Why is phentermine a controlled substance?
Phentermine is classified as a Schedule IV controlled substance by the DEA because it is a prescription stimulant medication with potential for abuse and dependence, though the risk is considered relatively low compared to other controlled substances.
Phentermine is a sympathomimetic amine that increases brain neurotransmitters (norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin), creating abuse potential through appetite suppression for weight loss, increased energy and alertness, mood elevation with temporary euphoria, enhanced focus, and insomnia from stimulation. These effects are similar to amphetamines, and effects that drug misusers may seek.
Other Schedule IV controlled substances include benzodiazepines such as lorazepam and clonazepam; sleep medications such as zolpidem (Ambien) and eszopiclone (Lunesta); and tramadol.
Key Reasons for Phentermine's Controlled Status:
- Stimulant properties: Chemically similar to amphetamines
- Abuse potential: Can be misused for weight loss or energy
- Dependence risk: May cause physical and psychological dependence.
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What are the DEA Prescription Rules for Phentermine?
The rules set by the DEA for all Schedule IV controlled substances, such as phentermine are:
- Low to moderate abuse potential: Less than Schedule II or III drugs
- Prescription required: Cannot be obtained over-the-counter. Must be prescribed by licensed healthcare providers
- Maximum refills: 5 refills allowed per prescription
- Prescription validity: Must be used within 6 months of issue date
- Accepted medical use: FDA-approved for weight loss treatment
- No phone orders: Written or electronic prescription required
- Doctor supervision: Regular monitoring by prescribing physician
- Pharmacy tracking: Dispensing data reported to state databases.
References
- Drug Scheduling. DEA. United States Drug Enforcement Administration. https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/drug-scheduling
- Phentermine. Drugs.com https://www.drugs.com/phentermine.html
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Drug information
- Phentermine Information for Consumers
- Phentermine prescribing info & package insert (for Health Professionals)
- Side Effects of Phentermine (detailed)
- Phentermine user reviews (3,017)
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