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Emcyt Disease Interactions

There are 9 disease interactions with Emcyt (estramustine).

Major

Estramustine (applies to Emcyt) hypertension

Major Potential Hazard, High plausibility.

The risk of myocardial infarction and strokes, including those associated with estrogen use, may be increased in patients with hypertension. Moreover, estramustine may elevate blood pressure and worsen the hypertension, thus compounding the risk. Therapy with estramustine should be administered cautiously in patients with preexisting hypertension. Patients should be monitored for changes in cardiovascular status, and their antihypertensive regimen adjusted as necessary.

References

  1. Crane MG, Harris JJ "Estrogens and hypertension: effect of discontinuing estrogens on blood pressure, exchangeable sodium, and the renin-aldosterone system." Am J Med Sci 276 (1978): 33-55
  2. Crane MG, Harris JJ, Winsor W 3d "Hypertension, oral contraceptive agents, and conjugated estrogens." Ann Intern Med 74 (1971): 13-21
  3. Rosenberg L, Slone D, Shapiro S, Kaufman D, Stolley PD, Miettinen OS "Noncontraceptive estrogens and myocardial infarction in young women." JAMA 244 (1980): 339-42
  4. Jick H, Dinan B, Rothman KJ "Noncontraceptive estrogens and nonfatal myocardial infarction." JAMA 239 (1978): 1407-8
  5. Wren BG, Routledge DA "Blood pressure changes: oestrogens in climacteric women." Med J Aust 2 (1981): 528-31
  6. "Product Information. Emcyt (estramustine)." Pharmacia and Upjohn PROD (2001):
View all 6 references
Major

Estramustine (applies to Emcyt) thromboembolism/cardiovascular

Major Potential Hazard, High plausibility. Applicable conditions: Ischemic Heart Disease, Cerebral Vascular Disorder, Thrombotic/Thromboembolic Disorder, History - Thrombotic/Thromboembolic Disorder

The use of estramustine, a combination of estradiol and nornitrogen mustard, is contraindicated in patients with active thrombotic or thromboembolic disorders, unless the tumor mass is thought to be the source of these conditions. Estrogens, particularly in high dosages, can increase the risk of thrombotic events, myocardial infarction, and strokes. Therapy with estramustine should be administered cautiously and only after careful consideration of risks and benefits in patients with cerebrovascular disease, coronary artery disease, or a history of thrombotic or thromboembolic disorders.

