Can you take Cipro XR with Durvalumab?

The ciprofloxacin in Cipro XR has a major potential interaction with Abnormal Electrocardiogram.

Quinolones have been reported to prolong the QT interval of the electrocardiogram in some patients. QT prolongation may potentiate the risk of ventricular arrhythmias including ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and torsade de pointes. The risk appears to be greatest with grepafloxacin and sparfloxacin (both are no longer marketed in the U.S.), although cardiovascular morbidity and mortality attributable to QT prolongation have also been reported rarely with others like gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin. Reported cases have primarily occurred in patients with advanced age, cardiac disease, electrolyte disturbances, and/or underlying medical problems for which they were receiving concomitant medications known to prolong the QT interval. Therapy with quinolones should be avoided in patients with known QT prolongation and/or uncorrected electrolyte disorders (hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia) and in patients treated concomitantly with class IA or III antiarrhythmic agents. Cautious use with ECG monitoring is advised in patients with other proarrhythmic conditions such as clinically significant bradycardia, congestive heart failure, acute myocardial ischemia, and atrial fibrillation. As QT prolongation may be a concentration-dependent effect, it is important that the recommended dosages or infusion rates of these drugs not be exceeded, particularly in patients with renal and/or hepatic impairment.

Durvalumab has a moderate potential interaction with Adrenal Insufficiency.

Durvalumab can cause immune-mediated adrenal insufficiency. Adrenal function should be monitored in patients with adrenal insufficiency or with borderline adrenal function and in patients with prolonged periods of stress due to major surgery, intensive care, etc. It is recommended to monitor patients for clinical signs and symptoms of adrenal insufficiency and to institute appropriate measures as necessary. Monitor as clinically indicated prior to and periodically during treatment and withhold, reduce dose, or discontinue therapy with durvalumab as necessary.

The ciprofloxacin in Cipro XR has a major potential interaction with Arrhythmia.

Quinolones have been reported to prolong the QT interval of the electrocardiogram in some patients. QT prolongation may potentiate the risk of ventricular arrhythmias including ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and torsade de pointes. The risk appears to be greatest with grepafloxacin and sparfloxacin (both are no longer marketed in the U.S.), although cardiovascular morbidity and mortality attributable to QT prolongation have also been reported rarely with others like gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin. Reported cases have primarily occurred in patients with advanced age, cardiac disease, electrolyte disturbances, and/or underlying medical problems for which they were receiving concomitant medications known to prolong the QT interval. Therapy with quinolones should be avoided in patients with known QT prolongation and/or uncorrected electrolyte disorders (hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia) and in patients treated concomitantly with class IA or III antiarrhythmic agents. Cautious use with ECG monitoring is advised in patients with other proarrhythmic conditions such as clinically significant bradycardia, congestive heart failure, acute myocardial ischemia, and atrial fibrillation. As QT prolongation may be a concentration-dependent effect, it is important that the recommended dosages or infusion rates of these drugs not be exceeded, particularly in patients with renal and/or hepatic impairment.

Durvalumab has a moderate potential interaction with Autoimmune Disorders.

Programmed death receptor-1/ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) blocking antibodies can cause immune-mediated adverse reactions, which may be severe or fatal. Immune-mediated adverse reactions can occur in any organ system or tissue at any time after starting therapy. This may be considered when using PD-1/PD-L1 blocking antibodies in patients with immune system disorders (e.g., ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, lupus) or with conditions affecting the nervous system (e.g., myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barre syndrome). It is recommended to monitor patients closely for signs/symptoms that may be clinical manifestations of underlying immune-mediated adverse reactions.

Durvalumab has a moderate potential interaction with Bone Marrow Transplantation.

Fatal and other serious complications can occur in patients who receive allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) before or after being treated with a programmed death receptor-1/ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) blocking antibody. Transplant-related complications include hyperacute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), acute GVHD, chronic GVHD, hepatic veno-occlusive disease after reduced intensity conditioning, and steroid-requiring febrile syndrome (without an identified infectious cause). These complications may occur despite intervening therapy between PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and allogeneic HSCT. It is recommended to follow patients closely for evidence of transplant-related complications and intervene promptly. The benefit versus risks of treatment with a PD-1/PD-L1 blocking antibody before or after an allogeneic HSCT should be considered.

