Drug Interactions between Atrohist Plus and SudaHist
This report displays the potential drug interactions for the following 2 drugs:
- Atrohist Plus (atropine/chlorpheniramine/hyoscyamine/phenylephrine/phenylpropanolamine/scopolamine)
- SudaHist (chlorpheniramine/pseudoephedrine)
Interactions between your drugs
atropine chlorpheniramine
Applies to: Atrohist Plus (atropine / chlorpheniramine / hyoscyamine / phenylephrine / phenylpropanolamine / scopolamine) and Atrohist Plus (atropine / chlorpheniramine / hyoscyamine / phenylephrine / phenylpropanolamine / scopolamine) and SudaHist (chlorpheniramine / pseudoephedrine)
MONITOR: Agents with anticholinergic properties (e.g., sedating antihistamines; antispasmodics; neuroleptics; phenothiazines; skeletal muscle relaxants; tricyclic antidepressants; disopyramide) may have additive effects when used in combination. Excessive parasympatholytic effects may result in paralytic ileus, hyperthermia, heat stroke, and the anticholinergic intoxication syndrome. Peripheral symptoms of intoxication commonly include mydriasis, blurred vision, flushed face, fever, dry skin and mucous membranes, tachycardia, urinary retention, and constipation. Central symptoms may include memory loss, disorientation, incoherence, hallucinations, psychosis, delirium, hyperactivity, twitching or jerking movements, stereotypy, and seizures. Central nervous system-depressant effects may also be additively or synergistically increased when these agents are combined, especially in elderly or debilitated patients. Use of neuroleptics in combination with other neuroleptics or anticholinergic agents may increase the risk of tardive dyskinesia. In addition, some neuroleptics and tricyclic antidepressants may cause prolongation of the QT interval and theoretically, concurrent use of two or more drugs that can cause QT interval prolongation may result in additive effects and increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias including torsade de pointes and sudden death.
MANAGEMENT: Caution is advised when agents with anticholinergic properties are combined, particularly in the elderly and those with underlying organic brain disease, who tend to be more sensitive to the central anticholinergic effects of these drugs and in whom toxicity symptoms may be easily overlooked. Patients should be advised to notify their physician promptly if they experience potential symptoms of anticholinergic intoxication such as abdominal pain, fever, heat intolerance, blurred vision, confusion, and/or hallucinations. Ambulatory patients should be counseled to avoid activities requiring mental alertness until they know how these agents affect them. A reduction in anticholinergic dosages may be necessary if excessive adverse effects develop.
References
- Stadnyk AN, Glezos JD (1983) "Drug-induced heat stroke." Can Med Assoc J, 128, p. 957-9
- Zelman S, Guillan R (1970) "Heat stroke in phenothiazine-treated patients: a report of three fatalities." Am J Psychiatry, 126, p. 1787-90
- Mann SC, Boger WP (1978) "Psychotropic drugs, summer heat and humidity, and hyperplexia: a danger restated." Am J Psychiatry, 135, p. 1097-100
- Warnes H, Lehmann HE, Ban TA (1967) "Adynamic ileus during psychoactive medication: a report of three fatal and five severe cases." Can Med Assoc J, 96, p. 1112-3
- Gershon S, Neubauer H, Sundland DM (1965) "Interaction between some anticholinergic agents and phenothiazines." Clin Pharmacol Ther, 6, p. 749-56
- Sarnquist F, Larson CP Jr (1973) "Drug-induced heat stroke." Anesthesiology, 39, p. 348-50
- Johnson AL, Hollister LE, Berger PA (1981) "The anticholinergic intoxication syndrome: diagnosis and treatment." J Clin Psychiatry, 42, p. 313-7
- Lee BS (1986) "Possibility of hyperpyrexia with antipsychotic and anticholinergic drugs." J Clin Psychiatry, 47, p. 571
- Forester D (1978) "Fatal drug-induced heat stroke." JACEP, 7, p. 243-4
- Moreau A, Jones BD, Banno V (1986) "Chronic central anticholinergic toxicity in manic depressive illness mimicking dementia." Can J Psychiatry, 31, p. 339-41
- Hvizdos AJ, Bennett JA, Wells BG, Rappaport KB, Mendel SA (1983) "Anticholinergic psychosis in a patient receiving usual doses of haloperidol." Clin Pharm, 2, p. 174-8
- Cohen MA, Alfonso CA, Mosquera M (1994) "Development of urinary retention during treatment with clozapine and meclizine [published erratum appears in Am J Psychiatry 1994 Jun;151(6):952]." Am J Psychiatry, 151, p. 619-20
- (2001) "Product Information. Cogentin (benztropine)." Merck & Co., Inc
- Kulik AV, Wilbur R (1982) "Delirium and stereotypy from anticholinergic antiparkinson drugs." Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 6, p. 75-82
- (2001) "Product Information. Artane (trihexyphenidyl)." Lederle Laboratories
atropine phenylephrine
Applies to: Atrohist Plus (atropine / chlorpheniramine / hyoscyamine / phenylephrine / phenylpropanolamine / scopolamine) and Atrohist Plus (atropine / chlorpheniramine / hyoscyamine / phenylephrine / phenylpropanolamine / scopolamine)
MONITOR: The pressor response to phenylephrine may be potentiated by the vagolytic effect of atropine, which inhibits the reflex bradycardia that would normally accompany any increases in blood pressure induced by phenylephrine. Other antimuscarinic agents may also participate in this interaction, although clinical data are lacking. In one report, pseudo-pheochromocytoma (i.e., significant increases in blood pressure and tachycardia) occurred in seven patients who underwent eye surgery and were given phenylephrine 10% ophthalmic solution and systemic atropine, three of whom subsequently developed left ventricular failure and pulmonary edema that required intensive care monitoring. Two patients had preexisting hypertension, while others had no known history of cardiovascular disease. All had received general anesthesia with propofol, phenoperidine, and vecuronium. Since phenylephrine use alone may be associated with cardiovascular toxicities including hypertension, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction and cardiac failure, the extent of involvement by atropine is uncertain. The authors reported no further cardiovascular events following implementation of various measures that reduced phenylephrine dosage and systemic exposure, including: use of a milder strength of phenylephrine ophthalmic solution; swabbing to minimize drainage into the nasolachrymal duct to the nasal mucosa; and use of a cannula to reduce drop size. In a study of six healthy volunteers, diastolic and systolic blood pressure increased by 4 mmHg following administration of phenylephrine (0.42 mcg/kg/min), compared to 17 mmHg when phenylephrine was given after three doses of atropine (0.02, 0.01 and 0.01 mg/kg at 30 minute intervals).
MANAGEMENT: Caution is advised if phenylephrine (systemic or ophthalmic) is used in combination with atropine or other antimuscarinic agents. Cardiovascular status, including blood pressure and heart rate, should be closely monitored. When using ophthalmic formulations, measures to minimize systemic absorption should be employed, such as digital compression of the lacrimal sac or lid closure after instillation. A milder strength (< 10%) is preferable if phenylephrine ophthalmic solution is given.