References

  1. Notelovitz M "Oral contraception and coagulation." Clin Obstet Gynecol 28 (1985): 73-83
  2. Meade TW "Oral contraceptives, clotting factors, and thrombosis." Am J Obstet Gynecol 142 (1982): 758-61
  3. Williams RS "Benefits and risks of oral contraceptive use." Postgrad Med 92 (1992): 155-7
  4. Rosenberg L, Slone D, Shapiro S, Kaufman D, Stolley PD, Miettinen OS "Noncontraceptive estrogens and myocardial infarction in young women." JAMA 244 (1980): 339-42
  5. Jick H, Dinan B, Rothman KJ "Noncontraceptive estrogens and nonfatal myocardial infarction." JAMA 239 (1978): 1407-8
  6. Boschetti C, Cortellaro M, Nencioni T, Bertolli V, Della Volpe A, Zanussi C "Short- and long-term effects of hormone replacement therapy (transdermal estradiol vs oral conjugated equine estrogens, combined with medroxyprogesterone acetate) on blood coagulation factors in postmenopausal women." Thromb Res 62 (1991): 1-8
  7. Rosenberg L, Palmer JR, Lesko SM, Shapiro S "Oral contraceptive use and the risk of myocardial infarction." Am J Epidemiol 131 (1990): 1009-16
  8. Thorogood M, Mann J, Murphy M, Vessey M "Fatal stroke and use of oral contraceptives: findings from a case- control study." Am J Epidemiol 136 (1992): 35-45
  9. Leaf DA, Bland D, Schaad D, Neighbor WE, Scott CS "Oral contraceptive use and coronary risk factors in women." Am J Med Sci 301 (1991): 365-8
  10. Thorneycroft IH "Oral contraceptives and myocardial infarction." Am J Obstet Gynecol 163 (1990): 1393-7
  11. Lidegaard O "Oral contraception and risk of a cerebral thromboembolic attack: results of a case-control study." BMJ 306 (1993): 956-63
  12. Derman RJ "Oral contraceptives and cardiovascular risk. Taking a safe course of action." Postgrad Med 88 (1990): 119-22
  13. Hannaford PC, Croft PR, Kay CR "Oral contraception and stroke. Evidence from the Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study." Stroke 25 (1994): 935-42
  14. Steinberg WM "Oral contraception: risks and benefits." Adv Contracept 5 (1989): 219-28
  15. Miwa LJ, Edmunds AL, Shaefer MS, Raynor SC "Idiopathic thromboembolism associated with triphasic oral contraceptives." DICP 23 (1989): 773-5
  16. Beaumont V, Lemort N, Beaumont JL "Oral contraceptives, sex steroid-induced antibodies and vascular thrombosis: results from 1318 cases." Eur Heart J 12 (1991): 1219-24
  17. Key JD, Hammill WW, Everett L "Pulmonary embolus in an adolescent on oral contraceptives." J Adolesc Health 13 (1992): 713-5
  18. Burkman RT Jr "Benefits and risk of oral contraceptives. A reassessment." J Reprod Med 36 (1991): 217-8
  19. Peterson HB, Lee NC "Long-term health risks and benefits of oral contraceptive use." Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 17 (1990): 775-88
  20. Boston Collaborative Drug Surveilance Program "Surgically confirmed gallbladder disease, venous thromboembolism, and breast tumors in relation to postmenopausal estrogen therapy." N Engl J Med 290 (1974): 15-9
  21. Belchetz PE "Hormonal treatment of postmenopausal women." N Engl J Med 330 (1994): 1062-71
  22. Devor M, Barrett-Connor E, Renvall M, Feigal D, Ramsdell J "Estrogen replacement therapy and the risk of venous thrombosis." Am J Med 92 (1992): 275-81
  23. Barrett-Connor E, Bush TL "Estrogen and coronary heart disease in women." JAMA 265 (1991): 1861-7
  24. Mishell DR "Contraception." N Engl J Med 320 (1989): 777-85
  25. Lidegaard O "Oral contraceptives, pregnancy and the risk of cerebral thromboembolism: the influence of diabetes, hypertension, migraine and previous thrombotic disease." Br J Obstet Gynaecol 102 (1995): 153-9
  26. Levine AB, Teppa J, Mcgough B, Cowchock FS "Evaluation of the prethrombotic state in pregnancy and in women using oral contraceptives." Contraception 53 (1996): 255-7
  27. Petitti DB, Sidney S, Bernstein A, Wolf S, Quesenberry C, Ziel HK "Stroke in users of low-dose oral contraceptives." N Engl J Med 335 (1996): 8-15
  28. Speroff L "Oral contraceptives and venous thromboembolism." Int J Gynaecol Obstet 54 (1996): 45-50
  29. Poulter NR, Chang CL, Farley TMM, Meirik O, Marmot MG, Debertribeiro M, Medina E, Artigas J, Shen H, Zhong YH, Zhang DW, "Ischaemic stroke and combined oral contraceptives: results of an international, multicentre, case-control study." Lancet 348 (1996): 498-505
  30. Poulter NR, Chang CL, Farley TMM, Meirik O, Marmot MG "Haemorrhagic stroke, overall stroke risk, and combined oral contraceptives: results of an international, multicentre, case-control study." Lancet 348 (1996): 505-10
  31. Piegsa K, Guillebaud J "Oral contraceptives and the risk of DVT." Practitioner 240 (1996): 544
  32. Martinelli I, Rosendaal FR, Vandenbroucke JP, Mannucci PM "Oral contraceptives are a risk factor for cerebral vein thrombosis." Thromb Haemost 76 (1996): 477-8
  33. Farley TMM, Meirik O, Poulter NR, Chang CL, Marmot MG "Oral contraceptives and thrombotic diseases: impact of new epidemiological studies." Contraception 54 (1996): 193-5
  34. Sidney S, Petitti DB, Quesenberry CP "Myocardial infarction and the use of estrogen and estrogen-progestogen in postmenopausal women." Ann Intern Med 127 (1997): 501-8
  35. "Product Information. Emcyt (estramustine)." Pharmacia and Upjohn PROD (2001):
  36. Thorogood M "Risk of stroke in users of oral contraceptives." JAMA 281 (1999): 1255-6
View all 36 references
Major