The ciprofloxacin in Cipro XR has a major potential interaction with Central Nervous System Disorders.

Quinolones may cause CNS stimulation manifested as tremors, agitation, restlessness, anxiety, confusion, hallucinations, paranoia, insomnia, toxic psychosis, and/or seizures. Benign intracranial hypertension has also been reported. Therapy with quinolones should be administered cautiously in patients with or predisposed to seizures or other CNS abnormalities. In addition, these patients should be advised to avoid the consumption of caffeine-containing products during therapy with some quinolones, most notably ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, and cinoxacin, since these agents can substantially reduce the clearance of caffeine and other methylxanthines, potentially resulting in severe CNS reactions.

The ciprofloxacin in Cipro XR has a moderate potential interaction with Dehydration.

Crystalluria has been reported rarely during quinolone therapy. Although it is not expected to occur under normal circumstances with usual recommended dosages, patients who are dehydrated (e.g., due to severe diarrhea or vomiting) may be at increased risk and should be encouraged to consume additional amounts of liquid or given intravenous fluid to ensure an adequate urinary output. Alkalinity of the urine should be avoided, since it may also increase the risk of crystalluria. Renal function tests should be performed periodically during prolonged therapy (> 2 weeks).

The ciprofloxacin in Cipro XR has a moderate potential interaction with Diabetes Mellitus.

The use of certain quinolones has been associated with disturbances in blood glucose homeostasis possibly stemming from effects on pancreatic beta cell ATP-sensitive potassium channels that regulate insulin secretion. Hypoglycemia and, less frequently, hyperglycemia have been reported, although the latter may also occur due to infection alone. Hypoglycemia has usually occurred in patients with diabetes receiving concomitant oral hypoglycemic agents and/or insulin. Administration of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, and especially gatifloxacin in patients treated with sulfonylureas or other oral hypoglycemic agents has resulted in severe, refractory hypoglycemia and hypoglycemic coma. Elderly patients and patients with reduced renal function are particularly susceptible. Blood glucose should be monitored more closely whenever quinolones are prescribed to patients with diabetes. Gatifloxacin has been known to cause hypoglycemic episodes generally within the first 3 days of therapy and sometimes even after the first dose, while hyperglycemia usually occurs 4 to 10 days after initiation of therapy. Patients should be counseled to recognize symptoms of hypoglycemia such as headache, dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, tremor, weakness, hunger, excessive perspiration, and palpitations. If hypo- or hyperglycemia occur during quinolone therapy, patients should initiate appropriate remedial therapy immediately, discontinue the antibiotic, and contact their physician.

Durvalumab has a moderate potential interaction with Diabetes Mellitus.

Durvalumab can cause type 1 diabetes mellitus. Monitor for hyperglycemia or other signs and symptoms of diabetes. Withhold treatment in cases of severe hyperglycemia until metabolic control is achieved. Permanently discontinue durvalumab for life-threatening hyperglycemia. If appropriate interrupt treatment according to manufacturer recommendations. Care should be exercised when using durvalumab in diabetic patients.

The ciprofloxacin in Cipro XR has a moderate potential interaction with Diarrhea.

Crystalluria has been reported rarely during quinolone therapy. Although it is not expected to occur under normal circumstances with usual recommended dosages, patients who are dehydrated (e.g., due to severe diarrhea or vomiting) may be at increased risk and should be encouraged to consume additional amounts of liquid or given intravenous fluid to ensure an adequate urinary output. Alkalinity of the urine should be avoided, since it may also increase the risk of crystalluria. Renal function tests should be performed periodically during prolonged therapy (> 2 weeks).

Durvalumab has a moderate potential interaction with Diarrhea.