References
- Daelman F, Andrejak M, Rajaonarivony D, Bryselbout E, Jezraoui P, Ossart M (1994) "Phenylephrine eyedrops, systemic atropine and cardiovascular adverse events." Therapie, 49, p. 467
- Fraunfelder FT, Fraunfelder FW; Randall JA (2001) "Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects" Boston, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann
- Lai YK (1989) "Adverse effect of intraoperative phenylephrine 10%: case report." Br J Ophthalmol, 73, p. 468-9
- Van Der Spek AF, Hantler CB (1986) "Phenylephrine eyedrops and anesthesia." Anesthesiology, 64, p. 812-4
- Levine MA, Leenen FH (1992) "Role of vagal activity in the cardiovascular responses to phenylephrine in man." Br J Clin Pharmacol, 33, p. 333-6
phenylephrine phenylpropanolamine
Applies to: Atrohist Plus (atropine / chlorpheniramine / hyoscyamine / phenylephrine / phenylpropanolamine / scopolamine) and Atrohist Plus (atropine / chlorpheniramine / hyoscyamine / phenylephrine / phenylpropanolamine / scopolamine)
MONITOR: Coadministration of two or more sympathomimetic agents may increase the risk of adverse effects such as nervousness, irritability, and increased heart rate. Central nervous system (CNS) stimulants, particularly amphetamines, can potentiate the adrenergic response to vasopressors and other sympathomimetic agents. Additive increases in blood pressure and heart rate may occur due to enhanced peripheral sympathetic activity.
MANAGEMENT: Caution is advised if two or more sympathomimetic agents are coadministered. Pulse and blood pressure should be closely monitored.
References
- Rosenblatt JE, Lake CR, van Kammen DP, Ziegler MG, Bunney WE Jr (1979) "Interactions of amphetamine, pimozide, and lithium on plasma norepineophrine and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in schizophrenic patients." Psychiatry Res, 1, p. 45-52
- Cavanaugh JH, Griffith JD, Oates JA (1970) "Effect of amphetamine on the pressor response to tyramine: formation of p-hydroxynorephedrine from amphetamine in man." Clin Pharmacol Ther, 11, p. 656
- (2001) "Product Information. Adderall (amphetamine-dextroamphetamine)." Shire Richwood Pharmaceutical Company Inc
- (2001) "Product Information. Tenuate (diethylpropion)." Aventis Pharmaceuticals
- (2001) "Product Information. Sanorex (mazindol)." Novartis Pharmaceuticals
- (2001) "Product Information. Focalin (dexmethylphenidate)." Mikart Inc
- (2002) "Product Information. Strattera (atomoxetine)." Lilly, Eli and Company
phenylephrine pseudoephedrine
Applies to: Atrohist Plus (atropine / chlorpheniramine / hyoscyamine / phenylephrine / phenylpropanolamine / scopolamine) and SudaHist (chlorpheniramine / pseudoephedrine)
MONITOR: Coadministration of two or more sympathomimetic agents may increase the risk of adverse effects such as nervousness, irritability, and increased heart rate. Central nervous system (CNS) stimulants, particularly amphetamines, can potentiate the adrenergic response to vasopressors and other sympathomimetic agents. Additive increases in blood pressure and heart rate may occur due to enhanced peripheral sympathetic activity.
MANAGEMENT: Caution is advised if two or more sympathomimetic agents are coadministered. Pulse and blood pressure should be closely monitored.
References
- Rosenblatt JE, Lake CR, van Kammen DP, Ziegler MG, Bunney WE Jr (1979) "Interactions of amphetamine, pimozide, and lithium on plasma norepineophrine and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in schizophrenic patients." Psychiatry Res, 1, p. 45-52
- Cavanaugh JH, Griffith JD, Oates JA (1970) "Effect of amphetamine on the pressor response to tyramine: formation of p-hydroxynorephedrine from amphetamine in man." Clin Pharmacol Ther, 11, p. 656
- (2001) "Product Information. Adderall (amphetamine-dextroamphetamine)." Shire Richwood Pharmaceutical Company Inc
- (2001) "Product Information. Tenuate (diethylpropion)." Aventis Pharmaceuticals
- (2001) "Product Information. Sanorex (mazindol)." Novartis Pharmaceuticals
- (2001) "Product Information. Focalin (dexmethylphenidate)." Mikart Inc
- (2002) "Product Information. Strattera (atomoxetine)." Lilly, Eli and Company
phenylpropanolamine pseudoephedrine
Applies to: Atrohist Plus (atropine / chlorpheniramine / hyoscyamine / phenylephrine / phenylpropanolamine / scopolamine) and SudaHist (chlorpheniramine / pseudoephedrine)
MONITOR: Coadministration of two or more sympathomimetic agents may increase the risk of adverse effects such as nervousness, irritability, and increased heart rate. Central nervous system (CNS) stimulants, particularly amphetamines, can potentiate the adrenergic response to vasopressors and other sympathomimetic agents. Additive increases in blood pressure and heart rate may occur due to enhanced peripheral sympathetic activity.
MANAGEMENT: Caution is advised if two or more sympathomimetic agents are coadministered. Pulse and blood pressure should be closely monitored.
References
- Rosenblatt JE, Lake CR, van Kammen DP, Ziegler MG, Bunney WE Jr (1979) "Interactions of amphetamine, pimozide, and lithium on plasma norepineophrine and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in schizophrenic patients." Psychiatry Res, 1, p. 45-52
- Cavanaugh JH, Griffith JD, Oates JA (1970) "Effect of amphetamine on the pressor response to tyramine: formation of p-hydroxynorephedrine from amphetamine in man." Clin Pharmacol Ther, 11, p. 656
- (2001) "Product Information. Adderall (amphetamine-dextroamphetamine)." Shire Richwood Pharmaceutical Company Inc
- (2001) "Product Information. Tenuate (diethylpropion)." Aventis Pharmaceuticals
- (2001) "Product Information. Sanorex (mazindol)." Novartis Pharmaceuticals
- (2001) "Product Information. Focalin (dexmethylphenidate)." Mikart Inc
- (2002) "Product Information. Strattera (atomoxetine)." Lilly, Eli and Company
atropine hyoscyamine
Applies to: Atrohist Plus (atropine / chlorpheniramine / hyoscyamine / phenylephrine / phenylpropanolamine / scopolamine) and Atrohist Plus (atropine / chlorpheniramine / hyoscyamine / phenylephrine / phenylpropanolamine / scopolamine)
MONITOR: Agents with anticholinergic properties (e.g., sedating antihistamines; antispasmodics; neuroleptics; phenothiazines; skeletal muscle relaxants; tricyclic antidepressants; disopyramide) may have additive effects when used in combination. Excessive parasympatholytic effects may result in paralytic ileus, hyperthermia, heat stroke, and the anticholinergic intoxication syndrome. Peripheral symptoms of intoxication commonly include mydriasis, blurred vision, flushed face, fever, dry skin and mucous membranes, tachycardia, urinary retention, and constipation. Central symptoms may include memory loss, disorientation, incoherence, hallucinations, psychosis, delirium, hyperactivity, twitching or jerking movements, stereotypy, and seizures. Central nervous system-depressant effects may also be additively or synergistically increased when these agents are combined, especially in elderly or debilitated patients. Use of neuroleptics in combination with other neuroleptics or anticholinergic agents may increase the risk of tardive dyskinesia. In addition, some neuroleptics and tricyclic antidepressants may cause prolongation of the QT interval and theoretically, concurrent use of two or more drugs that can cause QT interval prolongation may result in additive effects and increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias including torsade de pointes and sudden death.
