Chlamydia
Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on May 4, 2025.
Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by bacteria. Chlamydia is spread during oral, vaginal, or anal sex. The infection most often affects the urethra, rectum, or throat. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from your bladder to the outside of your body. Anyone with multiple sex partners is at higher risk for chlamydia. Your risk is also increased if you have another STI, such as gonorrhea.
DISCHARGE INSTRUCTIONS:
Call your doctor if:
- You have a fever.
- You have nausea or you cannot stop vomiting.
- You have severe abdominal pain.
- Your signs or symptoms last longer than 1 week or get worse during treatment.
- Your signs or symptoms return after treatment.
- You have pain during sex.
- You have questions or concerns about your condition or care.
Medicines:
- Antibiotics help treat the infection. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) means you take antibiotics within 72 hours of possible exposure to chlamydia bacteria. Your healthcare provider may give you a prescription so you can have antibiotics available before you need them. Both you and your sex partner need treatment to prevent chlamydia from spreading.
- Take your medicine as directed. Contact your healthcare provider if you think your medicine is not helping or if you have side effects. Tell your provider if you are allergic to any medicine. Keep a list of the medicines, vitamins, and herbs you take. Include the amounts, and when and why you take them. Bring the list or the pill bottles to follow-up visits. Carry your medicine list with you in case of an emergency.
Prevent the spread of chlamydia and other STIs:
Ask your healthcare provider for more information about the following safe sex practices:
- Use a male or female condom during sex. This includes oral, genital, or anal sex. Use a new condom each time. Condoms help prevent pregnancy and STIs. Use latex condoms, if possible. Lambskin (also called sheepskin or natural membrane) condoms do not protect against STIs. A polyurethane condom can be used if you or your partner is allergic to latex. Condoms should be used with a second form of birth control to help prevent pregnancy and STIs. Do not use male and female condoms together. Ask for more information about the correct way to use condoms.
- Limit your number of sex partners. This will help lower your risk for chlamydia and other STIs.
- Get tested for STIs regularly if you are sexually active. You should get tested 1 time a year, or after new sex partners. Get tested if you have sex without a condom. This includes oral, genital, or anal sex.
- Do not have sex with someone who has an STI. This includes oral, vaginal, and anal sex.
- Do not have sex while you or your partner are being treated. Ask when it is safe to have sex.
- Ask about medicines to lower your risk for some STIs:
- Vaccines can help protect you from hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and the human papillomavirus (HPV). The HPV vaccine is usually given at 11 years, but it may be given through 26 years to both females and males. Your provider can give you more information on vaccines to prevent STIs.
- Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) may be given if you are at high risk for HIV. PrEP is taken every day to prevent the virus from fully infecting the body.
- If you are female:
- Do not douche. Douching upsets the normal balance of bacteria found in your vagina. It does not prevent or clear up vaginal infections.
- Tell your healthcare provider if you are pregnant. Chlamydia can be passed to an infant during birth.
Follow up with your doctor as directed:
Write down your questions so you remember to ask them during your visits.
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The above information is an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatments. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before following any medical regimen to see if it is safe and effective for you.
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