Immune-mediated colitis has been reported with the use of durvalumab. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of diarrhea or colitis. It is recommended to administer corticosteroids at a dose of 1 to 2 mg/kg/day prednisone equivalents followed by corticosteroid taper for severe or life-threatening colitis. It is recommended to interrupt or to permanently discontinue durvalumab for life-threatening or for recurrent colitis. Care should be taken when using durvalumab in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

The ciprofloxacin in Cipro XR has a major potential interaction with Electrolyte Abnormalities.

Quinolones have been reported to prolong the QT interval of the electrocardiogram in some patients. QT prolongation may potentiate the risk of ventricular arrhythmias including ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and torsade de pointes. The risk appears to be greatest with grepafloxacin and sparfloxacin (both are no longer marketed in the U.S.), although cardiovascular morbidity and mortality attributable to QT prolongation have also been reported rarely with others like gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin. Reported cases have primarily occurred in patients with advanced age, cardiac disease, electrolyte disturbances, and/or underlying medical problems for which they were receiving concomitant medications known to prolong the QT interval. Therapy with quinolones should be avoided in patients with known QT prolongation and/or uncorrected electrolyte disorders (hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia) and in patients treated concomitantly with class IA or III antiarrhythmic agents. Cautious use with ECG monitoring is advised in patients with other proarrhythmic conditions such as clinically significant bradycardia, congestive heart failure, acute myocardial ischemia, and atrial fibrillation. As QT prolongation may be a concentration-dependent effect, it is important that the recommended dosages or infusion rates of these drugs not be exceeded, particularly in patients with renal and/or hepatic impairment.

The ciprofloxacin in Cipro XR has a major potential interaction with Heart Failure.

Quinolones have been reported to prolong the QT interval of the electrocardiogram in some patients. QT prolongation may potentiate the risk of ventricular arrhythmias including ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and torsade de pointes. The risk appears to be greatest with grepafloxacin and sparfloxacin (both are no longer marketed in the U.S.), although cardiovascular morbidity and mortality attributable to QT prolongation have also been reported rarely with others like gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin. Reported cases have primarily occurred in patients with advanced age, cardiac disease, electrolyte disturbances, and/or underlying medical problems for which they were receiving concomitant medications known to prolong the QT interval. Therapy with quinolones should be avoided in patients with known QT prolongation and/or uncorrected electrolyte disorders (hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia) and in patients treated concomitantly with class IA or III antiarrhythmic agents. Cautious use with ECG monitoring is advised in patients with other proarrhythmic conditions such as clinically significant bradycardia, congestive heart failure, acute myocardial ischemia, and atrial fibrillation. As QT prolongation may be a concentration-dependent effect, it is important that the recommended dosages or infusion rates of these drugs not be exceeded, particularly in patients with renal and/or hepatic impairment.

The ciprofloxacin in Cipro XR has a moderate potential interaction with Hemodialysis.

The following quinolones are known to be partially removed by hemodialysis and should be administered after dialysis: ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, lomefloxacin, and ofloxacin.

The ciprofloxacin in Cipro XR has a major potential interaction with Hypokalemia.

Quinolones have been reported to prolong the QT interval of the electrocardiogram in some patients. QT prolongation may potentiate the risk of ventricular arrhythmias including ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and torsade de pointes. The risk appears to be greatest with grepafloxacin and sparfloxacin (both are no longer marketed in the U.S.), although cardiovascular morbidity and mortality attributable to QT prolongation have also been reported rarely with others like gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin. Reported cases have primarily occurred in patients with advanced age, cardiac disease, electrolyte disturbances, and/or underlying medical problems for which they were receiving concomitant medications known to prolong the QT interval. Therapy with quinolones should be avoided in patients with known QT prolongation and/or uncorrected electrolyte disorders (hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia) and in patients treated concomitantly with class IA or III antiarrhythmic agents. Cautious use with ECG monitoring is advised in patients with other proarrhythmic conditions such as clinically significant bradycardia, congestive heart failure, acute myocardial ischemia, and atrial fibrillation. As QT prolongation may be a concentration-dependent effect, it is important that the recommended dosages or infusion rates of these drugs not be exceeded, particularly in patients with renal and/or hepatic impairment.