MANAGEMENT: Caution is advised when agents with anticholinergic properties are combined, particularly in the elderly and those with underlying organic brain disease, who tend to be more sensitive to the central anticholinergic effects of these drugs and in whom toxicity symptoms may be easily overlooked. Patients should be advised to notify their physician promptly if they experience potential symptoms of anticholinergic intoxication such as abdominal pain, fever, heat intolerance, blurred vision, confusion, and/or hallucinations. Ambulatory patients should be counseled to avoid activities requiring mental alertness until they know how these agents affect them. A reduction in anticholinergic dosages may be necessary if excessive adverse effects develop.
References
- Stadnyk AN, Glezos JD (1983) "Drug-induced heat stroke." Can Med Assoc J, 128, p. 957-9
- Zelman S, Guillan R (1970) "Heat stroke in phenothiazine-treated patients: a report of three fatalities." Am J Psychiatry, 126, p. 1787-90
- Mann SC, Boger WP (1978) "Psychotropic drugs, summer heat and humidity, and hyperplexia: a danger restated." Am J Psychiatry, 135, p. 1097-100
- Warnes H, Lehmann HE, Ban TA (1967) "Adynamic ileus during psychoactive medication: a report of three fatal and five severe cases." Can Med Assoc J, 96, p. 1112-3
- Gershon S, Neubauer H, Sundland DM (1965) "Interaction between some anticholinergic agents and phenothiazines." Clin Pharmacol Ther, 6, p. 749-56
- Sarnquist F, Larson CP Jr (1973) "Drug-induced heat stroke." Anesthesiology, 39, p. 348-50
- Johnson AL, Hollister LE, Berger PA (1981) "The anticholinergic intoxication syndrome: diagnosis and treatment." J Clin Psychiatry, 42, p. 313-7
- Lee BS (1986) "Possibility of hyperpyrexia with antipsychotic and anticholinergic drugs." J Clin Psychiatry, 47, p. 571
- Forester D (1978) "Fatal drug-induced heat stroke." JACEP, 7, p. 243-4
- Moreau A, Jones BD, Banno V (1986) "Chronic central anticholinergic toxicity in manic depressive illness mimicking dementia." Can J Psychiatry, 31, p. 339-41
- Hvizdos AJ, Bennett JA, Wells BG, Rappaport KB, Mendel SA (1983) "Anticholinergic psychosis in a patient receiving usual doses of haloperidol." Clin Pharm, 2, p. 174-8
- Cohen MA, Alfonso CA, Mosquera M (1994) "Development of urinary retention during treatment with clozapine and meclizine [published erratum appears in Am J Psychiatry 1994 Jun;151(6):952]." Am J Psychiatry, 151, p. 619-20
- (2001) "Product Information. Cogentin (benztropine)." Merck & Co., Inc
- Kulik AV, Wilbur R (1982) "Delirium and stereotypy from anticholinergic antiparkinson drugs." Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 6, p. 75-82
- (2001) "Product Information. Artane (trihexyphenidyl)." Lederle Laboratories
chlorpheniramine hyoscyamine
Applies to: Atrohist Plus (atropine / chlorpheniramine / hyoscyamine / phenylephrine / phenylpropanolamine / scopolamine) and SudaHist (chlorpheniramine / pseudoephedrine) and Atrohist Plus (atropine / chlorpheniramine / hyoscyamine / phenylephrine / phenylpropanolamine / scopolamine)
MONITOR: Agents with anticholinergic properties (e.g., sedating antihistamines; antispasmodics; neuroleptics; phenothiazines; skeletal muscle relaxants; tricyclic antidepressants; disopyramide) may have additive effects when used in combination. Excessive parasympatholytic effects may result in paralytic ileus, hyperthermia, heat stroke, and the anticholinergic intoxication syndrome. Peripheral symptoms of intoxication commonly include mydriasis, blurred vision, flushed face, fever, dry skin and mucous membranes, tachycardia, urinary retention, and constipation. Central symptoms may include memory loss, disorientation, incoherence, hallucinations, psychosis, delirium, hyperactivity, twitching or jerking movements, stereotypy, and seizures. Central nervous system-depressant effects may also be additively or synergistically increased when these agents are combined, especially in elderly or debilitated patients. Use of neuroleptics in combination with other neuroleptics or anticholinergic agents may increase the risk of tardive dyskinesia. In addition, some neuroleptics and tricyclic antidepressants may cause prolongation of the QT interval and theoretically, concurrent use of two or more drugs that can cause QT interval prolongation may result in additive effects and increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias including torsade de pointes and sudden death.
MANAGEMENT: Caution is advised when agents with anticholinergic properties are combined, particularly in the elderly and those with underlying organic brain disease, who tend to be more sensitive to the central anticholinergic effects of these drugs and in whom toxicity symptoms may be easily overlooked. Patients should be advised to notify their physician promptly if they experience potential symptoms of anticholinergic intoxication such as abdominal pain, fever, heat intolerance, blurred vision, confusion, and/or hallucinations. Ambulatory patients should be counseled to avoid activities requiring mental alertness until they know how these agents affect them. A reduction in anticholinergic dosages may be necessary if excessive adverse effects develop.
