Can you take Bepridil with Extendryl HC?

Bepridil has a major potential interaction with Abnormal Electrocardiogram.

The use of bepridil is contraindicated in patients with a history of serious ventricular arrhythmias; patients with congenital or acquired QT interval prolongation syndromes; and patients treated concomitantly with class IA or III antiarrhythmic drugs or other medications that are known to produce increases in the QT interval or cause torsade de pointes. Bepridil has class I antiarrhythmic properties and can induce new arrhythmias, including ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. Patients with other severe arrhythmias may have increased susceptibility to the proarrhythmic effects of bepridil, but use in such patients has been limited. Bepridil can also cause torsade de pointes type ventricular tachycardia secondary to its ability to prolong the QT interval. In U.S. clinical trials, the mean prolongations of QTc and QT were 8% and 10%, respectively, but increases of 25% or more occurred in 5% of the studied population for QTc and 8.7% for QT. Although the absolute safe upper limit of QT is not known, the manufacturer recommends that the dosage be reduced in patients whose QT interval exceeds 0.52 seconds during treatment. If prolongation remains excessive, the drug should be discontinued.

The HYDROcodone in Extendryl HC has a major potential interaction with Acute Alcohol Intoxication.

The use of opiate agonists is contraindicated in patients with acute alcohol intoxication exhibiting depressed vital signs. The central nervous system depressant effects of opiate agonists may be additive with those of alcohol. Severe respiratory depression and death may occur. Therapy with opiate agonists should be administered cautiously in patients who might be prone to acute alcohol intake.

The HYDROcodone in Extendryl HC has a moderate potential interaction with Adrenal Insufficiency.

Patients with Addison's disease may have increased risk of respiratory depression and prolonged CNS depression associated with the use of narcotic (opioid) analgesic agents. Conversely, these agents may cause or potentiate adrenal insufficiency. Therapy with opioids should be administered cautiously and initiated at reduced dosages in patients with adrenocortical insufficiency. Subsequent doses should be titrated based on individual response rather than a fixed dosing schedule.

The HYDROcodone in Extendryl HC has a major potential interaction with Alcoholism.

Opiate agonists have the potential to cause dependence and abuse. Tolerance as well as physical and psychological dependence can develop after prolonged use. Abrupt cessation, reduction in dosage, or administration of an opiate antagonist such as naloxone may precipitate withdrawal symptoms. In patients who have developed tolerance to an opiate agonist, overdosage can still produce respiratory depression and death, and cross-tolerance usually will occur with other agents in the class. Addiction-prone individuals, such as those with a history of alcohol or substance abuse, should be under careful surveillance or medical supervision when treated with opiate agonists. It may be prudent to refrain from dispensing large quantities of medication to these patients. After prolonged use or if dependency is suspected, withdrawal of opiate therapy should be undertaken gradually using a dosage-tapering schedule.

The HYDROcodone in Extendryl HC has a major potential interaction with Altered Consciousness.

Opiate agonists may produce significant central nervous system and respiratory depression of varying duration, particularly when given in high dosages and/or by rapid intravenous administration. Apnea may result from decreased respiratory drive as well as increased airway resistance, and rigidity of respiratory muscles may occur during rapid IV administration or when these agents are used in the induction of anesthesia. At therapeutic analgesic dosages, the respiratory effects are usually not clinically important except in patients with preexisting pulmonary impairment. Therapy with opiate agonists should be avoided or administered with extreme caution and initiated at reduced dosages in patients with severe CNS depression; sleep apnea; hypoxia, anoxia, or hypercapnia; upper airway obstruction; chronic pulmonary insufficiency; a limited ventilatory reserve; or other respiratory disorders. In the presence of excessive respiratory secretions, the use of opiate agonists may also be problematic because they decrease ciliary activity and reduce the cough reflex. Caution is also advised in patients who may be at increased risk for respiratory depression, such as comatose patients or those with head injury, intracranial lesions, or intracranial hypertension. Clinical monitoring of pulmonary function is recommended, and equipment for resuscitation should be immediately available if parenteral or neuraxial routes are used. Naloxone may be administered to reverse clinically significant respiratory depression, which may be prolonged depending on the opioid agent, cumulative dose, and route of administration.

The HYDROcodone in Extendryl HC has a moderate potential interaction with Arrhythmia.

Opiate agonists have cholinergic activity. Large doses and/or rapid intravenous administration may produce bradycardia and arrhythmias via stimulation of medullary vagal nuclei. Therapy with opiate agonists should be administered cautiously in patients with a history of arrhythmias. Clinical monitoring of cardiovascular status is recommended during therapy.