Estrogens (applies to Emcyt) abnormal vaginal bleeding

Major Potential Hazard, High plausibility. Applicable conditions: Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

The use of estrogens is contraindicated in patients with undiagnosed, abnormal vaginal bleeding. Prolonged (> 1 year), unopposed estrogen use (i.e. estrogen without concomitant progestin therapy) has been associated with a significant, dose-related risk of endometrial carcinoma. The risk may be offset substantially by the addition of a progestin but may not be completely abolished. Prior to initiating estrogen therapy, appropriate diagnostic tests should be performed in patients with abnormal vaginal bleeding to rule out endometrial malignancy. The same applies if recurrent or persistent bleeding develops during estrogen therapy.

References

  1. Obrink A, Bunne G, Collen J, Tjernberg B "Endometrial cancer and exogenous estrogens." Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 58 (1979): 123
  2. Spengler RF, Clarke EA, Woolever CA, Newman AM, Osborn RW "Exogenous estrogens and endometrial cancer: a case-control study and assessment of potential biases." Am J Epidemiol 114 (1981): 497-506
  3. Buring JE, Bain CJ, Ehrmann RL "Conjugated estrogen use and risk of endometrial cancer." Am J Epidemiol 124 (1986): 434-41
  4. Persson I, Adami HO, Bergkvist L, Lindgren A, Pettersson B, Hoover R, Schairer C "Risk of endometrial cancer after treatment with oestrogens alone or in conjunction with progestogens: results of a prospective study." BMJ 298 (1989): 147-51
  5. Antunes CM, Strolley PD, Rosenshein NB, Davies JL, Tonascia JA, Brown C, Burnett L, Rutledge A, Pokempner M, Garcia R "Endometrial cancer and estrogen use. Report of a large case-control study." N Engl J Med 300 (1979): 9-13
  6. Gordon J, Reagan JW, Finkle WD, Ziel HK "Estrogen and endometrial carcinoma. An independent pathology review supporting original risk estimate." N Engl J Med 297 (1977): 570-1
  7. Shapiro S, Kelly JP, Rosenberg L, Kaufman DW, Helmrich SP, Rosenshein NB, Lewis JL Jr, Knapp RC, Stolley PD, Schottenfeld D "Risk of localized and widespread endometrial cancer in relation to recent and discontinued use of conjugated estrogens." N Engl J Med 313 (1985): 969-72
  8. Gray LA Sr, Christopherson WM, Hoover RN "Estrogens and endometrial carcinoma." Obstet Gynecol 49 (1977): 385-9
  9. Woodruff JD, Pickar JH "Incidence of endometrial hyperplasia in postmenopausal women taking conjugated estrogens (Premarin) with medroxyprogesterone acetate or conjugated estrogens alone." Am J Obstet Gynecol 170 (1994): 1213-23
  10. "Product Information. Premarin (conjugated estrogens)." Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories PROD (2001):
  11. "Product Information. Climara (estradiol)." Berlex Laboratories PROD (2001):
  12. "Product Information. Estrace (estradiol)." Warner Chilcott Laboratories PROD (2001):
  13. "Product Information. Estraderm (estradiol)." Ciba-Geigy Pharmaceuticals PROD (2001):
  14. "Product Information. Vivelle (estradiol)." Ciba-Geigy Pharmaceuticals PROD (2001):
  15. The Writing Group for the PEPI Trial "Effects of hormone replacement therapy on endometrial histology in postmenopausal women." JAMA 275 (1996): 370-5
  16. "Product Information. Ortho-Novum 10/11 (ethinyl estradiol-norethindrone)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical
  17. "Product Information. Ortho-Cept (desogestrel-ethinyl estradiol)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical PROD (2001):
  18. "Product Information. Demulen 1/50 (ethinyl estradiol-ethynodiol)." Searle PROD
  19. "Product Information. Triphasil (ethinyl estradiol-levonorgestrel)." Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories PROD (2001):
  20. "Product Information. Ortho-Cyclen (ethinyl estradiol-norgestimate)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical PROD (2001):
  21. "Product Information. Lo/Ovral (ethinyl estradiol-norgestrel)." Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories PROD (2001):
  22. "Product Information. Ortho-Novum 1/50 (mestranol-norethindrone)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical
  23. "Product Information. Emcyt (estramustine)." Pharmacia and Upjohn PROD (2001):
  24. "Product Information. Ortho-Est (estropipate)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical PROD (2001):
  25. "Product Information. Ortho Dienestrol (dienestrol topical)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical PROD
  26. "Product Information. Ogen (estropipate topical)." Pharmacia and Upjohn PROD (2001):
  27. "Product Information. Estinyl (ethinyl estradiol)." Schering Corporation PROD
  28. "Product Information. Estratab (esterified estrogens)." Solvay Pharmaceuticals Inc PROD (2001):
  29. "Product Information. Nextstellis (drospirenone-estetrol)." Mayne Pharma (2021):
  30. "Product Information. Intrarosa (prasterone)." Theramex Australia Pty Ltd 1 (2023):
View all 30 references
Major

