Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on Apr 2, 2024.
What is tumor lysis syndrome?
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a condition that happens when cancer cells die quickly. Dying cells release large amounts of potassium, phosphate, and uric acid into the blood. This can cause heart or kidney problems and lead to kidney failure. TLS can become life-threatening if is not managed or treated. It most commonly happens after chemotherapy or radiation treatment, but may also occur after other forms of cancer treatment.
What are the signs and symptoms of TLS?
- Fatigue or confusion
- Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea
- Muscle weakness, cramps, or spasms
- Tingling around your mouth or in your hands or feet
- A feeling that your heart flutters, or beats faster or slower than normal
- Seizures
How is TLS diagnosed?
Blood tests are done to check potassium, calcium, phosphate, and uric acid levels. They also help healthcare providers monitor your kidney function.
How is TLS treated?
- Liquids are given to help you stay hydrated and urinate more . These may be given orally or through an IV.
- Medicines help decrease potassium and uric acid levels in your blood. Medicine may also be given to help you urinate more.
- Dialysis may be needed to decrease potassium levels in your blood. It also helps protect your heart and kidneys.
How can I help manage TLS symptoms?
- Increase liquids as directed. Ask your healthcare provider how much and what you should drink.
- Limit caffeine, alcohol, aspirin, and vitamin C. These increase uric acid levels. High uric acid levels increase your risk of kidney stones or kidney failure.
When should I contact my healthcare provider?
- You have questions or concerns about your condition or care.
When should I seek immediate care or call 911?
- You have a seizure.
- You feel your heart flutter, or beat faster or slower than normal.
- You vomit repeatedly.
- You have tingling around your mouth or in your hands or feet.
- You have muscle weakness, cramps, or spasms.
- You are fatigued or confused.
- You have blood in your urine.
- You urinate less than normal for you or not at all.
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Further information
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