Durvalumab has a moderate potential interaction with Infection.

Durvalumab may alter the normal immune response and increase susceptibility to infections. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of infection and withhold durvalumab treatment for Grade 3 or higher infections, particularly in patients with urinary tract infections. Resume once clinically stable.

Durvalumab has a moderate potential interaction with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Immune-mediated colitis has been reported with the use of durvalumab. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of diarrhea or colitis. It is recommended to administer corticosteroids at a dose of 1 to 2 mg/kg/day prednisone equivalents followed by corticosteroid taper for severe or life-threatening colitis. It is recommended to interrupt or to permanently discontinue durvalumab for life-threatening or for recurrent colitis. Care should be taken when using durvalumab in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

The ciprofloxacin in Cipro XR has a major potential interaction with Ischemic Heart Disease.

Quinolones have been reported to prolong the QT interval of the electrocardiogram in some patients. QT prolongation may potentiate the risk of ventricular arrhythmias including ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and torsade de pointes. The risk appears to be greatest with grepafloxacin and sparfloxacin (both are no longer marketed in the U.S.), although cardiovascular morbidity and mortality attributable to QT prolongation have also been reported rarely with others like gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin. Reported cases have primarily occurred in patients with advanced age, cardiac disease, electrolyte disturbances, and/or underlying medical problems for which they were receiving concomitant medications known to prolong the QT interval. Therapy with quinolones should be avoided in patients with known QT prolongation and/or uncorrected electrolyte disorders (hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia) and in patients treated concomitantly with class IA or III antiarrhythmic agents. Cautious use with ECG monitoring is advised in patients with other proarrhythmic conditions such as clinically significant bradycardia, congestive heart failure, acute myocardial ischemia, and atrial fibrillation. As QT prolongation may be a concentration-dependent effect, it is important that the recommended dosages or infusion rates of these drugs not be exceeded, particularly in patients with renal and/or hepatic impairment.

Durvalumab has a moderate potential interaction with Liver Disease.

Durvalumab can cause immune-mediated hepatitis. Caution is recommended when using durvalumab in patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment as this agent has not been studied in these patients. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of hepatitis during and after treatment discontinuation. Periodic hepatic function test should be performed according to medical practices. Administer corticosteroids as appropriate according to manufacturer recommendations. It is recommended to interrupt or permanently discontinue treatment with durvalumab for severe or life-threatening transaminase or total bilirubin elevation. Care should be taken when using durvalumab in patients with liver disease.

The ciprofloxacin in Cipro XR has a major potential interaction with Magnesium Imbalance.

Quinolones have been reported to prolong the QT interval of the electrocardiogram in some patients. QT prolongation may potentiate the risk of ventricular arrhythmias including ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and torsade de pointes. The risk appears to be greatest with grepafloxacin and sparfloxacin (both are no longer marketed in the U.S.), although cardiovascular morbidity and mortality attributable to QT prolongation have also been reported rarely with others like gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin. Reported cases have primarily occurred in patients with advanced age, cardiac disease, electrolyte disturbances, and/or underlying medical problems for which they were receiving concomitant medications known to prolong the QT interval. Therapy with quinolones should be avoided in patients with known QT prolongation and/or uncorrected electrolyte disorders (hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia) and in patients treated concomitantly with class IA or III antiarrhythmic agents. Cautious use with ECG monitoring is advised in patients with other proarrhythmic conditions such as clinically significant bradycardia, congestive heart failure, acute myocardial ischemia, and atrial fibrillation. As QT prolongation may be a concentration-dependent effect, it is important that the recommended dosages or infusion rates of these drugs not be exceeded, particularly in patients with renal and/or hepatic impairment.

The ciprofloxacin in Cipro XR has a major potential interaction with Myasthenia Gravis.