The HYDROcodone in Extendryl HC has a major potential interaction with Asphyxia.

Opiate agonists may produce significant central nervous system and respiratory depression of varying duration, particularly when given in high dosages and/or by rapid intravenous administration. Apnea may result from decreased respiratory drive as well as increased airway resistance, and rigidity of respiratory muscles may occur during rapid IV administration or when these agents are used in the induction of anesthesia. At therapeutic analgesic dosages, the respiratory effects are usually not clinically important except in patients with preexisting pulmonary impairment. Therapy with opiate agonists should be avoided or administered with extreme caution and initiated at reduced dosages in patients with severe CNS depression; sleep apnea; hypoxia, anoxia, or hypercapnia; upper airway obstruction; chronic pulmonary insufficiency; a limited ventilatory reserve; or other respiratory disorders. In the presence of excessive respiratory secretions, the use of opiate agonists may also be problematic because they decrease ciliary activity and reduce the cough reflex. Caution is also advised in patients who may be at increased risk for respiratory depression, such as comatose patients or those with head injury, intracranial lesions, or intracranial hypertension. Clinical monitoring of pulmonary function is recommended, and equipment for resuscitation should be immediately available if parenteral or neuraxial routes are used. Naloxone may be administered to reverse clinically significant respiratory depression, which may be prolonged depending on the opioid agent, cumulative dose, and route of administration.

The HYDROcodone in Extendryl HC has a moderate potential interaction with Biliary Obstruction.

Opioid agonists may cause spasm of the sphincter of Oddi, which may increase biliary tract pressure. Other opioid-induced effects may include a reduction in biliary and pancreatic secretions and transient elevations in serum amylase. Patients with biliary tract disease (including acute pancreatitis) should be regularly evaluated for worsening symptoms. Therapy with opioids should be administered cautiously in patients with biliary tract disease, gallbladder disease, or acute pancreatitis.

The HYDROcodone in Extendryl HC has a major potential interaction with Brain Tumor.

Opiate agonists may produce significant central nervous system and respiratory depression of varying duration, particularly when given in high dosages and/or by rapid intravenous administration. Apnea may result from decreased respiratory drive as well as increased airway resistance, and rigidity of respiratory muscles may occur during rapid IV administration or when these agents are used in the induction of anesthesia. At therapeutic analgesic dosages, the respiratory effects are usually not clinically important except in patients with preexisting pulmonary impairment. Therapy with opiate agonists should be avoided or administered with extreme caution and initiated at reduced dosages in patients with severe CNS depression; sleep apnea; hypoxia, anoxia, or hypercapnia; upper airway obstruction; chronic pulmonary insufficiency; a limited ventilatory reserve; or other respiratory disorders. In the presence of excessive respiratory secretions, the use of opiate agonists may also be problematic because they decrease ciliary activity and reduce the cough reflex. Caution is also advised in patients who may be at increased risk for respiratory depression, such as comatose patients or those with head injury, intracranial lesions, or intracranial hypertension. Clinical monitoring of pulmonary function is recommended, and equipment for resuscitation should be immediately available if parenteral or neuraxial routes are used. Naloxone may be administered to reverse clinically significant respiratory depression, which may be prolonged depending on the opioid agent, cumulative dose, and route of administration.

The HYDROcodone in Extendryl HC has a major potential interaction with Brain Tumor.

The hypoventilation associated with administration of opiate agonists, particularly by the intravenous route, can induce cerebral hypoxia and vasodilatation with resultant increase in intracranial pressure. Opiate agonists should not be used in patients with suspected or known head injury or increased intracranial pressure. Also, clinicians treating such patients should be aware that opiate agonists may interfere with the evaluation of CNS function, especially with respect to consciousness levels, respiratory status, and pupillary changes.

Bepridil has a major potential interaction with Cardiogenic Shock.

In general, calcium channel blockers (CCBs) should not be used in patients with hypotension (systolic pressure < 90 mm Hg) or cardiogenic shock. Due to potential negative inotropic and peripheral vasodilating effects, the use of CCBs may further depress cardiac output and blood pressure, which can be detrimental in these patients. The use of verapamil and diltiazem is specifically contraindicated under these circumstances.

The HYDROcodone in Extendryl HC has a major potential interaction with Cerebral Vascular Disorder.

