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Drug Interactions between naproxen / pseudoephedrine and piroxicam

This report displays the potential drug interactions for the following 2 drugs:

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Interactions between your drugs

Major

naproxen piroxicam

Applies to: naproxen / pseudoephedrine and piroxicam

GENERALLY AVOID: The use of piroxicam in combination with another nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) may increase the risk of serious and potentially fatal gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity, including inflammation, bleeding, ulceration, and perforation of the esophagus, stomach, or intestines. These events can occur at any time during NSAID use, with or without warning symptoms, but the incidence may increase with dosage and duration of therapy. Administration of piroxicam at dosages greater than 20 mg per day carries an increased risk of GI side effects, and evidence from observational studies suggests that piroxicam may also be associated with a higher risk of serious GI toxicity relative to other NSAIDs. In clinical trials of several months to two years duration, NSAID-associated upper GI ulcers, gross bleeding, or perforation occurred in approximately 1% of patients treated for 3 to 6 months and in 2% to 4% of patients treated for one year. Patients with a prior history of peptic ulcer disease and/or GI bleeding have a greater than 10-fold increased risk of developing a GI bleed during NSAID use compared to patients without a history. Additional risk factors include advanced age (especially over 70 years), Helicobacter pylori infection, excessive alcohol use, smoking, a history of GI inflammatory conditions, advanced liver disease, coagulopathy, and poor general health status. GI toxicity aside, clinical studies have also failed to demonstrate greater therapeutic benefit from the coadministration of piroxicam with another NSAID than the use of piroxicam alone.

MANAGEMENT: Concomitant use of piroxicam with other NSAIDs, except for low-dose aspirin for cardiovascular prophylaxis, should generally be avoided. Patients treated with a NSAID should be advised to take it with food and to immediately report signs and symptoms of GI ulceration or bleeding such as severe abdominal pain, dizziness, lightheadedness, and the appearance of black, tarry stools. The lowest effective dosage should be used for the shortest possible duration. Selective use of prophylactic anti-ulcer therapy (e.g., misoprostol, proton pump inhibitors) may be considered in high-risk patients.

References (4)
  1. (2023) "Product Information. APO Piroxicam (piroxicam)." Apotex Incorporated
  2. (2024) "Product Information. Feldene (piroxicam)." Pfizer Ltd
  3. (2024) "Product Information. Feldene (piroxicam)." Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, SUPPL-53
  4. (2024) "Product Information. moBILis (piroxicam)." Alphapharm Pty Ltd

Drug and food interactions

Moderate

naproxen food

Applies to: naproxen / pseudoephedrine

GENERALLY AVOID: The concurrent use of aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and ethanol may lead to gastrointestinal (GI) blood loss. The mechanism may be due to a combined local effect as well as inhibition of prostaglandins leading to decreased integrity of the GI lining.

MANAGEMENT: Patients should be counseled on this potential interaction and advised to refrain from alcohol consumption while taking aspirin or NSAIDs.

References (1)
  1. (2002) "Product Information. Motrin (ibuprofen)." Pharmacia and Upjohn
Moderate

piroxicam food

Applies to: piroxicam

GENERALLY AVOID: The concurrent use of aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and ethanol may lead to gastrointestinal (GI) blood loss. The mechanism may be due to a combined local effect as well as inhibition of prostaglandins leading to decreased integrity of the GI lining.

MANAGEMENT: Patients should be counseled on this potential interaction and advised to refrain from alcohol consumption while taking aspirin or NSAIDs.

References (1)
  1. (2002) "Product Information. Motrin (ibuprofen)." Pharmacia and Upjohn
Moderate

pseudoephedrine food

Applies to: naproxen / pseudoephedrine

MONITOR: Coadministration of two or more sympathomimetic agents may increase the risk of adverse effects such as nervousness, irritability, and increased heart rate. Central nervous system (CNS) stimulants, particularly amphetamines, can potentiate the adrenergic response to vasopressors and other sympathomimetic agents. Additive increases in blood pressure and heart rate may occur due to enhanced peripheral sympathetic activity.

MANAGEMENT: Caution is advised if two or more sympathomimetic agents are coadministered. Pulse and blood pressure should be closely monitored.