References
- Stadnyk AN, Glezos JD (1983) "Drug-induced heat stroke." Can Med Assoc J, 128, p. 957-9
- Zelman S, Guillan R (1970) "Heat stroke in phenothiazine-treated patients: a report of three fatalities." Am J Psychiatry, 126, p. 1787-90
- Mann SC, Boger WP (1978) "Psychotropic drugs, summer heat and humidity, and hyperplexia: a danger restated." Am J Psychiatry, 135, p. 1097-100
- Warnes H, Lehmann HE, Ban TA (1967) "Adynamic ileus during psychoactive medication: a report of three fatal and five severe cases." Can Med Assoc J, 96, p. 1112-3
- Gershon S, Neubauer H, Sundland DM (1965) "Interaction between some anticholinergic agents and phenothiazines." Clin Pharmacol Ther, 6, p. 749-56
- Sarnquist F, Larson CP Jr (1973) "Drug-induced heat stroke." Anesthesiology, 39, p. 348-50
- Johnson AL, Hollister LE, Berger PA (1981) "The anticholinergic intoxication syndrome: diagnosis and treatment." J Clin Psychiatry, 42, p. 313-7
- Lee BS (1986) "Possibility of hyperpyrexia with antipsychotic and anticholinergic drugs." J Clin Psychiatry, 47, p. 571
- Forester D (1978) "Fatal drug-induced heat stroke." JACEP, 7, p. 243-4
- Moreau A, Jones BD, Banno V (1986) "Chronic central anticholinergic toxicity in manic depressive illness mimicking dementia." Can J Psychiatry, 31, p. 339-41
- Hvizdos AJ, Bennett JA, Wells BG, Rappaport KB, Mendel SA (1983) "Anticholinergic psychosis in a patient receiving usual doses of haloperidol." Clin Pharm, 2, p. 174-8
- Cohen MA, Alfonso CA, Mosquera M (1994) "Development of urinary retention during treatment with clozapine and meclizine [published erratum appears in Am J Psychiatry 1994 Jun;151(6):952]." Am J Psychiatry, 151, p. 619-20
- (2001) "Product Information. Cogentin (benztropine)." Merck & Co., Inc
- Kulik AV, Wilbur R (1982) "Delirium and stereotypy from anticholinergic antiparkinson drugs." Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 6, p. 75-82
- (2001) "Product Information. Artane (trihexyphenidyl)." Lederle Laboratories
phenylephrine hyoscyamine
Applies to: Atrohist Plus (atropine / chlorpheniramine / hyoscyamine / phenylephrine / phenylpropanolamine / scopolamine) and Atrohist Plus (atropine / chlorpheniramine / hyoscyamine / phenylephrine / phenylpropanolamine / scopolamine)
MONITOR: The pressor response to phenylephrine may be potentiated by the vagolytic effect of atropine, which inhibits the reflex bradycardia that would normally accompany any increases in blood pressure induced by phenylephrine. Other antimuscarinic agents may also participate in this interaction, although clinical data are lacking. In one report, pseudo-pheochromocytoma (i.e., significant increases in blood pressure and tachycardia) occurred in seven patients who underwent eye surgery and were given phenylephrine 10% ophthalmic solution and systemic atropine, three of whom subsequently developed left ventricular failure and pulmonary edema that required intensive care monitoring. Two patients had preexisting hypertension, while others had no known history of cardiovascular disease. All had received general anesthesia with propofol, phenoperidine, and vecuronium. Since phenylephrine use alone may be associated with cardiovascular toxicities including hypertension, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction and cardiac failure, the extent of involvement by atropine is uncertain. The authors reported no further cardiovascular events following implementation of various measures that reduced phenylephrine dosage and systemic exposure, including: use of a milder strength of phenylephrine ophthalmic solution; swabbing to minimize drainage into the nasolachrymal duct to the nasal mucosa; and use of a cannula to reduce drop size. In a study of six healthy volunteers, diastolic and systolic blood pressure increased by 4 mmHg following administration of phenylephrine (0.42 mcg/kg/min), compared to 17 mmHg when phenylephrine was given after three doses of atropine (0.02, 0.01 and 0.01 mg/kg at 30 minute intervals).
MANAGEMENT: Caution is advised if phenylephrine (systemic or ophthalmic) is used in combination with atropine or other antimuscarinic agents. Cardiovascular status, including blood pressure and heart rate, should be closely monitored. When using ophthalmic formulations, measures to minimize systemic absorption should be employed, such as digital compression of the lacrimal sac or lid closure after instillation. A milder strength (< 10%) is preferable if phenylephrine ophthalmic solution is given.
References
- Daelman F, Andrejak M, Rajaonarivony D, Bryselbout E, Jezraoui P, Ossart M (1994) "Phenylephrine eyedrops, systemic atropine and cardiovascular adverse events." Therapie, 49, p. 467
- Fraunfelder FT, Fraunfelder FW; Randall JA (2001) "Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects" Boston, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann
- Lai YK (1989) "Adverse effect of intraoperative phenylephrine 10%: case report." Br J Ophthalmol, 73, p. 468-9
- Van Der Spek AF, Hantler CB (1986) "Phenylephrine eyedrops and anesthesia." Anesthesiology, 64, p. 812-4
- Levine MA, Leenen FH (1992) "Role of vagal activity in the cardiovascular responses to phenylephrine in man." Br J Clin Pharmacol, 33, p. 333-6
atropine scopolamine
Applies to: Atrohist Plus (atropine / chlorpheniramine / hyoscyamine / phenylephrine / phenylpropanolamine / scopolamine) and Atrohist Plus (atropine / chlorpheniramine / hyoscyamine / phenylephrine / phenylpropanolamine / scopolamine)
MONITOR: Agents with anticholinergic properties (e.g., sedating antihistamines; antispasmodics; neuroleptics; phenothiazines; skeletal muscle relaxants; tricyclic antidepressants; disopyramide) may have additive effects when used in combination. Excessive parasympatholytic effects may result in paralytic ileus, hyperthermia, heat stroke, and the anticholinergic intoxication syndrome. Peripheral symptoms of intoxication commonly include mydriasis, blurred vision, flushed face, fever, dry skin and mucous membranes, tachycardia, urinary retention, and constipation. Central symptoms may include memory loss, disorientation, incoherence, hallucinations, psychosis, delirium, hyperactivity, twitching or jerking movements, stereotypy, and seizures. Central nervous system-depressant effects may also be additively or synergistically increased when these agents are combined, especially in elderly or debilitated patients. Use of neuroleptics in combination with other neuroleptics or anticholinergic agents may increase the risk of tardive dyskinesia. In addition, some neuroleptics and tricyclic antidepressants may cause prolongation of the QT interval and theoretically, concurrent use of two or more drugs that can cause QT interval prolongation may result in additive effects and increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias including torsade de pointes and sudden death.
MANAGEMENT: Caution is advised when agents with anticholinergic properties are combined, particularly in the elderly and those with underlying organic brain disease, who tend to be more sensitive to the central anticholinergic effects of these drugs and in whom toxicity symptoms may be easily overlooked. Patients should be advised to notify their physician promptly if they experience potential symptoms of anticholinergic intoxication such as abdominal pain, fever, heat intolerance, blurred vision, confusion, and/or hallucinations. Ambulatory patients should be counseled to avoid activities requiring mental alertness until they know how these agents affect them. A reduction in anticholinergic dosages may be necessary if excessive adverse effects develop.