The hypoventilation associated with administration of opiate agonists, particularly by the intravenous route, can induce cerebral hypoxia and vasodilatation with resultant increase in intracranial pressure. Opiate agonists should not be used in patients with suspected or known head injury or increased intracranial pressure. Also, clinicians treating such patients should be aware that opiate agonists may interfere with the evaluation of CNS function, especially with respect to consciousness levels, respiratory status, and pupillary changes.

The HYDROcodone in Extendryl HC has a major potential interaction with Cerebral Vascular Disorder.

Opiate agonists may produce significant central nervous system and respiratory depression of varying duration, particularly when given in high dosages and/or by rapid intravenous administration. Apnea may result from decreased respiratory drive as well as increased airway resistance, and rigidity of respiratory muscles may occur during rapid IV administration or when these agents are used in the induction of anesthesia. At therapeutic analgesic dosages, the respiratory effects are usually not clinically important except in patients with preexisting pulmonary impairment. Therapy with opiate agonists should be avoided or administered with extreme caution and initiated at reduced dosages in patients with severe CNS depression; sleep apnea; hypoxia, anoxia, or hypercapnia; upper airway obstruction; chronic pulmonary insufficiency; a limited ventilatory reserve; or other respiratory disorders. In the presence of excessive respiratory secretions, the use of opiate agonists may also be problematic because they decrease ciliary activity and reduce the cough reflex. Caution is also advised in patients who may be at increased risk for respiratory depression, such as comatose patients or those with head injury, intracranial lesions, or intracranial hypertension. Clinical monitoring of pulmonary function is recommended, and equipment for resuscitation should be immediately available if parenteral or neuraxial routes are used. Naloxone may be administered to reverse clinically significant respiratory depression, which may be prolonged depending on the opioid agent, cumulative dose, and route of administration.

The HYDROcodone in Extendryl HC has a major potential interaction with Constipation.

Narcotic (opioid) analgesic agents increase smooth muscle tone in the gastrointestinal tract and decrease peristalsis, which can lead to elevated intraluminal pressure, spasm, and constipation following prolonged use. In patients with severe or acute inflammatory bowel disease, the decrease in colonic motility may induce toxic megacolon. Therapy with opioids should be administered cautiously in patients with gastrointestinal obstruction, constipation, inflammatory bowel disease, or recent gastrointestinal tract surgery. Gastrointestinal effects appear to be the most pronounced with morphine.

The HYDROcodone in Extendryl HC has a major potential interaction with Dehydration.

Opiate agonists can induce vasodilation and significant hypotension, particularly when given in high dosages and/or by rapid intravenous administration. Opiate analgesics cause vasodilatation that may exacerbate hypotension and hypoperfusion and, therefore, are contraindicated in circulatory shock. At therapeutic analgesic dosages, ambulatory patients are more likely to experience dizziness and hypotension than patients who are confined to bed. However, orthostatic hypotension may occur in supine patients upon rising. Therapy with opiate agonists should be administered cautiously and initiated at reduced dosages in patients with hypovolemia, or a predisposition to hypotension. When given by intramuscular or subcutaneous administration, clinicians should also be aware that impaired perfusion in these patients may prevent complete absorption of the drug. With repeated injections, an excessive amount may be absorbed suddenly if normal circulation is reestablished.

Bepridil has a major potential interaction with Diarrhea.

Bepridil can cause torsade de pointes type ventricular tachycardia secondary to its ability to prolong the QT interval. In U.S. clinical trials, the mean prolongations of QTc and QT were 8% and 10%, respectively, but increases of 25% or more occurred in 5% of the studied population for QTc and 8.7% for QT. Electrolyte disturbances such as hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia may augment the prolongation effect of bepridil on the QT interval and should be corrected prior to institution of bepridil therapy. In addition, patients who experience frequent, severe, and/or prolonged diarrhea may be subject to electrolyte losses and should be followed closely and managed accordingly during therapy with bepridil.

The HYDROcodone in Extendryl HC has a major potential interaction with Drug Dependence.

Opiate agonists have the potential to cause dependence and abuse. Tolerance as well as physical and psychological dependence can develop after prolonged use. Abrupt cessation, reduction in dosage, or administration of an opiate antagonist such as naloxone may precipitate withdrawal symptoms. In patients who have developed tolerance to an opiate agonist, overdosage can still produce respiratory depression and death, and cross-tolerance usually will occur with other agents in the class. Addiction-prone individuals, such as those with a history of alcohol or substance abuse, should be under careful surveillance or medical supervision when treated with opiate agonists. It may be prudent to refrain from dispensing large quantities of medication to these patients. After prolonged use or if dependency is suspected, withdrawal of opiate therapy should be undertaken gradually using a dosage-tapering schedule.

