Drug Interactions between clove and famotidine / ibuprofen

H2 antagonists may alter the pharmacokinetic disposition of some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), resulting in increased or decreased plasma concentrations. Data have been varied, even for the same NSAID. The mechanism may involve inhibition of metabolism, changes in gastric pH resulting in altered absorption, and/or reduced urinary elimination of the affected NSAIDs. Statistically significant changes have been small and of limited clinical significance when interactions have been observed.

Clove and clove oil may potentiate the effects of anticoagulants and other drugs that may affect hemostasis such as platelet inhibitors, thrombolytic agents, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, possibly increasing the risk of bleeding. Eugenol, the active constituent of clove and clove oil, has been shown to be an inhibitor of platelet activity. However, bleeding complications and interactions with hematologic agents have not been reported. Moreover, pharmacologic effects may be highly variable due to inconsistencies in formulation and potency of commercial herbal products. Patients should consult a healthcare provider before taking any herbal or alternative medicine. In patients who have used clove and clove oil extensively prior to receiving treatment with anticoagulants or other drugs that may affect hemostasis, the potential for an interaction should be considered. Close clinical and laboratory observation for hematologic complications is recommended. Patients should be advised to promptly report any signs of bleeding to their physician, including pain, swelling, headache, dizziness, weakness, prolonged bleeding from cuts, increased menstrual flow, vaginal bleeding, nosebleeds, bleeding of gums from brushing, unusual bleeding or bruising, red or brown urine, or red or black stools.