References
- Stadnyk AN, Glezos JD (1983) "Drug-induced heat stroke." Can Med Assoc J, 128, p. 957-9
- Zelman S, Guillan R (1970) "Heat stroke in phenothiazine-treated patients: a report of three fatalities." Am J Psychiatry, 126, p. 1787-90
- Mann SC, Boger WP (1978) "Psychotropic drugs, summer heat and humidity, and hyperplexia: a danger restated." Am J Psychiatry, 135, p. 1097-100
- Warnes H, Lehmann HE, Ban TA (1967) "Adynamic ileus during psychoactive medication: a report of three fatal and five severe cases." Can Med Assoc J, 96, p. 1112-3
- Gershon S, Neubauer H, Sundland DM (1965) "Interaction between some anticholinergic agents and phenothiazines." Clin Pharmacol Ther, 6, p. 749-56
- Sarnquist F, Larson CP Jr (1973) "Drug-induced heat stroke." Anesthesiology, 39, p. 348-50
- Johnson AL, Hollister LE, Berger PA (1981) "The anticholinergic intoxication syndrome: diagnosis and treatment." J Clin Psychiatry, 42, p. 313-7
- Lee BS (1986) "Possibility of hyperpyrexia with antipsychotic and anticholinergic drugs." J Clin Psychiatry, 47, p. 571
- Forester D (1978) "Fatal drug-induced heat stroke." JACEP, 7, p. 243-4
- Moreau A, Jones BD, Banno V (1986) "Chronic central anticholinergic toxicity in manic depressive illness mimicking dementia." Can J Psychiatry, 31, p. 339-41
- Hvizdos AJ, Bennett JA, Wells BG, Rappaport KB, Mendel SA (1983) "Anticholinergic psychosis in a patient receiving usual doses of haloperidol." Clin Pharm, 2, p. 174-8
- Cohen MA, Alfonso CA, Mosquera M (1994) "Development of urinary retention during treatment with clozapine and meclizine [published erratum appears in Am J Psychiatry 1994 Jun;151(6):952]." Am J Psychiatry, 151, p. 619-20
- (2001) "Product Information. Cogentin (benztropine)." Merck & Co., Inc
- Kulik AV, Wilbur R (1982) "Delirium and stereotypy from anticholinergic antiparkinson drugs." Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 6, p. 75-82
- (2001) "Product Information. Artane (trihexyphenidyl)." Lederle Laboratories
chlorpheniramine scopolamine
Applies to: Atrohist Plus (atropine / chlorpheniramine / hyoscyamine / phenylephrine / phenylpropanolamine / scopolamine) and SudaHist (chlorpheniramine / pseudoephedrine) and Atrohist Plus (atropine / chlorpheniramine / hyoscyamine / phenylephrine / phenylpropanolamine / scopolamine)
MONITOR: Agents with anticholinergic properties (e.g., sedating antihistamines; antispasmodics; neuroleptics; phenothiazines; skeletal muscle relaxants; tricyclic antidepressants; disopyramide) may have additive effects when used in combination. Excessive parasympatholytic effects may result in paralytic ileus, hyperthermia, heat stroke, and the anticholinergic intoxication syndrome. Peripheral symptoms of intoxication commonly include mydriasis, blurred vision, flushed face, fever, dry skin and mucous membranes, tachycardia, urinary retention, and constipation. Central symptoms may include memory loss, disorientation, incoherence, hallucinations, psychosis, delirium, hyperactivity, twitching or jerking movements, stereotypy, and seizures. Central nervous system-depressant effects may also be additively or synergistically increased when these agents are combined, especially in elderly or debilitated patients. Use of neuroleptics in combination with other neuroleptics or anticholinergic agents may increase the risk of tardive dyskinesia. In addition, some neuroleptics and tricyclic antidepressants may cause prolongation of the QT interval and theoretically, concurrent use of two or more drugs that can cause QT interval prolongation may result in additive effects and increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias including torsade de pointes and sudden death.
MANAGEMENT: Caution is advised when agents with anticholinergic properties are combined, particularly in the elderly and those with underlying organic brain disease, who tend to be more sensitive to the central anticholinergic effects of these drugs and in whom toxicity symptoms may be easily overlooked. Patients should be advised to notify their physician promptly if they experience potential symptoms of anticholinergic intoxication such as abdominal pain, fever, heat intolerance, blurred vision, confusion, and/or hallucinations. Ambulatory patients should be counseled to avoid activities requiring mental alertness until they know how these agents affect them. A reduction in anticholinergic dosages may be necessary if excessive adverse effects develop.
References
- Stadnyk AN, Glezos JD (1983) "Drug-induced heat stroke." Can Med Assoc J, 128, p. 957-9
- Zelman S, Guillan R (1970) "Heat stroke in phenothiazine-treated patients: a report of three fatalities." Am J Psychiatry, 126, p. 1787-90
- Mann SC, Boger WP (1978) "Psychotropic drugs, summer heat and humidity, and hyperplexia: a danger restated." Am J Psychiatry, 135, p. 1097-100
- Warnes H, Lehmann HE, Ban TA (1967) "Adynamic ileus during psychoactive medication: a report of three fatal and five severe cases." Can Med Assoc J, 96, p. 1112-3
- Gershon S, Neubauer H, Sundland DM (1965) "Interaction between some anticholinergic agents and phenothiazines." Clin Pharmacol Ther, 6, p. 749-56
- Sarnquist F, Larson CP Jr (1973) "Drug-induced heat stroke." Anesthesiology, 39, p. 348-50
- Johnson AL, Hollister LE, Berger PA (1981) "The anticholinergic intoxication syndrome: diagnosis and treatment." J Clin Psychiatry, 42, p. 313-7
- Lee BS (1986) "Possibility of hyperpyrexia with antipsychotic and anticholinergic drugs." J Clin Psychiatry, 47, p. 571
- Forester D (1978) "Fatal drug-induced heat stroke." JACEP, 7, p. 243-4
- Moreau A, Jones BD, Banno V (1986) "Chronic central anticholinergic toxicity in manic depressive illness mimicking dementia." Can J Psychiatry, 31, p. 339-41
- Hvizdos AJ, Bennett JA, Wells BG, Rappaport KB, Mendel SA (1983) "Anticholinergic psychosis in a patient receiving usual doses of haloperidol." Clin Pharm, 2, p. 174-8
- Cohen MA, Alfonso CA, Mosquera M (1994) "Development of urinary retention during treatment with clozapine and meclizine [published erratum appears in Am J Psychiatry 1994 Jun;151(6):952]." Am J Psychiatry, 151, p. 619-20
- (2001) "Product Information. Cogentin (benztropine)." Merck & Co., Inc
- Kulik AV, Wilbur R (1982) "Delirium and stereotypy from anticholinergic antiparkinson drugs." Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 6, p. 75-82
- (2001) "Product Information. Artane (trihexyphenidyl)." Lederle Laboratories
phenylephrine scopolamine
Applies to: Atrohist Plus (atropine / chlorpheniramine / hyoscyamine / phenylephrine / phenylpropanolamine / scopolamine) and Atrohist Plus (atropine / chlorpheniramine / hyoscyamine / phenylephrine / phenylpropanolamine / scopolamine)
MONITOR: The pressor response to phenylephrine may be potentiated by the vagolytic effect of atropine, which inhibits the reflex bradycardia that would normally accompany any increases in blood pressure induced by phenylephrine. Other antimuscarinic agents may also participate in this interaction, although clinical data are lacking. In one report, pseudo-pheochromocytoma (i.e., significant increases in blood pressure and tachycardia) occurred in seven patients who underwent eye surgery and were given phenylephrine 10% ophthalmic solution and systemic atropine, three of whom subsequently developed left ventricular failure and pulmonary edema that required intensive care monitoring. Two patients had preexisting hypertension, while others had no known history of cardiovascular disease. All had received general anesthesia with propofol, phenoperidine, and vecuronium. Since phenylephrine use alone may be associated with cardiovascular toxicities including hypertension, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction and cardiac failure, the extent of involvement by atropine is uncertain. The authors reported no further cardiovascular events following implementation of various measures that reduced phenylephrine dosage and systemic exposure, including: use of a milder strength of phenylephrine ophthalmic solution; swabbing to minimize drainage into the nasolachrymal duct to the nasal mucosa; and use of a cannula to reduce drop size. In a study of six healthy volunteers, diastolic and systolic blood pressure increased by 4 mmHg following administration of phenylephrine (0.42 mcg/kg/min), compared to 17 mmHg when phenylephrine was given after three doses of atropine (0.02, 0.01 and 0.01 mg/kg at 30 minute intervals).