Estrogens (applies to Emcyt) hypercalcemia in breast cancer

Major Potential Hazard, Moderate plausibility.

When treated with an estrogen, patients with breast cancer and bone metastases may develop severe hypercalcemia, in which case the drug should be stopped and measures be taken to reduce serum calcium levels.

References

  1. "Product Information. Premarin (conjugated estrogens)." Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories PROD (2001):
  2. "Product Information. Climara (estradiol)." Berlex Laboratories PROD (2001):
  3. "Product Information. Estrace (estradiol)." Warner Chilcott Laboratories PROD (2001):
  4. "Product Information. Estraderm (estradiol)." Ciba-Geigy Pharmaceuticals PROD (2001):
  5. "Product Information. Vivelle (estradiol)." Ciba-Geigy Pharmaceuticals PROD (2001):
  6. "Product Information. Emcyt (estramustine)." Pharmacia and Upjohn PROD (2001):
  7. "Product Information. Ortho-Est (estropipate)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical PROD (2001):
  8. "Product Information. Ortho Dienestrol (dienestrol topical)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical PROD
  9. "Product Information. Ogen (estropipate topical)." Pharmacia and Upjohn PROD (2001):
  10. "Product Information. Estinyl (ethinyl estradiol)." Schering Corporation PROD
  11. "Product Information. Estratab (esterified estrogens)." Solvay Pharmaceuticals Inc PROD (2001):
View all 11 references
Moderate

Estrogens (applies to Emcyt) hypercalcemia

Moderate Potential Hazard, Moderate plausibility. Applicable conditions: Renal Dysfunction, Hyperparathyroidism

Estrogens influence the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. Intestinal absorption and retention of calcium are increased, which may occasionally result in hypercalcemia. Therapy with estrogens should be administered cautiously in patients with preexisting hypercalcemia, renal dysfunction, or metabolic bone diseases that are associated with hypercalcemia.