Bepridil has a major potential interaction with Electrolyte Abnormalities.

Bepridil can cause torsade de pointes type ventricular tachycardia secondary to its ability to prolong the QT interval. In U.S. clinical trials, the mean prolongations of QTc and QT were 8% and 10%, respectively, but increases of 25% or more occurred in 5% of the studied population for QTc and 8.7% for QT. Electrolyte disturbances such as hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia may augment the prolongation effect of bepridil on the QT interval and should be corrected prior to institution of bepridil therapy. In addition, patients who experience frequent, severe, and/or prolonged diarrhea may be subject to electrolyte losses and should be followed closely and managed accordingly during therapy with bepridil.

The HYDROcodone in Extendryl HC has a moderate potential interaction with Gallbladder Disease.

Opioid agonists may cause spasm of the sphincter of Oddi, which may increase biliary tract pressure. Other opioid-induced effects may include a reduction in biliary and pancreatic secretions and transient elevations in serum amylase. Patients with biliary tract disease (including acute pancreatitis) should be regularly evaluated for worsening symptoms. Therapy with opioids should be administered cautiously in patients with biliary tract disease, gallbladder disease, or acute pancreatitis.

The HYDROcodone in Extendryl HC has a major potential interaction with Gastrointestinal Obstruction.

Narcotic (opioid) analgesic agents increase smooth muscle tone in the gastrointestinal tract and decrease peristalsis, which can lead to elevated intraluminal pressure, spasm, and constipation following prolonged use. In patients with severe or acute inflammatory bowel disease, the decrease in colonic motility may induce toxic megacolon. Therapy with opioids should be administered cautiously in patients with gastrointestinal obstruction, constipation, inflammatory bowel disease, or recent gastrointestinal tract surgery. Gastrointestinal effects appear to be the most pronounced with morphine.

The HYDROcodone in Extendryl HC has a major potential interaction with Gastrointestinal Obstruction.

Opioid analgesics are contraindicated in patients with known or suspected gastrointestinal obstruction, including paralytic ileus.

The HYDROcodone in Extendryl HC has a major potential interaction with Head Injury.

The hypoventilation associated with administration of opiate agonists, particularly by the intravenous route, can induce cerebral hypoxia and vasodilatation with resultant increase in intracranial pressure. Opiate agonists should not be used in patients with suspected or known head injury or increased intracranial pressure. Also, clinicians treating such patients should be aware that opiate agonists may interfere with the evaluation of CNS function, especially with respect to consciousness levels, respiratory status, and pupillary changes.

The HYDROcodone in Extendryl HC has a major potential interaction with Head Injury.

Opiate agonists may produce significant central nervous system and respiratory depression of varying duration, particularly when given in high dosages and/or by rapid intravenous administration. Apnea may result from decreased respiratory drive as well as increased airway resistance, and rigidity of respiratory muscles may occur during rapid IV administration or when these agents are used in the induction of anesthesia. At therapeutic analgesic dosages, the respiratory effects are usually not clinically important except in patients with preexisting pulmonary impairment. Therapy with opiate agonists should be avoided or administered with extreme caution and initiated at reduced dosages in patients with severe CNS depression; sleep apnea; hypoxia, anoxia, or hypercapnia; upper airway obstruction; chronic pulmonary insufficiency; a limited ventilatory reserve; or other respiratory disorders. In the presence of excessive respiratory secretions, the use of opiate agonists may also be problematic because they decrease ciliary activity and reduce the cough reflex. Caution is also advised in patients who may be at increased risk for respiratory depression, such as comatose patients or those with head injury, intracranial lesions, or intracranial hypertension. Clinical monitoring of pulmonary function is recommended, and equipment for resuscitation should be immediately available if parenteral or neuraxial routes are used. Naloxone may be administered to reverse clinically significant respiratory depression, which may be prolonged depending on the opioid agent, cumulative dose, and route of administration.

Bepridil has a major potential interaction with Heart Attack.