MANAGEMENT: Caution is advised if phenylephrine (systemic or ophthalmic) is used in combination with atropine or other antimuscarinic agents. Cardiovascular status, including blood pressure and heart rate, should be closely monitored. When using ophthalmic formulations, measures to minimize systemic absorption should be employed, such as digital compression of the lacrimal sac or lid closure after instillation. A milder strength (< 10%) is preferable if phenylephrine ophthalmic solution is given.
References
- Daelman F, Andrejak M, Rajaonarivony D, Bryselbout E, Jezraoui P, Ossart M (1994) "Phenylephrine eyedrops, systemic atropine and cardiovascular adverse events." Therapie, 49, p. 467
- Fraunfelder FT, Fraunfelder FW; Randall JA (2001) "Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects" Boston, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann
- Lai YK (1989) "Adverse effect of intraoperative phenylephrine 10%: case report." Br J Ophthalmol, 73, p. 468-9
- Van Der Spek AF, Hantler CB (1986) "Phenylephrine eyedrops and anesthesia." Anesthesiology, 64, p. 812-4
- Levine MA, Leenen FH (1992) "Role of vagal activity in the cardiovascular responses to phenylephrine in man." Br J Clin Pharmacol, 33, p. 333-6
hyoscyamine scopolamine
Applies to: Atrohist Plus (atropine / chlorpheniramine / hyoscyamine / phenylephrine / phenylpropanolamine / scopolamine) and Atrohist Plus (atropine / chlorpheniramine / hyoscyamine / phenylephrine / phenylpropanolamine / scopolamine)
MONITOR: Agents with anticholinergic properties (e.g., sedating antihistamines; antispasmodics; neuroleptics; phenothiazines; skeletal muscle relaxants; tricyclic antidepressants; disopyramide) may have additive effects when used in combination. Excessive parasympatholytic effects may result in paralytic ileus, hyperthermia, heat stroke, and the anticholinergic intoxication syndrome. Peripheral symptoms of intoxication commonly include mydriasis, blurred vision, flushed face, fever, dry skin and mucous membranes, tachycardia, urinary retention, and constipation. Central symptoms may include memory loss, disorientation, incoherence, hallucinations, psychosis, delirium, hyperactivity, twitching or jerking movements, stereotypy, and seizures. Central nervous system-depressant effects may also be additively or synergistically increased when these agents are combined, especially in elderly or debilitated patients. Use of neuroleptics in combination with other neuroleptics or anticholinergic agents may increase the risk of tardive dyskinesia. In addition, some neuroleptics and tricyclic antidepressants may cause prolongation of the QT interval and theoretically, concurrent use of two or more drugs that can cause QT interval prolongation may result in additive effects and increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias including torsade de pointes and sudden death.
MANAGEMENT: Caution is advised when agents with anticholinergic properties are combined, particularly in the elderly and those with underlying organic brain disease, who tend to be more sensitive to the central anticholinergic effects of these drugs and in whom toxicity symptoms may be easily overlooked. Patients should be advised to notify their physician promptly if they experience potential symptoms of anticholinergic intoxication such as abdominal pain, fever, heat intolerance, blurred vision, confusion, and/or hallucinations. Ambulatory patients should be counseled to avoid activities requiring mental alertness until they know how these agents affect them. A reduction in anticholinergic dosages may be necessary if excessive adverse effects develop.
References
- Stadnyk AN, Glezos JD (1983) "Drug-induced heat stroke." Can Med Assoc J, 128, p. 957-9
- Zelman S, Guillan R (1970) "Heat stroke in phenothiazine-treated patients: a report of three fatalities." Am J Psychiatry, 126, p. 1787-90
- Mann SC, Boger WP (1978) "Psychotropic drugs, summer heat and humidity, and hyperplexia: a danger restated." Am J Psychiatry, 135, p. 1097-100
- Warnes H, Lehmann HE, Ban TA (1967) "Adynamic ileus during psychoactive medication: a report of three fatal and five severe cases." Can Med Assoc J, 96, p. 1112-3
- Gershon S, Neubauer H, Sundland DM (1965) "Interaction between some anticholinergic agents and phenothiazines." Clin Pharmacol Ther, 6, p. 749-56
- Sarnquist F, Larson CP Jr (1973) "Drug-induced heat stroke." Anesthesiology, 39, p. 348-50
- Johnson AL, Hollister LE, Berger PA (1981) "The anticholinergic intoxication syndrome: diagnosis and treatment." J Clin Psychiatry, 42, p. 313-7
- Lee BS (1986) "Possibility of hyperpyrexia with antipsychotic and anticholinergic drugs." J Clin Psychiatry, 47, p. 571
- Forester D (1978) "Fatal drug-induced heat stroke." JACEP, 7, p. 243-4
- Moreau A, Jones BD, Banno V (1986) "Chronic central anticholinergic toxicity in manic depressive illness mimicking dementia." Can J Psychiatry, 31, p. 339-41
- Hvizdos AJ, Bennett JA, Wells BG, Rappaport KB, Mendel SA (1983) "Anticholinergic psychosis in a patient receiving usual doses of haloperidol." Clin Pharm, 2, p. 174-8
- Cohen MA, Alfonso CA, Mosquera M (1994) "Development of urinary retention during treatment with clozapine and meclizine [published erratum appears in Am J Psychiatry 1994 Jun;151(6):952]." Am J Psychiatry, 151, p. 619-20
- (2001) "Product Information. Cogentin (benztropine)." Merck & Co., Inc
- Kulik AV, Wilbur R (1982) "Delirium and stereotypy from anticholinergic antiparkinson drugs." Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 6, p. 75-82
- (2001) "Product Information. Artane (trihexyphenidyl)." Lederle Laboratories
Drug and food interactions
chlorpheniramine food
Applies to: Atrohist Plus (atropine / chlorpheniramine / hyoscyamine / phenylephrine / phenylpropanolamine / scopolamine) and SudaHist (chlorpheniramine / pseudoephedrine)
GENERALLY AVOID: Alcohol may potentiate some of the pharmacologic effects of CNS-active agents. Use in combination may result in additive central nervous system depression and/or impairment of judgment, thinking, and psychomotor skills.