References

  1. "Product Information. Premarin (conjugated estrogens)." Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories PROD (2001):
  2. "Product Information. Climara (estradiol)." Berlex Laboratories PROD (2001):
  3. "Product Information. Estrace (estradiol)." Warner Chilcott Laboratories PROD (2001):
  4. "Product Information. Estraderm (estradiol)." Ciba-Geigy Pharmaceuticals PROD (2001):
  5. "Product Information. Vivelle (estradiol)." Ciba-Geigy Pharmaceuticals PROD (2001):
  6. "Product Information. Emcyt (estramustine)." Pharmacia and Upjohn PROD (2001):
  7. "Product Information. Duavee (bazedoxifene-conjugated estrogens)." Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group (2013):
View all 7 references
Moderate

Estrogens (applies to Emcyt) liver disease

Moderate Potential Hazard, High plausibility.

Estrogens are primarily metabolized by the liver. Patients with impaired hepatic function may be at increased risk for adverse effects associated with estrogen administration due to decreased drug clearance. Therapy with estrogens should be administered cautiously in patients with liver disease. In addition, clinicians should be aware that estrogen therapy may affect liver function tests. Increased sulfobromophthalein retention has been reported with the use of estrogen-containing oral contraceptives and may be expected with larger doses of estrogens.

References

  1. Bhavnani BR, Cecutti A "Pharmacokinetics of 17 beta-dihydroequilin sulfate and 17 beta- dihydroequilin in normal postmenopausal women." J Clin Endocrinol Metab 78 (1994): 197-204
  2. Adlercrueuta H "Hepatic metabolism of estrogens in health and disease." N Engl J Med 290 (1974): 1081-3
  3. Goldzieher JW "Pharmacology of contraceptive steroids: a brief review." Am J Obstet Gynecol 160 (1989): 1260-4
  4. Kuhnz W, al-Yacoub G, Fuhrmeister A "Pharmacokinetics of levonorgestrel and ethinylestradiol in 9 women who received a low-dose oral contraceptive over a treatment period of 3 months and the same contraceptive formulation." Contraception 46 (1992): 455-69
  5. "Product Information. Premarin (conjugated estrogens)." Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories PROD (2001):
  6. "Product Information. Climara (estradiol)." Berlex Laboratories PROD (2001):
  7. "Product Information. Estrace (estradiol)." Warner Chilcott Laboratories PROD (2001):
  8. "Product Information. Estraderm (estradiol)." Ciba-Geigy Pharmaceuticals PROD (2001):
  9. "Product Information. Vivelle (estradiol)." Ciba-Geigy Pharmaceuticals PROD (2001):
  10. "Product Information. Ortho-Novum 10/11 (ethinyl estradiol-norethindrone)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical
  11. "Product Information. Ortho-Cept (desogestrel-ethinyl estradiol)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical PROD (2001):
  12. "Product Information. Demulen 1/50 (ethinyl estradiol-ethynodiol)." Searle PROD
  13. "Product Information. Triphasil (ethinyl estradiol-levonorgestrel)." Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories PROD (2001):
  14. "Product Information. Ortho-Cyclen (ethinyl estradiol-norgestimate)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical PROD (2001):
  15. "Product Information. Lo/Ovral (ethinyl estradiol-norgestrel)." Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories PROD (2001):
  16. "Product Information. Ortho-Novum 1/50 (mestranol-norethindrone)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical
  17. "Product Information. Emcyt (estramustine)." Pharmacia and Upjohn PROD (2001):
  18. "Product Information. Ortho-Est (estropipate)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical PROD (2001):
  19. "Product Information. Ortho Dienestrol (dienestrol topical)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical PROD
  20. "Product Information. Ogen (estropipate topical)." Pharmacia and Upjohn PROD (2001):
  21. "Product Information. Estinyl (ethinyl estradiol)." Schering Corporation PROD
  22. "Product Information. Estratab (esterified estrogens)." Solvay Pharmaceuticals Inc PROD (2001):
  23. "Product Information. Nextstellis (drospirenone-estetrol)." Mayne Pharma (2021):
View all 23 references
Moderate

