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Drug Interactions between prochlorperazine and saquinavir

This report displays the potential drug interactions for the following 2 drugs:

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Interactions between your drugs

Major

prochlorperazine saquinavir

Applies to: prochlorperazine and saquinavir

CONTRAINDICATED: Saquinavir in combination with ritonavir may cause dose-related prolongation of the QT interval. Theoretically, coadministration with other agents that can prolong the QT interval may result in additive effects and increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias including torsade de pointes and sudden death. In a study of 59 healthy volunteers aged 18 to 55 years who were administered saquinavir/ritonavir at a therapeutic dosage of 1000 mg/100 mg twice daily and a supratherapeutic dosage of 1500 mg/100 mg twice daily, the maximum mean QT prolongation (QTcS; study-specific QT interval correction) on treatment day 3 was 18.9 msec for the lower dosage and 30.2 msec for the supratherapeutic dosage, compared to 12.2 msec for the active control (moxifloxacin 400 mg). The majority of subjects (89% and 80% in the therapeutic and supratherapeutic groups, respectively) had a QTcS less than 450 msec, and none had a QTc interval exceeding the potentially clinically relevant threshold of 500 msec. In general, the risk of an individual agent or a combination of agents causing ventricular arrhythmia in association with QT prolongation is largely unpredictable but may be increased by certain underlying risk factors such as congenital long QT syndrome, cardiac disease, and electrolyte disturbances (e.g., hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia). In addition, the extent of drug-induced QT prolongation is dependent on the particular drug(s) involved and dosage(s) of the drug(s).

MANAGEMENT: Coadministration of ritonavir-boosted saquinavir with other drugs that can prolong the QT interval is considered contraindicated.

References (7)
  1. (2001) "Product Information. Invirase (saquinavir)." Roche Laboratories
  2. Anson BD, Weaver JG, Ackerman MJ, et al. (2005) "Blockade of HERG channels by HIV protease inhibitors." Lancet, 365, p. 682-686
  3. Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics."
  4. Canadian Pharmacists Association (2006) e-CPS. http://www.pharmacists.ca/function/Subscriptions/ecps.cfm?link=eCPS_quikLink
  5. Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information."
  6. FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2010) FDA drug safety communication: Ongoing safety review of Invirase (saquinavir) and possible association with abnormal heart rhythms. http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/ucm201221.htm
  7. Biondi L (2010) Health Canada endorsed important safety information on Invirase (saquinavir mesylate). http://hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/alt_formats/pdf/medeff/advisories-avis/prof/2010/invirase_hpc-cps-eng.pdf

Drug and food interactions

Moderate

saquinavir food

Applies to: saquinavir

ADJUST DOSING INTERVAL: Food significantly increases the absorption of saquinavir.

MONITOR: Coadministration with grapefruit juice may increase the plasma concentrations of saquinavir. The primary mechanism is inhibition of CYP450 3A4-mediated first-pass metabolism in the gut wall by certain compounds present in grapefruits. In eight healthy volunteers, ingestion of 400 mL of grapefruit juice prior to administration of a 600 mg dose of saquinavir mesylate increased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve and oral bioavailability of saquinavir by 50% and 100%, respectively, compared to water; however, the increase is not considered clinically relevant. A high degree of intersubject variability in the grapefruit juice effect was also observed. The extent to which this interaction may occur with the saquinavir free base soft gelatin capsule is unknown. However, the saquinavir soft gelatin capsule formulation is no longer commercially available.

MANAGEMENT: Saquinavir mesylate should be taken with meals or within 2 hours after eating to enhance bioavailability. Patients should be advised to avoid the consumption of large amounts of grapefruit and grapefruit juice during saquinavir therapy unless otherwise directed by their doctor, as the interaction is unreliable and subject to a high degree of interpatient variation.

References (6)
  1. (2001) "Product Information. Invirase (saquinavir)." Roche Laboratories
  2. Kupferschmidt HHT, Fattinger KE, Ha HR, Follath F, Krahenbuhl S (1998) "Grapefruit juice enhances the bioavailability of the HIV protease inhibitor saquinavir in man." Br J Clin Pharmacol, 45, p. 355-9
  3. Bailey DG, Malcolm J, Arnold O, Spence JD (1998) "Grapefruit juice-drug interactions." Br J Clin Pharmacol, 46, p. 101-10
  4. Eagling VA, Profit L, Back DJ (1999) "Inhibition of the CYP3A4-mediated metabolism and P-glycoprotein-mediated transport of the HIV-I protease inhibitor saquinavir by grapefruit juice components." Br J Clin Pharmacol, 48, p. 543-52
  5. Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics."
  6. Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information."
Moderate

prochlorperazine food

Applies to: prochlorperazine

GENERALLY AVOID: Concurrent use of ethanol and phenothiazines may result in additive CNS depression and psychomotor impairment. Also, ethanol may precipitate dystonic reactions in patients who are taking phenothiazines. The two drugs probably act on different sites in the brain, although the exact mechanism of the interaction is not known.

MANAGEMENT: Patients should be advised to avoid alcohol during phenothiazine therapy.

References (2)
  1. Lutz EG (1976) "Neuroleptic-induced akathisia and dystonia triggered by alcohol." JAMA, 236, p. 2422-3
  2. Freed E (1981) "Alcohol-triggered-neuroleptic-induced tremor, rigidity and dystonia." Med J Aust, 2, p. 44-5

Therapeutic duplication warnings

No warnings were found for your selected drugs.

Therapeutic duplication warnings are only returned when drugs within the same group exceed the recommended therapeutic duplication maximum.

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Drug Interaction Classification

These classifications are only a guideline. The relevance of a particular drug interaction to a specific individual is difficult to determine. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting or stopping any medication.
Major Highly clinically significant. Avoid combinations; the risk of the interaction outweighs the benefit.
Moderate Moderately clinically significant. Usually avoid combinations; use it only under special circumstances.
Minor Minimally clinically significant. Minimize risk; assess risk and consider an alternative drug, take steps to circumvent the interaction risk and/or institute a monitoring plan.
Unknown No interaction information available.

Further information

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