Bepridil may have a negative inotropic effect, particularly at high dosages. Congestive heart failure has been observed infrequently (approximately 1%) in U.S. controlled clinical trials. However, experience with the use of bepridil in the presence of significantly impaired ventricular function is limited, and there is little information on the effect of concomitant administration with digoxin. Therapy with bepridil should be administered cautiously in patients with congestive heart failure, especially if they have severe left ventricular dysfunction (e.g., ejection fraction < 30%) or if they are receiving a beta-adrenergic blocker. Likewise, bepridil should not be given to patients with acute myocardial infarction and pulmonary congestion documented by X-ray on admission, since associated heart failure may be acutely worsened. Mild symptoms of cardiac failure should be under control, if possible, prior to initiating bepridil therapy.

Bepridil has a major potential interaction with Heart Attack.

Bepridil has class I antiarrhythmic properties and can induce new arrhythmias, including ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. In the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial involving patients with asymptomatic, non-life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias who have had myocardial infarctions for less than two years previously, an excess rate of mortality/nonfatal cardiac arrest was seen in patients treated with the class I antiarrhythmic agents, encainide and flecainide, compared with that seen in patients assigned to matched placebo-treated groups. Although the applicability of these results to other antiarrhythmic agents is uncertain, the manufacturer recommends generally avoiding the use of bepridil in the post-infarction period. There is also limited experience in the use of bepridil within three months following a myocardial infarction, since it was one of the exclusion criteria in U.S. clinical trials.

Bepridil has a major potential interaction with Heart Block.

The use of some calcium channel blockers (CCBs) is contraindicated in patients with severe bradyarrhythmia, sick sinus syndrome (unless a functioning pacemaker is present), or heart block greater than the first degree (unless a functioning pacemaker is present). CCBs like bepridil, diltiazem and verapamil have a negative effect on AV conduction and the SA node and may exacerbate these conditions.

Bepridil has a major potential interaction with Heart Failure.

Bepridil may have a negative inotropic effect, particularly at high dosages. Congestive heart failure has been observed infrequently (approximately 1%) in U.S. controlled clinical trials. However, experience with the use of bepridil in the presence of significantly impaired ventricular function is limited, and there is little information on the effect of concomitant administration with digoxin. Therapy with bepridil should be administered cautiously in patients with congestive heart failure, especially if they have severe left ventricular dysfunction (e.g., ejection fraction < 30%) or if they are receiving a beta-adrenergic blocker. Likewise, bepridil should not be given to patients with acute myocardial infarction and pulmonary congestion documented by X-ray on admission, since associated heart failure may be acutely worsened. Mild symptoms of cardiac failure should be under control, if possible, prior to initiating bepridil therapy.

Bepridil has a major potential interaction with History - Myocardial Infarction.

Bepridil has class I antiarrhythmic properties and can induce new arrhythmias, including ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. In the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial involving patients with asymptomatic, non-life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias who have had myocardial infarctions for less than two years previously, an excess rate of mortality/nonfatal cardiac arrest was seen in patients treated with the class I antiarrhythmic agents, encainide and flecainide, compared with that seen in patients assigned to matched placebo-treated groups. Although the applicability of these results to other antiarrhythmic agents is uncertain, the manufacturer recommends generally avoiding the use of bepridil in the post-infarction period. There is also limited experience in the use of bepridil within three months following a myocardial infarction, since it was one of the exclusion criteria in U.S. clinical trials.

Bepridil has a major potential interaction with Hypokalemia.

Bepridil can cause torsade de pointes type ventricular tachycardia secondary to its ability to prolong the QT interval. In U.S. clinical trials, the mean prolongations of QTc and QT were 8% and 10%, respectively, but increases of 25% or more occurred in 5% of the studied population for QTc and 8.7% for QT. Electrolyte disturbances such as hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia may augment the prolongation effect of bepridil on the QT interval and should be corrected prior to institution of bepridil therapy. In addition, patients who experience frequent, severe, and/or prolonged diarrhea may be subject to electrolyte losses and should be followed closely and managed accordingly during therapy with bepridil.

Bepridil has a major potential interaction with Hypotension.

In general, calcium channel blockers (CCBs) should not be used in patients with hypotension (systolic pressure < 90 mm Hg) or cardiogenic shock. Due to potential negative inotropic and peripheral vasodilating effects, the use of CCBs may further depress cardiac output and blood pressure, which can be detrimental in these patients. The use of verapamil and diltiazem is specifically contraindicated under these circumstances.

The HYDROcodone in Extendryl HC has a major potential interaction with Hypotension.