References (7)
  1. Rosenblatt JE, Lake CR, van Kammen DP, Ziegler MG, Bunney WE Jr (1979) "Interactions of amphetamine, pimozide, and lithium on plasma norepineophrine and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in schizophrenic patients." Psychiatry Res, 1, p. 45-52
  2. Cavanaugh JH, Griffith JD, Oates JA (1970) "Effect of amphetamine on the pressor response to tyramine: formation of p-hydroxynorephedrine from amphetamine in man." Clin Pharmacol Ther, 11, p. 656
  3. (2001) "Product Information. Adderall (amphetamine-dextroamphetamine)." Shire Richwood Pharmaceutical Company Inc
  4. (2001) "Product Information. Tenuate (diethylpropion)." Aventis Pharmaceuticals
  5. (2001) "Product Information. Sanorex (mazindol)." Novartis Pharmaceuticals
  6. (2001) "Product Information. Focalin (dexmethylphenidate)." Mikart Inc
  7. (2002) "Product Information. Strattera (atomoxetine)." Lilly, Eli and Company
Moderate

naproxen food

Applies to: naproxen / pseudoephedrine

MONITOR: Smoking cessation may lead to elevated plasma concentrations and enhanced pharmacologic effects of drugs that are substrates of CYP450 1A2 (and possibly CYP450 1A1) and/or certain drugs with a narrow therapeutic index (e.g., flecainide, pentazocine). One proposed mechanism is related to the loss of CYP450 1A2 and 1A1 induction by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tobacco smoke; when smoking cessation agents are initiated and smoking stops, the metabolism of certain drugs may decrease leading to increased plasma concentrations. The mechanism by which smoking cessation affects narrow therapeutic index drugs that are not known substrates of CYP450 1A2 or 1A1 is unknown. The clinical significance of this interaction is unknown as clinical data are lacking.

MANAGEMENT: Until more information is available, caution is advisable if smoking cessation agents are used concomitantly with drugs that are substrates of CYP450 1A2 or 1A1 and/or those with a narrow therapeutic range. Patients receiving smoking cessation agents may require periodic dose adjustments and closer clinical and laboratory monitoring of medications that are substrates of CYP450 1A2 or 1A1.

References (4)
  1. (2024) "Product Information. Cytisine (cytisinicline)." Consilient Health Ltd
  2. jeong sh, Newcombe D, sheridan j, Tingle M (2015) "Pharmacokinetics of cytisine, an a4 b2 nicotinic receptor partial agonist, in healthy smokers following a single dose." Drug Test Anal, 7, p. 475-82
  3. Vaughan DP, Beckett AH, Robbie DS (1976) "The influence of smoking on the intersubject variation in pentazocine elimination." Br J Clin Pharmacol, 3, p. 279-83
  4. Zevin S, Benowitz NL (1999) "Drug interactions with tobacco smoking: an update" Clin Pharmacokinet, 36, p. 425-38

Therapeutic duplication warnings

Therapeutic duplication is the use of more than one medicine from the same drug category or therapeutic class to treat the same condition. This can be intentional in cases where drugs with similar actions are used together for demonstrated therapeutic benefit. It can also be unintentional in cases where a patient has been treated by more than one doctor, or had prescriptions filled at more than one pharmacy, and can have potentially adverse consequences.

Duplication

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories

Therapeutic duplication

The recommended maximum number of medicines in the 'nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories' category to be taken concurrently is usually one. Your list includes two medicines belonging to the 'nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories' category:

  • naproxen/pseudoephedrine
  • piroxicam

Note: In certain circumstances, the benefits of taking this combination of drugs may outweigh any risks. Always consult your healthcare provider before making changes to your medications or dosage.

See also

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Drug Interaction Classification

These classifications are only a guideline. The relevance of a particular drug interaction to a specific individual is difficult to determine. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting or stopping any medication.
Major Highly clinically significant. Avoid combinations; the risk of the interaction outweighs the benefit.
Moderate Moderately clinically significant. Usually avoid combinations; use it only under special circumstances.
Minor Minimally clinically significant. Minimize risk; assess risk and consider an alternative drug, take steps to circumvent the interaction risk and/or institute a monitoring plan.
Unknown No interaction information available.

Further information

Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.

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