Estrogens/progestogens (applies to Emcyt) fluid retention

Moderate Potential Hazard, High plausibility. Applicable conditions: Asthma, Renal Dysfunction, Congestive Heart Failure, Migraine, Seizures

Estrogens and progestogens may cause fluid retention, particularly when given in high dosages or for prolonged periods. Therapy with these agents should be administered cautiously in patients who have preexisting problems with excess fluid. In addition, patients with conditions that may be adversely affected by fluid accumulation, such as asthma, epilepsy, migraine, and cardiovascular or renal dysfunction, should be observed for exacerbation of their condition during estrogen and/or progestogen therapy.

References

  1. Leiman G "Depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate as a contraceptive agent: its effect on weight and blood pressure." Am J Obstet Gynecol 114 (1972): 97-102
  2. "Product Information. Depo-Provera (medroxyprogesterone)." Pharmacia and Upjohn PROD (2001):
  3. "Product Information. Provera (medroxyprogesterone)." Pharmacia and Upjohn PROD (2001):
  4. "Product Information. Premarin (conjugated estrogens)." Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories PROD (2001):
  5. "Product Information. Climara (estradiol)." Berlex Laboratories PROD (2001):
  6. "Product Information. Estrace (estradiol)." Warner Chilcott Laboratories PROD (2001):
  7. "Product Information. Estraderm (estradiol)." Ciba-Geigy Pharmaceuticals PROD (2001):
  8. "Product Information. Vivelle (estradiol)." Ciba-Geigy Pharmaceuticals PROD (2001):
  9. "Product Information. Ortho-Novum 10/11 (ethinyl estradiol-norethindrone)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical
  10. "Product Information. Ortho-Cept (desogestrel-ethinyl estradiol)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical PROD (2001):
  11. "Product Information. Demulen 1/50 (ethinyl estradiol-ethynodiol)." Searle PROD
  12. "Product Information. Triphasil (ethinyl estradiol-levonorgestrel)." Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories PROD (2001):
  13. "Product Information. Ortho-Cyclen (ethinyl estradiol-norgestimate)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical PROD (2001):
  14. "Product Information. Lo/Ovral (ethinyl estradiol-norgestrel)." Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories PROD (2001):
  15. "Product Information. Ortho-Novum 1/50 (mestranol-norethindrone)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical
  16. "Product Information. Emcyt (estramustine)." Pharmacia and Upjohn PROD (2001):
  17. "Product Information. Megace (megestrol)." Bristol-Myers Squibb PROD (2001):
  18. "Product Information. Ortho-Est (estropipate)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical PROD (2001):
  19. "Product Information. Ortho Dienestrol (dienestrol topical)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical PROD
  20. "Product Information. Ogen (estropipate topical)." Pharmacia and Upjohn PROD (2001):
  21. "Product Information. Estinyl (ethinyl estradiol)." Schering Corporation PROD
  22. "Product Information. Estratab (esterified estrogens)." Solvay Pharmaceuticals Inc PROD (2001):
  23. "Product Information. Norplant System (levonorgestrel)." Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories PROD (2001):
  24. "Product Information. Micronor (norethindrone)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical PROD (2001):
  25. "Product Information. Ovrette (norgestrel)." Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories PROD (2001):
  26. "Product Information. Prometrium (progesterone)." Virtus Pharmaceuticals LLC PROD (2001):
  27. "Product Information. Implanon (etonogestrel)." Organon Pharmaceuticals (2006):
View all 27 references
Moderate

Estrogens/progestogens (applies to Emcyt) glucose intolerance

Moderate Potential Hazard, Moderate plausibility. Applicable conditions: Diabetes Mellitus

Impaired glucose tolerance has been observed in some patients administered oral contraceptives and appears to be related primarily to the estrogen dose. However, progestogens can increase insulin secretion and produce insulin resistance to varying degrees, depending on the agent. Patients with diabetes mellitus should be monitored more closely during therapy with estrogens and/or progestogens, and adjustments made accordingly in their antidiabetic regimen.

