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Drug Interactions between Norco and Talwin Nx

This report displays the potential drug interactions for the following 2 drugs:

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Interactions between your drugs

Major

pentazocine HYDROcodone

Applies to: Talwin Nx (naloxone / pentazocine) and Norco (acetaminophen / hydrocodone)

GENERALLY AVOID: Concomitant use of opioids with other central nervous system (CNS) depressants including mixed agonist-antagonist or partial agonist opioids may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. The risk of hypotension may also be increased. On the other hand, mixed agonist-antagonist or partial agonist opioids can reduce the pharmacologic effects of other opioid agonists. Reduced efficacy or withdrawal symptoms may occur in patients maintained on their opioid regimen following the addition of a mixed agonist-antagonist or partial agonist opioid.

MANAGEMENT: The use of opioids in conjunction with other CNS depressants including mixed agonist-antagonist or partial agonist opioids should generally be avoided unless alternative treatment options are inadequate. If coadministration is necessary (e.g., when initiating a switch from one opioid to the other), the dosage and duration of each drug should be limited to the minimum required to achieve desired clinical effect, and patients should be closely monitored for signs and symptoms of CNS and respiratory depression. Additional caution is advisable when a mixed agonist-antagonist or partial agonist opioid is added to an existing opioid regimen, as there may be an increased risk of withdrawal symptoms (e.g., restlessness, insomnia, sweating, lacrimation, or rhinorrhea) following initiation of the mixed agonist-antagonist or partial agonist opioid. A dosage adjustment for one or both drugs may be required.

References

  1. Moldenhauer CC, Roach GW, Finlayson DC, et al. "Nalbuphine antagonism of ventilatory depression following high-dose fentanyl anesthesia." Anesthesiology 62 (1985): 647-50
  2. Gilman AG, eds., Nies AS, Rall TW, Taylor P "Goodman and Gilman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics." New York, NY: Pergamon Press Inc. (1990):
  3. Strain EC, Preston KL, Liebson IA, Bigelow GE "Precipitated withdrawal by pentazocine in methadone-maintained volunteers." J Pharmacol Exp Ther 267 (1993): 624-34
  4. "Product Information. Nubain (nalbuphine)." Endo Laboratories LLC PROD (2001):
  5. "Product Information. Buprenex (buprenorphine)." Reckitt and Colman Pharmaceuticals Inc PROD (2001):
  6. "Product Information. Talwin NX (pentazocine)." Sanofi Winthrop Pharmaceuticals PROD (2001):
  7. "Product Information. Stadol (butorphanol)." Allscrips Pharmaceutical Company PROD (2001):
  8. "Product Information. Dalgan (dezocine)." Astra-Zeneca Pharmaceuticals PROD (2001):
  9. "Product Information. Suboxone (buprenorphine-naloxone)." Reckitt and Colman Pharmaceuticals Inc (2002):
  10. "Product Information. Subutex (buprenorphine)." Reckitt and Colman Pharmaceuticals Inc (2002):
  11. "Product Information. Butrans (buprenorphine)." Purdue Pharma LP (2010):
View all 11 references

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Moderate

naloxone pentazocine

Applies to: Talwin Nx (naloxone / pentazocine) and Talwin Nx (naloxone / pentazocine)

MONITOR: This warning does not apply to the naloxone component in non-injectable formulations of naloxone-containing combination medicines. Naloxone injection is an antagonist that will reverse the actions of opiates. This reversal can occur when the opiate drug is being used clinically and when it is being abused. Physically dependent patients may experience withdrawal symptoms. Abrupt postoperative opioid reversal has resulted in hypotension, ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, pulmonary edema, cardiac arrest, encephalopathy, and death.

MANAGEMENT: Patients receiving naloxone injection should be monitored for changes in vital signs, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, aches, fever, runny nose, sneezing, nervousness, irritability, shivering, abdominal cramps.

References

  1. Gilman AG, eds., Nies AS, Rall TW, Taylor P "Goodman and Gilman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics." New York, NY: Pergamon Press Inc. (1990):
  2. "Product Information. Narcan (naloxone)." DuPont Pharmaceuticals PROD (2001):
  3. Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics." O 0
  4. Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information." O 0
View all 4 references

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Moderate

naloxone HYDROcodone

Applies to: Talwin Nx (naloxone / pentazocine) and Norco (acetaminophen / hydrocodone)

MONITOR: This warning does not apply to the naloxone component in non-injectable formulations of naloxone-containing combination medicines. Naloxone injection is an antagonist that will reverse the actions of opiates. This reversal can occur when the opiate drug is being used clinically and when it is being abused. Physically dependent patients may experience withdrawal symptoms. Abrupt postoperative opioid reversal has resulted in hypotension, ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, pulmonary edema, cardiac arrest, encephalopathy, and death.

