Drug Interaction Report

MONITOR: Coadministration with drugs that are inhibitors of CYP450 2D6 may increase the plasma concentrations of tolterodine, which is primarily metabolized by this isoenzyme in most patients (referred to as "extensive metabolizers") to an active metabolite, 5-hydroxymethyl tolterodine (5-HMT), that is equipotent to tolterodine. A subset of the population (about 7%) is devoid of CYP450 2D6 (referred to as "poor metabolizers") and uses CYP450 3A4 to metabolize tolterodine to an inactive metabolite instead. In a study to assess this interaction, fluoxetine (a potent CYP450 2D6 inhibitor) was administered concurrently with immediate release tolterodine. It was observed that fluoxetine significantly inhibited the metabolism of tolterodine immediate release in extensive metabolizers, resulting in a 4.8-fold increase in tolterodine systemic exposure (AUC). There was a 52% decrease in the peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and a 20% decrease in the AUC of tolterodine's active metabolite. During this interaction the sums of unbound serum concentrations of tolterodine and 5-HMT are about 25% higher, meaning little alteration in the overall pharmacological activity of tolterodine is expected. Therefore, some authorities suggest that the interaction is not clinically significant. However, increased plasma concentrations may increase the risk of anticholinergic adverse effects associated with tolterodine. Additionally, since tolterodine causes concentration-dependent QT interval prolongation, an increase in its AUC could increase the possibility of experiencing this adverse effect. Likewise, this risk may be further increased if the CYP450 2D6 inhibitor being used also carries a risk of QT prolongation (e.g., fluoxetine, ranolazine, certain phenothiazines such as chlorpromazine). Data are not available for less potent CYP450 2D6 inhibitors.

MANAGEMENT: During concomitant therapy with drugs that inhibit CYP450 2D6 activity, the possibility of prolonged and/or increased pharmacologic effects of tolterodine should be considered. Increased monitoring may be particularly important when the CYP450 2D6 inhibitor has a similar adverse effect profile to that of tolterodine or when its inhibitory effects are long lasting (e.g., rolapitant can increase the plasma concentrations and risk of adverse effects of CYP450 2D6 substrates for at least 28 days). Clinical and laboratory monitoring, including QTc interval and serum electrolytes, is advised. Patients should have regular ECGs and be monitored for arrhythmias when the QTc interval is prolonged. If the QTc interval becomes markedly prolonged or symptoms of arrhythmia occur, drug discontinuation should be considered. Patients should be advised to seek prompt medical attention if they experience symptoms that could indicate the occurrence of torsade de pointes such as dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting, palpitation, irregular heart rhythm, shortness of breath, or syncope. Patients should be advised to notify their physician if they experience new or worsening side effects of tolterodine including severe blurry vision, difficulty urinating, dry mouth, headache, drowsiness, dizziness, or GI upset.

GENERALLY AVOID: Alcohol may potentiate some of the pharmacologic effects of CNS-active agents. Use in combination may result in additive central nervous system depression and/or impairment of judgment, thinking, and psychomotor skills.

MANAGEMENT: Patients receiving CNS-active agents should be warned of this interaction and advised to avoid or limit consumption of alcohol. Ambulatory patients should be counseled to avoid hazardous activities requiring complete mental alertness and motor coordination until they know how these agents affect them, and to notify their physician if they experience excessive or prolonged CNS effects that interfere with their normal activities.