering to proper administration techniques to avoid contamination of the solution. Keep dropper bottle tightly closed when not in use.
Importance of delaying insertion of contact lenses for ≥10 minutes after alcaftadine instillation to prevent absorption of benzalkonium chloride by soft lenses; do not wear contact lenses if eyes are red.
Not indicated for contact lens-related ocular irritation.
Importance of women informing clinicians if they are or plan to become pregnant or plan to breast-feed.
Importance of informing clinicians of existing or contemplated concomitant therapy, including prescription and OTC drugs, as well as any concomitant illnesses.
Importance of informing patients of other important precautionary information. (See Cautions.)

Additional Information

The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. represents that the information provided in the accompanying monograph was formulated with a reasonable standard of care, and in conformity with professional standards in the field. Readers are advised that decisions regarding use of drugs are complex medical decisions requiring the independent, informed decision of an appropriate health care professional, and that the information contained in the monograph is provided for informational purposes only. The manufacturer’s labeling should be consulted for more detailed information. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. does not endorse or recommend the use of any drug. The information contained in the monograph is not a substitute for medical care.

Preparations

Excipients in commercially available drug preparations may have clinically important effects in some individuals; consult specific product labeling for details.

Please refer to the ASHP Drug Shortages Resource Center for information on shortages of one or more of these preparations.