Drug Interactions between carvedilol and Kao-Tin Advanced Formula

Concurrent administration with aluminum and magnesium antacids has been shown to decrease the oral bioavailability of certain beta-blockers, although data are conflicting. The exact mechanism of interaction is unknown but may involve cation binding of beta-blockers or a reduction in the dissolution rate due to increased gastric pH. In six healthy volunteers, concomitant administration of a single dose of antacid (magnesium hydroxide-aluminum oxide 1200 mg-1800 mg) reduced the peak plasma concentration (Cmax), area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) and 24-hour urinary excretion of sotalol (160 mg) by 27%, 21% and 9%, respectively, while administration of the antacid 2 hours after the sotalol dose produced no change. Pharmacodynamic data suggest that the negative chronotropic effect of sotalol was also reduced up to 4 hours after administration of the combination, although the lack of a placebo control might have confounded the results. In another study, concomitant administration of an aluminum hydroxide antacid in six healthy volunteers decreased atenolol (100 mg) Cmax and AUC by 37% and 33%, respectively. However, the Cmax and AUC of metoprolol (100 mg) in the same group was increased 25% and 11%, respectively, by administration of the antacid. Two other studies with aluminum hydroxide failed to find a significant effect on pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of atenolol and propranolol. Based on available data, the clinical significance of this potential interaction is difficult to determine. As a precaution, patients may want to consider separating the administration times of beta-blockers and antacids or other aluminum- or magnesium-containing products by at least 2 hours.