MANAGEMENT: Patients receiving CNS-active agents should be warned of this interaction and advised to avoid or limit consumption of alcohol. Ambulatory patients should be counseled to avoid hazardous activities requiring complete mental alertness and motor coordination until they know how these agents affect them, and to notify their physician if they experience excessive or prolonged CNS effects that interfere with their normal activities.
References
- Warrington SJ, Ankier SI, Turner P (1986) "Evaluation of possible interactions between ethanol and trazodone or amitriptyline." Neuropsychobiology, 15, p. 31-7
- Gilman AG, eds., Nies AS, Rall TW, Taylor P (1990) "Goodman and Gilman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics." New York, NY: Pergamon Press Inc.
- (2012) "Product Information. Fycompa (perampanel)." Eisai Inc
- (2015) "Product Information. Rexulti (brexpiprazole)." Otsuka American Pharmaceuticals Inc
phenylpropanolamine food
Applies to: Atrohist Plus (atropine / chlorpheniramine / hyoscyamine / phenylephrine / phenylpropanolamine / scopolamine)
GENERALLY AVOID: Alcohol may potentiate the central nervous system and cardiovascular effects of centrally-acting appetite suppressants. In one study, concurrent administration of methamphetamine (30 mg intravenously) and ethanol (1 gm/kg orally over 30 minutes) increased heart rate by 24 beats/minute compared to methamphetamine alone. This increases cardiac work and myocardial oxygen consumption, which may lead to more adverse cardiovascular effects than either agent alone. Subjective effects of ethanol were diminished in the eight study subjects, but those of methamphetamine were not affected. The pharmacokinetics of methamphetamine were also unaffected except for a decrease in the apparent volume of distribution at steady state.
MANAGEMENT: Concomitant use of centrally-acting appetite suppressants and alcohol should be avoided if possible, especially in patients with a history of cardiovascular disease. Patients should be counselled to avoid hazardous activities requiring complete mental alertness and motor coordination until they know how these agents affect them, and to notify their physician if they experience excessive or prolonged CNS effects that interfere with their normal activities.
References
- Mendelson J, Jones RT, Upton R, Jacob P 3rd (1995) "Methamphetamine and ethanol interactions in humans." Clin Pharmacol Ther, 57, p. 559-68
- (2001) "Product Information. Didrex (benzphetamine)." Pharmacia and Upjohn
- (2012) "Product Information. Suprenza (phentermine)." Akrimax Pharmaceuticals
atropine food
Applies to: Atrohist Plus (atropine / chlorpheniramine / hyoscyamine / phenylephrine / phenylpropanolamine / scopolamine)
GENERALLY AVOID: Use of anticholinergic agents with alcohol may result in sufficient impairment of attention so as to render driving and operating machinery more hazardous. In addition, the potential for abuse may be increased with the combination. The mechanism of interaction is not established but may involve additive depressant effects on the central nervous system. No effect of oral propantheline or atropine on blood alcohol levels was observed in healthy volunteers when administered before ingestion of a standard ethanol load. However, one study found impairment of attention in subjects given atropine 0.5 mg or glycopyrrolate 1 mg in combination with alcohol.
MANAGEMENT: Alcohol should generally be avoided during therapy with anticholinergic agents. Patients should be counseled to avoid activities requiring mental alertness until they know how these agents affect them.
References
- Linnoila M (1973) "Drug effects on psychomotor skills related to driving: interaction of atropine, glycopyrrhonium and alcohol." Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 6, p. 107-12
hyoscyamine food
Applies to: Atrohist Plus (atropine / chlorpheniramine / hyoscyamine / phenylephrine / phenylpropanolamine / scopolamine)
GENERALLY AVOID: Use of anticholinergic agents with alcohol may result in sufficient impairment of attention so as to render driving and operating machinery more hazardous. In addition, the potential for abuse may be increased with the combination. The mechanism of interaction is not established but may involve additive depressant effects on the central nervous system. No effect of oral propantheline or atropine on blood alcohol levels was observed in healthy volunteers when administered before ingestion of a standard ethanol load. However, one study found impairment of attention in subjects given atropine 0.5 mg or glycopyrrolate 1 mg in combination with alcohol.
MANAGEMENT: Alcohol should generally be avoided during therapy with anticholinergic agents. Patients should be counseled to avoid activities requiring mental alertness until they know how these agents affect them.
References
- Linnoila M (1973) "Drug effects on psychomotor skills related to driving: interaction of atropine, glycopyrrhonium and alcohol." Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 6, p. 107-12
scopolamine food
Applies to: Atrohist Plus (atropine / chlorpheniramine / hyoscyamine / phenylephrine / phenylpropanolamine / scopolamine)
GENERALLY AVOID: Use of anticholinergic agents with alcohol may result in sufficient impairment of attention so as to render driving and operating machinery more hazardous. In addition, the potential for abuse may be increased with the combination. The mechanism of interaction is not established but may involve additive depressant effects on the central nervous system. No effect of oral propantheline or atropine on blood alcohol levels was observed in healthy volunteers when administered before ingestion of a standard ethanol load. However, one study found impairment of attention in subjects given atropine 0.5 mg or glycopyrrolate 1 mg in combination with alcohol.
MANAGEMENT: Alcohol should generally be avoided during therapy with anticholinergic agents. Patients should be counseled to avoid activities requiring mental alertness until they know how these agents affect them.
References
- Linnoila M (1973) "Drug effects on psychomotor skills related to driving: interaction of atropine, glycopyrrhonium and alcohol." Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 6, p. 107-12
phenylephrine food
Applies to: Atrohist Plus (atropine / chlorpheniramine / hyoscyamine / phenylephrine / phenylpropanolamine / scopolamine)
MONITOR: Coadministration of two or more sympathomimetic agents may increase the risk of adverse effects such as nervousness, irritability, and increased heart rate. Central nervous system (CNS) stimulants, particularly amphetamines, can potentiate the adrenergic response to vasopressors and other sympathomimetic agents. Additive increases in blood pressure and heart rate may occur due to enhanced peripheral sympathetic activity.
MANAGEMENT: Caution is advised if two or more sympathomimetic agents are coadministered. Pulse and blood pressure should be closely monitored.
