Cystic Fibrosis

Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on May 4, 2025.

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Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lifelong condition that affects your lungs, digestive system, and other organs. Your mucus, tears, sweat, and saliva become so thick and sticky that they clog your lungs and digestive system. CF usually causes problems with breathing and with breaking down and absorbing food.

DISCHARGE INSTRUCTIONS:

Call your local emergency number (911 in the US) if:

• You cough up blood.
• You have chest pain or sudden trouble breathing.

Seek care immediately if:

• You are coughing or wheezing more than usual.
• You have chest congestion and the mucus you cough up is a different color than before.
• Your lips or fingernails turn blue or white.
• You have severe abdominal pain.

Call your doctor or CF specialist if:

• You have a fever.
• You have less appetite than usual, or you lose weight without trying.
• You have chills or feel weak or achy.
• You have trouble sleeping.
• You urinate less, have a dry mouth or cracked lips, or feel dizzy.
• You have questions or concerns about your condition or care.

Drugs used to treat this and similar conditions

Treatment options

The following list of medications are related to or used in the treatment of this condition.

• Pulmozyme
• Creon
• Kalydeco
• Trikafta
• Cayston

View more treatment options

Medicines:

You may need any of the following:

• Antibiotics help fight or prevent an infection caused by bacteria.
• Mucus-thinning medicine is breathed in to help thin lung mucus so you can cough it up more easily.
• Bronchodilators help open the air passages in your lungs, and help you breathe more easily.
• Pancreatic enzymes help your digestive system break down food and absorb nutrients.
• NSAIDs help decrease swelling and pain or fever. This medicine is available with or without a doctor's order. NSAIDs can cause stomach bleeding or kidney problems in certain people. If you take blood thinner medicine, always ask your healthcare provider if NSAIDs are safe for you. Always read the medicine label and follow directions.
• Steroids helps decrease inflammation.
• Cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulators (CFTR) may help improve your symptoms if your CF is caused by a certain protein mutation. Your healthcare provider or CF specialist can give you more information about CFTRs.
• Take your medicine as directed. Contact your healthcare provider if you think your medicine is not helping or if you have side effects. Tell your provider if you are allergic to any medicine. Keep a list of the medicines, vitamins, and herbs you take. Include the amounts, and when and why you take them. Bring the list or the pill bottles to follow-up visits. Carry your medicine list with you in case of an emergency.

Tips to help you breathe more easily:

• Use airway clearance exercises to help remove mucus so you can breathe more easily. Your provider will show you how to do the exercises. These exercises may be used with machines or devices to help decrease your symptoms and risk for infection. Your healthcare provider may also recommend pulmonary rehabilitation (rehab) to help you improve lung function. Pulmonary rehab is usually 3 times each week for a few months.
• Rest or sleep with your head elevated to help keep your airway open. Use pillows or foam wedges to elevate your head.
• Use a cool mist humidifier to increase air moisture in your home. This may make it easier for you to breathe and to cough up mucus.
• Be physically active, as directed. Ask your provider about the best activity plan for you. Physical activity can help loosen secretions in your airways and lungs, and help you breathe more easily.
• Do not smoke. Nicotine and other chemicals in cigarettes and cigars can cause lung damage. Ask your healthcare provider for information if you currently smoke and need help to quit. E-cigarettes or smokeless tobacco still contain nicotine. Talk to your healthcare provider before you use these products.

Tips to help you stay healthy:

• Ask about vaccines you may need. Get the flu vaccine as soon as recommended each year, usually in September or October. Get all recommended COVID-19 vaccine doses and booster shots. The pneumonia vaccine may also be recommended. Ask about other vaccines you may need, and when to get them.
• Prevent the spread of germs. Avoid people who have a cold or the flu. Cover your mouth when you cough. Cough into a tissue or the bend of your elbow so you do not spread germs from your hands. Wash your hands often. Use soap and water. Wash your hands after you use the bathroom, change a child's diapers, or sneeze. Wash before you prepare or eat food.
• Eat a variety of healthy foods. Nutrition changes may be needed to help you digest food more easily. Healthy foods include fruits, vegetables, whole-grain breads, low-fat dairy products, beans, lean meats, and fish. You may need to eat foods that have extra calories, fat, vitamins, or calcium. Ask your provider if you need to be on a special diet.
• Get screening tests as directed. Screening means you are checked for complications of CF before you show symptoms. You may be screened for CF-related diabetes at least 1 time each year. Talk to your provider about other screening tests you may need and how often.

Follow up with your doctor or CF specialist in 2 to 4 weeks:

You will need to return regularly to have your condition monitored. Genetic counseling may be recommended to help you learn why you have CF. Genetic counseling may also show your child's risk for CF if you are planning to have a child. Write down your questions so you remember to ask them during your visits.

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The above information is an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatments. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before following any medical regimen to see if it is safe and effective for you.

Further information

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