Opiate agonists can induce vasodilation and significant hypotension, particularly when given in high dosages and/or by rapid intravenous administration. Opiate analgesics cause vasodilatation that may exacerbate hypotension and hypoperfusion and, therefore, are contraindicated in circulatory shock. At therapeutic analgesic dosages, ambulatory patients are more likely to experience dizziness and hypotension than patients who are confined to bed. However, orthostatic hypotension may occur in supine patients upon rising. Therapy with opiate agonists should be administered cautiously and initiated at reduced dosages in patients with hypovolemia, or a predisposition to hypotension. When given by intramuscular or subcutaneous administration, clinicians should also be aware that impaired perfusion in these patients may prevent complete absorption of the drug. With repeated injections, an excessive amount may be absorbed suddenly if normal circulation is reestablished.

The HYDROcodone in Extendryl HC has a major potential interaction with Infectious Gastroenteritis.

Narcotic (opioid) analgesic agents may prolong and/or worsen diarrhea associated with organisms that invade the intestinal mucosa, such as toxigenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, and pseudomembranous colitis due to broad-spectrum antibiotics. These agents decrease gastrointestinal motility, which may delay the excretion of infective gastroenteric organisms and/or their toxins. Other symptoms and complications such as fever, shedding of organisms, and extraintestinal illness may also be increased or prolonged. Therapy with opioids should be avoided or administered cautiously in patients with infectious diarrhea, particularly that due to pseudomembranous enterocolitis or enterotoxin-producing bacteria or if accompanied by high fever, pus, or blood in the stool.

The HYDROcodone in Extendryl HC has a major potential interaction with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Narcotic (opioid) analgesic agents increase smooth muscle tone in the gastrointestinal tract and decrease peristalsis, which can lead to elevated intraluminal pressure, spasm, and constipation following prolonged use. In patients with severe or acute inflammatory bowel disease, the decrease in colonic motility may induce toxic megacolon. Therapy with opioids should be administered cautiously in patients with gastrointestinal obstruction, constipation, inflammatory bowel disease, or recent gastrointestinal tract surgery. Gastrointestinal effects appear to be the most pronounced with morphine.

The HYDROcodone in Extendryl HC has a major potential interaction with Intestinal Anastomoses.

Narcotic (opioid) analgesic agents increase smooth muscle tone in the gastrointestinal tract and decrease peristalsis, which can lead to elevated intraluminal pressure, spasm, and constipation following prolonged use. In patients with severe or acute inflammatory bowel disease, the decrease in colonic motility may induce toxic megacolon. Therapy with opioids should be administered cautiously in patients with gastrointestinal obstruction, constipation, inflammatory bowel disease, or recent gastrointestinal tract surgery. Gastrointestinal effects appear to be the most pronounced with morphine.

Bepridil has a major potential interaction with Liver Disease.

Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are extensively metabolized by the liver. The half-lives of CCBs may be prolonged substantially in patients with severe hepatic impairment, with the potential for significant drug accumulation. In addition, the use of some CCBs has been associated with elevations in serum transaminases, both with and without concomitant elevations in alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin. While these effects may be transient and reversible, some patients have developed cholestasis or hepatocellular injury. Therapy with CCBs should be administered cautiously and often at reduced dosages in patients with significantly impaired hepatic function. Periodic monitoring of liver function is advised.

The HYDROcodone in Extendryl HC has a moderate potential interaction with Liver Disease.

Narcotic (opioid) analgesic agents are extensively metabolized by the liver, and several of them (e.g., codeine, hydrocodone, meperidine, methadone, morphine, propoxyphene) have active metabolites that are further converted to inactive substances. The serum concentrations of these agents and their metabolites may be increased and the half-lives prolonged in patients with impaired hepatic function. Therapy with opioids should be administered cautiously and initiated at reduced dosages in patients with liver disease. Subsequent doses should be titrated based on individual response rather than a fixed dosing schedule.

Bepridil has a major potential interaction with Magnesium Imbalance.

Bepridil can cause torsade de pointes type ventricular tachycardia secondary to its ability to prolong the QT interval. In U.S. clinical trials, the mean prolongations of QTc and QT were 8% and 10%, respectively, but increases of 25% or more occurred in 5% of the studied population for QTc and 8.7% for QT. Electrolyte disturbances such as hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia may augment the prolongation effect of bepridil on the QT interval and should be corrected prior to institution of bepridil therapy. In addition, patients who experience frequent, severe, and/or prolonged diarrhea may be subject to electrolyte losses and should be followed closely and managed accordingly during therapy with bepridil.

Bepridil has a major potential interaction with Neutropenia.