MANAGEMENT: Patients receiving naloxone injection should be monitored for changes in vital signs, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, aches, fever, runny nose, sneezing, nervousness, irritability, shivering, abdominal cramps.

References

  1. Gilman AG, eds., Nies AS, Rall TW, Taylor P "Goodman and Gilman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics." New York, NY: Pergamon Press Inc. (1990):
  2. "Product Information. Narcan (naloxone)." DuPont Pharmaceuticals PROD (2001):
  3. Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics." O 0
  4. Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information." O 0
View all 4 references

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Drug and food interactions

Major

HYDROcodone food

Applies to: Norco (acetaminophen / hydrocodone)

GENERALLY AVOID: Alcohol may potentiate the central nervous system (CNS) depressant effects of opioid analgesics including hydrocodone. Concomitant use may result in additive CNS depression and impairment of judgment, thinking, and psychomotor skills. In more severe cases, hypotension, respiratory depression, profound sedation, coma, or even death may occur.

GENERALLY AVOID: Consumption of alcohol while taking some sustained-release formulations of hydrocodone may cause rapid release of the drug, resulting in high systemic levels of hydrocodone that may be potentially lethal. Alcohol apparently can disrupt the release mechanism of some sustained-release formulations. In study subjects, the rate of absorption of hydrocodone from an extended-release formulation was found to be affected by coadministration with 40% alcohol in the fasted state, as demonstrated by an average 2.4-fold (up to 3.9-fold in one subject) increase in hydrocodone peak plasma concentration and a decrease in the time to peak concentration. Alcohol also increased the extent of absorption by an average of 1.2-fold (up to 1.7-fold in one subject).

GENERALLY AVOID: Grapefruit juice may increase the plasma concentrations of hydrocodone. The proposed mechanism is inhibition of CYP450 3A4-mediated metabolism of hydrocodone by certain compounds present in grapefruit. Increased hydrocodone concentrations could conceivably increase or prolong adverse drug effects and may cause potentially fatal respiratory depression.

MANAGEMENT: Patients taking sustained-release formulations of hydrocodone should not consume alcohol or use medications that contain alcohol. In general, potent narcotics such as hydrocodone should not be combined with alcohol. Patients should also avoid consumption of grapefruit or grapefruit juice during treatment with hydrocodone.

References

  1. "Product Information. Zohydro ER (hydrocodone)." Zogenix, Inc (2013):

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Major

acetaminophen food

Applies to: Norco (acetaminophen / hydrocodone)

GENERALLY AVOID: Chronic, excessive consumption of alcohol may increase the risk of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity, which has included rare cases of fatal hepatitis and frank hepatic failure requiring liver transplantation. The proposed mechanism is induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes during chronic alcohol use, which may result in accelerated metabolism of acetaminophen and increased production of potentially hepatotoxic metabolites.

MANAGEMENT: In general, chronic alcoholics should avoid regular or excessive use of acetaminophen. Alternative analgesic/antipyretic therapy may be appropriate in patients who consume three or more alcoholic drinks per day. However, if acetaminophen is used, these patients should be cautioned not to exceed the recommended dosage (maximum 4 g/day in adults and children 12 years of age or older).

References

  1. Kaysen GA, Pond SM, Roper MH, Menke DJ, Marrama MA "Combined hepatic and renal injury in alcoholics during therapeutic use of acetaminophen." Arch Intern Med 145 (1985): 2019-23
  2. O'Dell JR, Zetterman RK, Burnett DA "Centrilobular hepatic fibrosis following acetaminophen-induced hepatic necrosis in an alcoholic." JAMA 255 (1986): 2636-7
  3. Seeff LB, Cuccherini BA, Zimmerman HJ, Adler E, Benjamin SB "Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in alcoholics." Ann Intern Med 104 (1986): 399-404
  4. Thummel KE, Slattery JT, Nelson SD "Mechanism by which ethanol diminishes the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen." J Pharmacol Exp Ther 245 (1988): 129-36
  5. McClain CJ, Kromhout JP, Peterson FJ, Holtzman JL "Potentiation of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity by alcohol." JAMA 244 (1980): 251-3
  6. Kartsonis A, Reddy KR, Schiff ER "Alcohol, acetaminophen, and hepatic necrosis." Ann Intern Med 105 (1986): 138-9
  7. Prescott LF, Critchley JA "Drug interactions affecting analgesic toxicity." Am J Med 75 (1983): 113-6
  8. "Product Information. Tylenol (acetaminophen)." McNeil Pharmaceutical PROD (2002):
  9. Whitcomb DC, Block GD "Association of acetaminopphen hepatotoxicity with fasting and ethanol use." JAMA 272 (1994): 1845-50
  10. Bonkovsky HL "Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity, fasting, and ethanol." JAMA 274 (1995): 301
  11. Nelson EB, Temple AR "Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity, fasting, and ethanol." JAMA 274 (1995): 301
  12. Zimmerman HJ, Maddrey WC "Acetaminophen (paracetamol) hepatotoxicity with regular intake of alcohol: analysis of instances of therapeutic misadventure." Hepatology 22 (1995): 767-73
View all 12 references

