DDAVP Nasal and Alcohol/Food Interactions

Food may decrease the rate and extent of absorption of desmopressin following oral administration. In 16 healthy, nonsmoking volunteers, administration of a single 400 mcg oral dose of desmopressin concomitantly with a standardized meal (27% fat) resulted in a 52% decrease in the peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of desmopressin and a 43% decrease in systemic exposure (AUC) compared to administration in the fasting state. The Cmax and AUC were still reduced by 46% and 41%, respectively, when desmopressin was administered 1.5 hours after eating. Both feeding regimens prolonged the time to reach peak plasma concentration (Tmax) from 1 hour to 1.5 hours. However, the pharmacodynamic effects of desmopressin were not affected as assessed by urine volume and osmolality for at least 4 hours postdose. The degree of antidiuresis was similar in the absence of food and when the drug was taken with or 1.5 hours after eating. These findings would suggest a fairly minor clinical impact of the interaction in most patients, especially since oral desmopressin is intended for administration at bedtime. Nevertheless, the possibility of food effects should be considered before increasing the dose whenever a diminution of effect is noted. A significant interaction is not expected to occur with the sublingual formulation, since absorption occurs primarily in the oral mucosa, pharynx, and esophagus.

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desmopressin - vascular disease

The use of desmopressin, primarily in parenteral administration and/or in large doses, has been infrequently associated with changes in blood pressure, causing either slight elevations or transient decreases with a compensatory increase in heart rate. Therapy with desmopressin, regardless of route of administration, should be administered cautiously in patients with coronary artery insufficiency and/or hypertensive cardiovascular disease.