Fluoroquinolones have neuromuscular blocking activity and may exacerbate muscle weakness in persons with myasthenia gravis. Postmarketing serious adverse events, including deaths and requirement for ventilatory support, have been associated with fluoroquinolones use in persons with myasthenia gravis. Fluoroquinolones should be avoided in patients with history of myasthenia gravis.

The ciprofloxacin in Cipro XR has a major potential interaction with Noninfectious Colitis.

Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD), formerly pseudomembranous colitis, has been reported with almost all antibacterial drugs and may range from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis. The most common culprits include clindamycin and lincomycin. Antibacterial therapy alters the normal flora of the colon, leading to overgrowth of C difficile, whose toxins A and B contribute to CDAD development. Morbidity and mortality are increased with hypertoxin-producing strains of C difficile; these infections can be resistant to antimicrobial therapy and may require colectomy. CDAD must be considered in all patients who present with diarrhea after antibacterial use. Since CDAD has been reported to occur more than 2 months after antibacterial use, careful medical history is necessary. Therapy with broad-spectrum antibacterials and other agents with significant antibacterial activity should be administered cautiously in patients with history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis; pseudomembranous colitis (generally characterized by severe, persistent diarrhea and severe abdominal cramps, and sometimes associated with the passage of blood and mucus), if it occurs, may be more severe in these patients and may be associated with flares in underlying disease activity. Antibacterial drugs not directed against C difficile may need to be stopped if CDAD is suspected or confirmed. Appropriate fluid and electrolyte management, protein supplementation, antibacterial treatment of C difficile, and surgical evaluation should be started as clinically indicated.

The ciprofloxacin in Cipro XR has a major potential interaction with Organ Transplant.

Tendonitis and ruptures of the shoulder, hand, and Achilles tendons have been reported in patients receiving quinolones, both during and after treatment. Avoid the use of these agents in patients who have a history of tendon disorders or have experienced tendinitis or tendon rupture. Therapy with quinolones should be administered cautiously in patients with patients with kidney, heart, and lung transplant, since it may delay the recognition or confound the diagnosis of a quinolone-induced musculoskeletal effect. Factors that may independently increase the risk of tendon rupture include strenuous physical activity, renal failure, and previous tendon disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. It is recommended to discontinue these agents if, at any time during therapy, pain, inflammation or rupture of a tendon develops and institute appropriate treatment.

Durvalumab has a moderate potential interaction with Organ Transplant.

Solid organ transplant rejection and other transplant (including corneal graft) rejection have been reported with the use of programmed death receptor-1/ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) blocking antibodies. This may be considered when using PD-1/PD-L1 blocking antibodies in patients who have received a solid organ or other transplant.

The ciprofloxacin in Cipro XR has a major potential interaction with Peripheral Neuropathy.

The use of quinolones has been associated with an increased risk of peripheral neuropathy. Monitor closely and discontinue their use in patients experiencing symptoms of peripheral neuropathy. It is recommended to avoid these agents in patients who have previously experienced peripheral neuropathy.

Durvalumab has a moderate potential interaction with Pleuropulmonary Infection.

Durvalumab can cause immune-mediated pneumonitis. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of pneumonitis. Evaluate patients with suspected pneumonitis with radiographic imaging. It is recommended to administer corticosteroids at a dose of 1 to 2 mg/kg/day prednisone equivalents for moderate pneumonitis or 1 to 4 mg per kg per day or equivalent corticosteroid for more severe pneumonitis, followed by a taper. It is recommended to interrupt or permanently discontinue durvalumab based on the severity of symptoms. Care should be exercised when using this agent in patients with suspected pneumonitis.

The ciprofloxacin in Cipro XR has a major potential interaction with Renal Dysfunction.

