Exelon Disease Interactions

Due to their pharmacological action, cholinesterase inhibitors can have a vagotonic effect on the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes producing bradycardia or heart block. Therapy with cholinesterase inhibitors should be administered cautiously in patients with preexisting bradycardia or underlying cardiac conduction abnormalities. Syncopal episodes have been reported. Atropine may be used to reverse bradycardia produced by cholinesterase inhibitors.

Cholinesterase inhibitors inhibit the hydrolysis of acetylcholine. The enhanced effect of acetylcholine produces constriction of the bronchi, increased bronchial secretions, and bronchospasm. Therapy with cholinesterase inhibitors should be administered cautiously in patients with respiratory dysfunction, history of asthma, or obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiratory function should be closely monitored for the occurrence of respiratory adverse reactions. Use of atropine along with discontinuation of the cholinesterase inhibitor may be required for serious respiratory distress.

Cholinesterase inhibitors should be used with caution in patients with parkinsonism. Some of these drugs might be contraindicated in these patients (refer to specific prescribing information). Symptoms of Parkinson's disease may be exacerbated with the increase in cholinergic activity. Caregivers and patients should be advised.

The use of cholinesterase inhibitors is associated with an increase in gastric acid secretion and gastric contractions. Monitor for symptoms of active or occult gastrointestinal bleeding, especially in patients at increased risk for developing ulcers (e.g., history of ulcer disease or concurrent use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs).

Cholinesterase inhibitors have been associated with convulsions and tremor. Therapy with cholinesterase inhibitors should be administered cautiously in patients with seizure disorders. Patients with Alzheimer's disease should be closely monitored for seizures.