Drug Interactions between atovaquone / proguanil and bedaquiline

GENERALLY AVOID: Coadministration of bedaquiline with other agents known to induce hepatotoxicity may potentiate the risk of liver injury. In clinical trials, hepatic adverse drug reactions developed in more bedaquiline-treated patients than in those who received other drugs used to treat tuberculosis. In patients receiving bedaquiline or placebo in combination with other drugs used to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, reversible aminotransferase elevations of at least 3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) developed more frequently in the bedaquiline treatment group [10.8%] than in the placebo group [5.7%].

MANAGEMENT: The use of bedaquiline with other potentially hepatotoxic agents should be avoided whenever possible (e.g., acetaminophen; alcohol; androgens and anabolic steroids; other antituberculous agents; azole antifungal agents; ACE inhibitors; disulfiram; endothelin receptor antagonists; ketolide and macrolide antibiotics; interferons; kinase inhibitors; minocycline; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents; nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; proteasome inhibitors; retinoids; sulfonamides; tamoxifen; thiazolidinediones; tolvaptan; vincristine; zileuton; anticonvulsants such as carbamazepine, hydantoins, felbamate, and valproic acid; lipid-lowering medications such as fenofibrate, lomitapide, mipomersen, niacin, and statins; herbals and nutritional supplements such as black cohosh, chaparral, comfrey, DHEA, kava, pennyroyal oil, and red yeast rice), especially in patients with diminished hepatic reserve. Patients treated with bedaquiline should have serum ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin monitored at baseline and monthly during treatment, or as often as needed. An increase of serum aminotransferases to greater than 3 times ULN should be followed by repeat testing within 48 hours. Patients should be advised to seek medical attention if they experience potential signs and symptoms of hepatotoxicity such as fever, rash, itching, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, malaise, right upper quadrant pain, dark urine, pale stools, and jaundice. Discontinue bedaquiline if aminotransferase elevations are accompanied by total bilirubin elevation greater than 2 times ULN, aminotransferase elevations are greater than 8 times ULN, or aminotransferase elevations persist beyond 2 weeks.