According to the manufacturer, there have been two cases of marked leukopenia and neutropenia reported in U.S. clinical trials of over 800 patients treated with bepridil for up to five years. Both involved diabetic and elderly patients, with one case resulting in death and the other recovering after discontinuation of the drug. In a postmarketing report, a 72-year-old man with severe angina pectoris developed fever and chills associated with an absolute neutrophil count of 35/mm3 six weeks after switching from diltiazem and nitrates to bepridil and nitrates. A bone marrow biopsy revealed profound myeloid hypoplasia. The patient recovered after discontinuation of bepridil and institution of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and broad-spectrum antibiotics. Therapy with bepridil should be administered cautiously in patients with preexisting neutropenia or agranulocytosis. The drug should be withdrawn promptly if these conditions develop during therapy.

The HYDROcodone in Extendryl HC has a moderate potential interaction with Pancreatitis.

Opioid agonists may cause spasm of the sphincter of Oddi, which may increase biliary tract pressure. Other opioid-induced effects may include a reduction in biliary and pancreatic secretions and transient elevations in serum amylase. Patients with biliary tract disease (including acute pancreatitis) should be regularly evaluated for worsening symptoms. Therapy with opioids should be administered cautiously in patients with biliary tract disease, gallbladder disease, or acute pancreatitis.

Bepridil has a major potential interaction with Post MI Syndrome.

Bepridil has class I antiarrhythmic properties and can induce new arrhythmias, including ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. In the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial involving patients with asymptomatic, non-life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias who have had myocardial infarctions for less than two years previously, an excess rate of mortality/nonfatal cardiac arrest was seen in patients treated with the class I antiarrhythmic agents, encainide and flecainide, compared with that seen in patients assigned to matched placebo-treated groups. Although the applicability of these results to other antiarrhythmic agents is uncertain, the manufacturer recommends generally avoiding the use of bepridil in the post-infarction period. There is also limited experience in the use of bepridil within three months following a myocardial infarction, since it was one of the exclusion criteria in U.S. clinical trials.

The HYDROcodone in Extendryl HC has a major potential interaction with Prematurity/Underweight in Infancy.

The use of narcotic (opioid) analgesic agents is contraindicated in premature infants. These agents may cross the immature blood-brain barrier to a greater extent than in adults, resulting in disproportionate respiratory depression.

The HYDROcodone in Extendryl HC has a major potential interaction with Pulmonary Impairment.

Opiate agonists may produce significant central nervous system and respiratory depression of varying duration, particularly when given in high dosages and/or by rapid intravenous administration. Apnea may result from decreased respiratory drive as well as increased airway resistance, and rigidity of respiratory muscles may occur during rapid IV administration or when these agents are used in the induction of anesthesia. At therapeutic analgesic dosages, the respiratory effects are usually not clinically important except in patients with preexisting pulmonary impairment. Therapy with opiate agonists should be avoided or administered with extreme caution and initiated at reduced dosages in patients with severe CNS depression; sleep apnea; hypoxia, anoxia, or hypercapnia; upper airway obstruction; chronic pulmonary insufficiency; a limited ventilatory reserve; or other respiratory disorders. In the presence of excessive respiratory secretions, the use of opiate agonists may also be problematic because they decrease ciliary activity and reduce the cough reflex. Caution is also advised in patients who may be at increased risk for respiratory depression, such as comatose patients or those with head injury, intracranial lesions, or intracranial hypertension. Clinical monitoring of pulmonary function is recommended, and equipment for resuscitation should be immediately available if parenteral or neuraxial routes are used. Naloxone may be administered to reverse clinically significant respiratory depression, which may be prolonged depending on the opioid agent, cumulative dose, and route of administration.

The HYDROcodone in Extendryl HC has a moderate potential interaction with Renal Dysfunction.

Although narcotic (opioid) analgesic agents are generally metabolized by the liver, renal impairment can alter the elimination of these agents and their metabolites (some of which are pharmacologically active), resulting in drug accumulation and increased risk of toxicity. Therapy with opioids should be administered cautiously and initiated at reduced dosages in patients with significantly impaired renal function. Subsequent doses should be titrated based on individual response rather than a fixed dosing schedule.

The HYDROcodone in Extendryl HC has a major potential interaction with Respiratory Arrest.