References

  1. Haiba NA, el-Habashy MA, Said SA, Darwish EA, Abdel-Sayed WS, Nayel SE "Clinical evaluation of two monthly injectable contraceptives and their effects on some metabolic parameters." Contraception 39 (1989): 619-32
  2. Virutamasen P, Wongsrichanalai C, Tangkeo P, Nitichai Y, Rienprayoon D "Metabolic effects of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate in long-term users: a cross-sectional study." Int J Gynaecol Obstet 24 (1986): 291-6
  3. Who Task Force on Long-acting Agents for Fertility Regulation "Metabolic side-effects of injectable depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate, 150 mg three-monthly, in undernourished lactating women." Bull World Health Organ 64 (1986): 587-94
  4. Garg SK, Chase HP, Marshall G, Hoops SL, Holmes DL, Jackson WE "Oral contraceptives and renal and retinal complications in young women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus." JAMA 271 (1994): 1099-102
  5. Hannaford PC, Kay CR "Oral contraceptives and diabetes mellitus." BMJ 299 (1989): 1315-6
  6. Stubblefield PG "Choosing the best oral contraceptive." Clin Obstet Gynecol 32 (1989): 316-28
  7. Spellacy WN, Ellingson AB, Tsibris JC "The effects of two triphasic oral contraceptives on carbohydrate metabolism in women during 1 year of use." Fertil Steril 51 (1989): 71-4
  8. Steinberg WM "Oral contraception: risks and benefits." Adv Contracept 5 (1989): 219-28
  9. Derman R "Oral contraceptives: a reassessment." Obstet Gynecol Surv 44 (1989): 662-8
  10. Belchetz PE "Hormonal treatment of postmenopausal women." N Engl J Med 330 (1994): 1062-71
  11. Luciano AA, De Souza MJ, Roy MP, Schoenfeld MJ, Nulsen JC, Halvorson CV "Evaluation of low-dose estrogen and progestin therapy in postmenopausal women." J Reprod Med 38 (1993): 207-14
  12. Kaunitz AM "Long-acting injectable contraception with depot medroxyprogesterone acetate." Am J Obstet Gynecol 170 (1994): 1543-9
  13. "Product Information. Ortho-Novum 1/35 (ethinyl estradiol-norethindrone)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical
  14. "Product Information. Ortho-Novum 10/11 (ethinyl estradiol-norethindrone)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical
  15. "Product Information. Ortho-Cept (desogestrel-ethinyl estradiol)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical PROD (2001):
  16. "Product Information. Demulen 1/50 (ethinyl estradiol-ethynodiol)." Searle PROD
  17. "Product Information. Triphasil (ethinyl estradiol-levonorgestrel)." Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories PROD (2001):
  18. "Product Information. Ortho-Cyclen (ethinyl estradiol-norgestimate)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical PROD (2001):
  19. "Product Information. Lo/Ovral (ethinyl estradiol-norgestrel)." Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories PROD (2001):
  20. "Product Information. Ortho-Novum 1/50 (mestranol-norethindrone)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical
  21. "Product Information. Norplant System (levonorgestrel)." Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories PROD (2001):
  22. "Product Information. Micronor (norethindrone)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical PROD (2001):
  23. "Product Information. Ovrette (norgestrel)." Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories PROD (2001):
  24. "Product Information. Nextstellis (drospirenone-estetrol)." Mayne Pharma (2021):
View all 24 references
Moderate