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Moderate

pentazocine food

Applies to: Talwin Nx (naloxone / pentazocine)

MONITOR: Smoking tobacco may decrease the plasma concentrations and effects of pentazocine by enhancing its metabolic clearance.

MANAGEMENT: The possibility of reduced therapeutic effects of pentazocine should be considered in smokers.

References

  1. Miller LG "Recent developments in the study of the effects of cigarette smoking on clinical pharmacokinetics and clinical pharmacodynamics." Clin Pharmacokinet 17 (1989): 90-108
  2. D'Arcy PF "Tobacco smoking and drugs: a clinically important interaction?" Drug Intell Clin Pharm 18 (1984): 302-7
  3. "Product Information. Talacen (acetaminophen-pentazocine)." Sanofi-Synthelabo Inc (2006):

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Moderate

pentazocine food

Applies to: Talwin Nx (naloxone / pentazocine)

GENERALLY AVOID: Ethanol may potentiate the central nervous system (CNS) depressant effects of opioid analgesics. Concomitant use may result in additive CNS depression and impairment of judgment, thinking, and psychomotor skills. In more severe cases, hypotension, respiratory depression, profound sedation, coma, or even death may occur.

MANAGEMENT: Concomitant use of opioid analgesics with ethanol should be avoided.

References

  1. Linnoila M, Hakkinen S "Effects of diazepam and codeine, alone and in combination with alcohol, on simulated driving." Clin Pharmacol Ther 15 (1974): 368-73
  2. Sturner WQ, Garriott JC "Deaths involving propoxyphene: a study of 41 cases over a two-year period." JAMA 223 (1973): 1125-30
  3. Girre C, Hirschhorn M, Bertaux L, et al. "Enhancement of propoxyphene bioavailability by ethanol: relation to psychomotor and cognitive function in healthy volunteers." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 41 (1991): 147-52
  4. Levine B, Saady J, Fierro M, Valentour J "A hydromorphone and ethanol fatality." J Forensic Sci 29 (1984): 655-9
  5. Sellers EM, Hamilton CA, Kaplan HL, Degani NC, Foltz RL "Pharmacokinetic interaction of propoxyphene with ethanol." Br J Clin Pharmacol 19 (1985): 398-401
  6. Carson DJ "Fatal dextropropoxyphene poisoning in Northern Ireland. Review of 30 cases." Lancet 1 (1977): 894-7
  7. Rosser WW "The interaction of propoxyphene with other drugs." Can Med Assoc J 122 (1980): 149-50
  8. Edwards C, Gard PR, Handley SL, Hunter M, Whittington RM "Distalgesic and ethanol-impaired function." Lancet 2 (1982): 384
  9. Kiplinger GF, Sokol G, Rodda BE "Effect of combined alcohol and propoxyphene on human performance." Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 212 (1974): 175-80
View all 9 references

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Therapeutic duplication warnings

No warnings were found for your selected drugs.

Therapeutic duplication warnings are only returned when drugs within the same group exceed the recommended therapeutic duplication maximum.


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Drug Interaction Classification

These classifications are only a guideline. The relevance of a particular drug interaction to a specific individual is difficult to determine. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting or stopping any medication.
Major Highly clinically significant. Avoid combinations; the risk of the interaction outweighs the benefit.
Moderate Moderately clinically significant. Usually avoid combinations; use it only under special circumstances.
Minor Minimally clinically significant. Minimize risk; assess risk and consider an alternative drug, take steps to circumvent the interaction risk and/or institute a monitoring plan.
Unknown No interaction information available.

Further information

Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.