Opiate agonists may produce significant central nervous system and respiratory depression of varying duration, particularly when given in high dosages and/or by rapid intravenous administration. Apnea may result from decreased respiratory drive as well as increased airway resistance, and rigidity of respiratory muscles may occur during rapid IV administration or when these agents are used in the induction of anesthesia. At therapeutic analgesic dosages, the respiratory effects are usually not clinically important except in patients with preexisting pulmonary impairment. Therapy with opiate agonists should be avoided or administered with extreme caution and initiated at reduced dosages in patients with severe CNS depression; sleep apnea; hypoxia, anoxia, or hypercapnia; upper airway obstruction; chronic pulmonary insufficiency; a limited ventilatory reserve; or other respiratory disorders. In the presence of excessive respiratory secretions, the use of opiate agonists may also be problematic because they decrease ciliary activity and reduce the cough reflex. Caution is also advised in patients who may be at increased risk for respiratory depression, such as comatose patients or those with head injury, intracranial lesions, or intracranial hypertension. Clinical monitoring of pulmonary function is recommended, and equipment for resuscitation should be immediately available if parenteral or neuraxial routes are used. Naloxone may be administered to reverse clinically significant respiratory depression, which may be prolonged depending on the opioid agent, cumulative dose, and route of administration.

The HYDROcodone in Extendryl HC has a moderate potential interaction with Seizures.

Narcotic (opioid) analgesic agents may increase the frequency of seizures in patients with seizure disorders, may increase the risk of seizures occurring in other clinical settings associated with seizures, and, at higher dosages, have been reported to induce seizures in patients without history of seizures. Patients with history of seizure disorders should be regularly evaluated for worsened seizure control during therapy. Prolonged meperidine use may increase the risk of toxicity (e.g., seizures) from the accumulation of the active metabolite (normeperidine).

The HYDROcodone in Extendryl HC has a major potential interaction with Shock.

Opiate agonists can induce vasodilation and significant hypotension, particularly when given in high dosages and/or by rapid intravenous administration. Opiate analgesics cause vasodilatation that may exacerbate hypotension and hypoperfusion and, therefore, are contraindicated in circulatory shock. At therapeutic analgesic dosages, ambulatory patients are more likely to experience dizziness and hypotension than patients who are confined to bed. However, orthostatic hypotension may occur in supine patients upon rising. Therapy with opiate agonists should be administered cautiously and initiated at reduced dosages in patients with hypovolemia, or a predisposition to hypotension. When given by intramuscular or subcutaneous administration, clinicians should also be aware that impaired perfusion in these patients may prevent complete absorption of the drug. With repeated injections, an excessive amount may be absorbed suddenly if normal circulation is reestablished.

Bepridil has a major potential interaction with Sinus Node Dysfunction.

The use of some calcium channel blockers (CCBs) is contraindicated in patients with severe bradyarrhythmia, sick sinus syndrome (unless a functioning pacemaker is present), or heart block greater than the first degree (unless a functioning pacemaker is present). CCBs like bepridil, diltiazem and verapamil have a negative effect on AV conduction and the SA node and may exacerbate these conditions.

Bepridil has a major potential interaction with Tachyarrhythmia.

The use of bepridil is contraindicated in patients with a history of serious ventricular arrhythmias; patients with congenital or acquired QT interval prolongation syndromes; and patients treated concomitantly with class IA or III antiarrhythmic drugs or other medications that are known to produce increases in the QT interval or cause torsade de pointes. Bepridil has class I antiarrhythmic properties and can induce new arrhythmias, including ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. Patients with other severe arrhythmias may have increased susceptibility to the proarrhythmic effects of bepridil, but use in such patients has been limited. Bepridil can also cause torsade de pointes type ventricular tachycardia secondary to its ability to prolong the QT interval. In U.S. clinical trials, the mean prolongations of QTc and QT were 8% and 10%, respectively, but increases of 25% or more occurred in 5% of the studied population for QTc and 8.7% for QT. Although the absolute safe upper limit of QT is not known, the manufacturer recommends that the dosage be reduced in patients whose QT interval exceeds 0.52 seconds during treatment. If prolongation remains excessive, the drug should be discontinued.

The HYDROcodone in Extendryl HC has a moderate potential interaction with Urinary Retention.

Narcotic (opioid) analgesic agents may inhibit the urinary voiding reflex and increase the tone of the vesical sphincter in the bladder. Acute urinary retention requiring catheterization may occur, particularly in patients with prostatic hypertrophy or urethral stricture and in older adult patients. These agents may also decrease urine production via direct effects on the kidney and central stimulation of the release of vasopressin. Therapy with opioids should be administered cautiously in patients with or predisposed to urinary retention and/or oliguria. The effects on smooth muscle tone appear to be the most pronounced with morphine.