Estrogens/progestogens (applies to Emcyt) thyroid function tests

Moderate Potential Hazard, Moderate plausibility. Applicable conditions: Thyroid Disease

When administering estrogen and/or progestogen therapy in patients with thyroid disorders, clinicians should be aware that these hormones may affect thyroid function tests. Changes have mostly been reported with the use of combination oral contraceptives. Specifically, thyroid-binding globulin (TBG) may be increased, resulting in elevated circulating total thyroid hormone, as measured by PBI (protein-bound iodine), T4 by column or radioimmunoassay, or T3 by radioimmunoassay. Free T3 resin uptake may be decreased. On the contrary, a decrease in TBG and, consequently, thyroxine concentration, has been reported by the manufacturers of the progestin-only (norethindrone) oral contraceptives.

References

  1. "Product Information. Depo-Provera (medroxyprogesterone)." Pharmacia and Upjohn PROD (2001):
  2. "Product Information. Provera (medroxyprogesterone)." Pharmacia and Upjohn PROD (2001):
  3. "Product Information. Premarin (conjugated estrogens)." Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories PROD (2001):
  4. "Product Information. Deltasone (prednisone)." Pharmacia and Upjohn PROD (2001):
  5. "Product Information. Climara (estradiol)." Berlex Laboratories PROD (2001):
  6. "Product Information. Estrace (estradiol)." Warner Chilcott Laboratories PROD (2001):
  7. "Product Information. Estraderm (estradiol)." Ciba-Geigy Pharmaceuticals PROD (2001):
  8. "Product Information. Vivelle (estradiol)." Ciba-Geigy Pharmaceuticals PROD (2001):
  9. "Product Information. Ortho-Novum 10/11 (ethinyl estradiol-norethindrone)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical
  10. "Product Information. Ortho-Cept (desogestrel-ethinyl estradiol)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical PROD (2001):
  11. "Product Information. Demulen 1/50 (ethinyl estradiol-ethynodiol)." Searle PROD
  12. "Product Information. Triphasil (ethinyl estradiol-levonorgestrel)." Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories PROD (2001):
  13. "Product Information. Ortho-Cyclen (ethinyl estradiol-norgestimate)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical PROD (2001):
  14. "Product Information. Lo/Ovral (ethinyl estradiol-norgestrel)." Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories PROD (2001):
  15. "Product Information. Ortho-Novum 1/50 (mestranol-norethindrone)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical
  16. "Product Information. Emcyt (estramustine)." Pharmacia and Upjohn PROD (2001):
  17. "Product Information. Ortho-Est (estropipate)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical PROD (2001):
  18. "Product Information. Ortho Dienestrol (dienestrol topical)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical PROD
  19. "Product Information. Ogen (estropipate topical)." Pharmacia and Upjohn PROD (2001):
  20. "Product Information. Estinyl (ethinyl estradiol)." Schering Corporation PROD
  21. "Product Information. Estratab (esterified estrogens)." Solvay Pharmaceuticals Inc PROD (2001):
  22. "Product Information. Norplant System (levonorgestrel)." Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories PROD (2001):
  23. "Product Information. Micronor (norethindrone)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical PROD (2001):
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Emcyt drug interactions

There are 129 drug interactions with Emcyt (estramustine).

Emcyt alcohol/food interactions

There are 2 alcohol/food interactions with Emcyt (estramustine).

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Drug Interaction Classification

These classifications are only a guideline. The relevance of a particular drug interaction to a specific individual is difficult to determine. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting or stopping any medication.
Major Highly clinically significant. Avoid combinations; the risk of the interaction outweighs the benefit.
Moderate Moderately clinically significant. Usually avoid combinations; use it only under special circumstances.
Minor Minimally clinically significant. Minimize risk; assess risk and consider an alternative drug, take steps to circumvent the interaction risk and/or institute a monitoring plan.
Unknown No interaction information available.

Further information

Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.

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