Tendonitis and ruptures of the shoulder, hand, and Achilles tendons have been reported in patients receiving quinolones, both during and after treatment. Avoid the use of these agents in patients who have a history of tendon disorders or have experienced tendinitis or tendon rupture. Therapy with quinolones should be administered cautiously in patients with patients with kidney, heart, and lung transplant, since it may delay the recognition or confound the diagnosis of a quinolone-induced musculoskeletal effect. Factors that may independently increase the risk of tendon rupture include strenuous physical activity, renal failure, and previous tendon disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. It is recommended to discontinue these agents if, at any time during therapy, pain, inflammation or rupture of a tendon develops and institute appropriate treatment.

The ciprofloxacin in Cipro XR has a moderate potential interaction with Renal Dysfunction.

Quinolones (except trovafloxacin, moxifloxacin, and nalidixic acid) and their metabolites are eliminated by the kidney. Patients with renal impairment may be at greater risk for adverse effects from quinolones, including nephrotoxicity, due to decreased drug clearance. Dosage adjustments may be necessary and modifications should be based on the degree of renal impairment and severity of infection in accordance with the individual product package labeling. Renal function tests should be performed periodically during therapy.

Durvalumab has a moderate potential interaction with Renal Dysfunction.

Durvalumab can cause immune-mediated nephritis. Monitor patients for abnormal renal function tests prior to and periodically during treatment. It is recommended to administer corticosteroids at a dose of 1 to 2 mg/kg/day prednisone equivalents followed by corticosteroid taper for life-threatening increased serum creatinine. Withhold or permanently discontinue durvalumab based on severity. If appropriate modify the dose according to manufacturer recommendations. Care should be taken when using durvalumab in patients with renal dysfunction.

The ciprofloxacin in Cipro XR has a major potential interaction with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Tendonitis and ruptures of the shoulder, hand, and Achilles tendons have been reported in patients receiving quinolones, both during and after treatment. Avoid the use of these agents in patients who have a history of tendon disorders or have experienced tendinitis or tendon rupture. Therapy with quinolones should be administered cautiously in patients with patients with kidney, heart, and lung transplant, since it may delay the recognition or confound the diagnosis of a quinolone-induced musculoskeletal effect. Factors that may independently increase the risk of tendon rupture include strenuous physical activity, renal failure, and previous tendon disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. It is recommended to discontinue these agents if, at any time during therapy, pain, inflammation or rupture of a tendon develops and institute appropriate treatment.

The ciprofloxacin in Cipro XR has a major potential interaction with Tendonitis.

Tendonitis and ruptures of the shoulder, hand, and Achilles tendons have been reported in patients receiving quinolones, both during and after treatment. Avoid the use of these agents in patients who have a history of tendon disorders or have experienced tendinitis or tendon rupture. Therapy with quinolones should be administered cautiously in patients with patients with kidney, heart, and lung transplant, since it may delay the recognition or confound the diagnosis of a quinolone-induced musculoskeletal effect. Factors that may independently increase the risk of tendon rupture include strenuous physical activity, renal failure, and previous tendon disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. It is recommended to discontinue these agents if, at any time during therapy, pain, inflammation or rupture of a tendon develops and institute appropriate treatment.

Durvalumab has a moderate potential interaction with Thyroid Disease.

Durvalumab can cause immune-mediated thyroid disorders. Monitor thyroid function prior to and periodically during treatment. Administer hormone-replacement therapy for hypothyroidism or initiate medical management for control of hyperthyroidism. Continue durvalumab for hypothyroidism and interrupt for hyperthyroidism based on the manufacturer recommendation. Care should be taken when using this agent in patients with thyroid disease.

The ciprofloxacin in Cipro XR has a moderate potential interaction with Vomiting.

Crystalluria has been reported rarely during quinolone therapy. Although it is not expected to occur under normal circumstances with usual recommended dosages, patients who are dehydrated (e.g., due to severe diarrhea or vomiting) may be at increased risk and should be encouraged to consume additional amounts of liquid or given intravenous fluid to ensure an adequate urinary output. Alkalinity of the urine should be avoided, since it may also increase the risk of crystalluria. Renal function tests should be performed periodically during prolonged therapy (> 2 weeks).