References
- Rosenblatt JE, Lake CR, van Kammen DP, Ziegler MG, Bunney WE Jr (1979) "Interactions of amphetamine, pimozide, and lithium on plasma norepineophrine and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in schizophrenic patients." Psychiatry Res, 1, p. 45-52
- Cavanaugh JH, Griffith JD, Oates JA (1970) "Effect of amphetamine on the pressor response to tyramine: formation of p-hydroxynorephedrine from amphetamine in man." Clin Pharmacol Ther, 11, p. 656
- (2001) "Product Information. Adderall (amphetamine-dextroamphetamine)." Shire Richwood Pharmaceutical Company Inc
- (2001) "Product Information. Tenuate (diethylpropion)." Aventis Pharmaceuticals
- (2001) "Product Information. Sanorex (mazindol)." Novartis Pharmaceuticals
- (2001) "Product Information. Focalin (dexmethylphenidate)." Mikart Inc
- (2002) "Product Information. Strattera (atomoxetine)." Lilly, Eli and Company
phenylpropanolamine food
Applies to: Atrohist Plus (atropine / chlorpheniramine / hyoscyamine / phenylephrine / phenylpropanolamine / scopolamine)
MONITOR: Coadministration of two or more sympathomimetic agents may increase the risk of adverse effects such as nervousness, irritability, and increased heart rate. Central nervous system (CNS) stimulants, particularly amphetamines, can potentiate the adrenergic response to vasopressors and other sympathomimetic agents. Additive increases in blood pressure and heart rate may occur due to enhanced peripheral sympathetic activity.
MANAGEMENT: Caution is advised if two or more sympathomimetic agents are coadministered. Pulse and blood pressure should be closely monitored.
References
- Rosenblatt JE, Lake CR, van Kammen DP, Ziegler MG, Bunney WE Jr (1979) "Interactions of amphetamine, pimozide, and lithium on plasma norepineophrine and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in schizophrenic patients." Psychiatry Res, 1, p. 45-52
- Cavanaugh JH, Griffith JD, Oates JA (1970) "Effect of amphetamine on the pressor response to tyramine: formation of p-hydroxynorephedrine from amphetamine in man." Clin Pharmacol Ther, 11, p. 656
- (2001) "Product Information. Adderall (amphetamine-dextroamphetamine)." Shire Richwood Pharmaceutical Company Inc
- (2001) "Product Information. Tenuate (diethylpropion)." Aventis Pharmaceuticals
- (2001) "Product Information. Sanorex (mazindol)." Novartis Pharmaceuticals
- (2001) "Product Information. Focalin (dexmethylphenidate)." Mikart Inc
- (2002) "Product Information. Strattera (atomoxetine)." Lilly, Eli and Company
pseudoephedrine food
Applies to: SudaHist (chlorpheniramine / pseudoephedrine)
MONITOR: Coadministration of two or more sympathomimetic agents may increase the risk of adverse effects such as nervousness, irritability, and increased heart rate. Central nervous system (CNS) stimulants, particularly amphetamines, can potentiate the adrenergic response to vasopressors and other sympathomimetic agents. Additive increases in blood pressure and heart rate may occur due to enhanced peripheral sympathetic activity.
MANAGEMENT: Caution is advised if two or more sympathomimetic agents are coadministered. Pulse and blood pressure should be closely monitored.
References
- Rosenblatt JE, Lake CR, van Kammen DP, Ziegler MG, Bunney WE Jr (1979) "Interactions of amphetamine, pimozide, and lithium on plasma norepineophrine and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in schizophrenic patients." Psychiatry Res, 1, p. 45-52
- Cavanaugh JH, Griffith JD, Oates JA (1970) "Effect of amphetamine on the pressor response to tyramine: formation of p-hydroxynorephedrine from amphetamine in man." Clin Pharmacol Ther, 11, p. 656
- (2001) "Product Information. Adderall (amphetamine-dextroamphetamine)." Shire Richwood Pharmaceutical Company Inc
- (2001) "Product Information. Tenuate (diethylpropion)." Aventis Pharmaceuticals
- (2001) "Product Information. Sanorex (mazindol)." Novartis Pharmaceuticals
- (2001) "Product Information. Focalin (dexmethylphenidate)." Mikart Inc
- (2002) "Product Information. Strattera (atomoxetine)." Lilly, Eli and Company
scopolamine food
Applies to: Atrohist Plus (atropine / chlorpheniramine / hyoscyamine / phenylephrine / phenylpropanolamine / scopolamine)
The coadministration with grapefruit juice may delay the absorption and increase the bioavailability of oral scopolamine. The proposed mechanism is delay of gastric emptying as well as inhibition of CYP450 3A4-mediated first-pass metabolism in the gut wall induced by certain compounds present in grapefruits. In an open-label, crossover study consisting of 14 subjects, the consumption of grapefruit juice (compared to water) was associated with a 30% increase in mean systemic bioavailability and a 153% increase in time to reach peak serum concentration (Tmax) of scopolamine. However, the perceived pharmacodynamic effect of the drug, as measured by % change in subjective alertness compared to baseline, was similar after coadministration with water and grapefruit juice. Based on these findings, grapefruit juice is unlikely to affect the overall safety profile of of scopolamine but may delay its onset of action following oral administration. However, as with other drug interactions involving grapefruit juice, the pharmacokinetic alterations are subject to a high degree of interpatient variability.
References
- Ebert U, Oertel R, Kirch W (2000) "Influence of grapefruit juice on scopolamine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in healthy male and female subjects." Int J Clin Pharm Therapeutics, 38, p. 523-31
Therapeutic duplication warnings
Therapeutic duplication is the use of more than one medicine from the same drug category or therapeutic class to treat the same condition. This can be intentional in cases where drugs with similar actions are used together for demonstrated therapeutic benefit. It can also be unintentional in cases where a patient has been treated by more than one doctor, or had prescriptions filled at more than one pharmacy, and can have potentially adverse consequences.
Antihistamines
Therapeutic duplication
The recommended maximum number of medicines in the 'antihistamines' category to be taken concurrently is usually one. Your list includes two medicines belonging to the 'antihistamines' category:
- Atrohist Plus (atropine/chlorpheniramine/hyoscyamine/phenylephrine/phenylpropanolamine/scopolamine)
- SudaHist (chlorpheniramine/pseudoephedrine)
Note: In certain circumstances, the benefits of taking this combination of drugs may outweigh any risks. Always consult your healthcare provider before making changes to your medications or dosage.
Decongestants
Therapeutic duplication
The recommended maximum number of medicines in the 'decongestants' category to be taken concurrently is usually one. Your list includes two medicines belonging to the 'decongestants' category:
- Atrohist Plus (atropine/chlorpheniramine/hyoscyamine/phenylephrine/phenylpropanolamine/scopolamine)
- SudaHist (chlorpheniramine/pseudoephedrine)
Note: In certain circumstances, the benefits of taking this combination of drugs may outweigh any risks. Always consult your healthcare provider before making changes to your medications or dosage.
Drug Interaction Classification
Highly clinically significant. Avoid combinations; the risk of the interaction outweighs the benefit. | |
Moderately clinically significant. Usually avoid combinations; use it only under special circumstances. | |
Minimally clinically significant. Minimize risk; assess risk and consider an alternative drug, take steps to circumvent the interaction risk and/or institute a monitoring plan. | |
No interaction information available. |
Further information
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