Drug Interactions between Pro-Med and Selgene

MONITOR: Coadministration of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and phenothiazines may result in additive hypotensive effects and central nervous system effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, disorientation, memory loss, and seizures. MAOIs alone quite commonly produce orthostatic hypotension. This effect may stem from a gradual MAOI-induced accumulation of false neurotransmitters in peripheral adrenergic neurons that have minimal activity at alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors, resulting in a functional block of sympathetic neurotransmission. Phenothiazines can also cause hypotension (including orthostatic hypotension), reflex tachycardia, increased pulse rate, syncope, and dizziness, particularly during initiation of treatment with parenteral doses. Low-potency agents such as chlorpromazine and thioridazine are more likely to induce these effects, which usually subside within the first couple of hours following administration. Tolerance to the hypotensive effects often develops after a few doses.

MONITOR: An increased incidence of extrapyramidal effects has been reported when some MAOIs and phenothiazines are used concomitantly. Data are limited, and the mechanism of interaction has not been established. There have also been rare reports of suspected neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) in patients treated with irreversible, nonselective MAOIs and certain phenothiazines, although the role of MAOIs is uncertain. Since NMS is thought to be triggered by a sudden decrease of activity at central dopamine receptors, neuroleptics such as phenothiazines alone can cause the syndrome. In one report, a 70-year-old female inpatient of a psychiatric ward developed dyspnea, tachycardia, diffuse muscular rigidity, pyrexia, hypotension, cyanosis, hyperreflexia, coma, and a grand mal seizure while being treated with isocarboxazid and chlorpromazine. Laboratory findings included a mild neutrophil leucocytosis and elevated serum potassium and creatine phosphokinase. The patient improved within 24 hours after discontinuation of psychotropic medications and initiation of supportive measures and anticonvulsants, but she subsequently died from acute renal failure secondary to rhabdomyolysis. Another patient developed symptoms of NMS one week after initiating treatment with a tranylcypromine-trifluoperazine combination, immediately after the dose was doubled. The case was complicated by rhabdomyolysis and disseminated intravascular coagulation, but was treated successfully with dantrolene sodium and generous fluid therapy. In other reports, rare cases of fatal hyperthermia occurred during treatment with methotrimeprazine and pargyline or tranylcypromine. Again, the relationship to MAOIs is unknown, since phenothiazines alone have been associated with hyperpyrexia.

MANAGEMENT: Although often safe and effective, caution is advised during coadministration of MAOIs and phenothiazines, especially during the first few weeks of treatment. Close monitoring for development of hypotension is recommended. Patients should be advised to avoid rising abruptly from a sitting or recumbent position and to notify their physician if they experience dizziness, lightheadedness, syncope, orthostasis, or tachycardia. Ambulatory patients should also be counseled to avoid hazardous activities requiring mental alertness and motor coordination until they know how these agents affect them, and to notify their physician if they experience excessive or prolonged CNS effects that interfere with their normal activities. Alcohol should be avoided, since it may increase hypotensive and CNS effects.

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