RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) Infection

Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on Dec 2, 2024.

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What do I need to know about respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)?

RSV causes infection in your nose, throat, lungs, and airways. An RSV infection causes the airways to become swollen and filled with fluid and mucus. This infection may make it hard for you to breathe. An RSV infection is most common from fall through spring. An RSV infection may lead to other lung problems, such as pneumonia or bronchiolitis.

How does the virus spread?

RSV is highly contagious. Germs may be spread to others through coughing, sneezing, or close contact. Germs may be left on objects such as counters, doorknobs, or beds. You can get infected by touching objects that carry the virus and then rubbing your eyes or nose.

What increases my risk for a severe RSV infection?

• A weak immune system
• A heart or lung problem
• Smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke

What are the signs and symptoms of an RSV infection?

An RSV infection begins like a common cold. You may have any of the following:

• Runny or stuffy nose
• Sore throat or cough
• Mild fever or headache
• Breathing faster than usual
• Decrease in appetite

How is an RSV infection diagnosed?

Your healthcare provider will examine you and ask about your symptoms. Your oxygen level may be checked. The provider may swab the inside of your nose. This sample is tested for infection.

How is an RSV infection treated?

Most adults with an RSV infection can be treated at home. Medicine may be given to decrease symptoms. You may need to be monitored or treated in the hospital if you have a severe RSV infection. You may need antibiotics if you have a secondary bacterial infection, such as bacterial pneumonia.

Treatment options

The following list of medications are related to or used in the treatment of this condition.

• Synagis
• ribavirin
• Arexvy
• Abrysvo
• Virazole

View more treatment options

How can I manage my symptoms?

• Get plenty of rest. Rest can help your body fight the infection.
• Drink more liquids than usual. Liquids will help thin and loosen mucus so you can cough it up. Liquids will also keep you hydrated. Liquids that help prevent dehydration include water, fruit juice, or broth. Do not drink liquids that contain caffeine. Caffeine can increase your risk for dehydration. Ask your healthcare provider how much liquid to drink each day and which liquids are best for you.
• Remove mucus from your nose. Place saline (saltwater) spray or drops into your nose to help remove mucus. Saline spray and drops are available over-the-counter. Follow directions on the spray or drops bottle. Blow your nose after you use these products.
• Use a cool mist humidifier in your room. Cool mist can help thin mucus and make it easier for you to breathe. Be sure to clean the humidifier as directed.

How can I help prevent an RSV infection?

• Ask about the RSV vaccine. Your healthcare provider may recommend the vaccine if you are at high risk for an RSV infection. The vaccine is given to adults 60 years or older. It may also be given to pregnant persons to help prevent infection in infants younger than 6 months. The vaccine is given between weeks 32 and 36 of pregnancy, or at least 2 weeks before delivery.
• Wash your hands often. Wash after you use the bathroom, change a child's diaper, and before you prepare or eat food. Use soap and water every time. Rub your soapy hands together, lacing your fingers. Wash the front and back of each hand, and in between all fingers. Use the fingers of one hand to scrub under the fingernails of the other hand. Wash for at least 20 seconds. Rinse with warm, running water for several seconds. Then dry your hands with a clean towel or paper towel. You can use hand sanitizer that contains alcohol if soap and water are not available. Do not touch your eyes, nose, or mouth without washing your hands first.
• Clean objects with a disinfectant solution. Clean tables, counters, and doorknobs. Use a disinfecting wipe, a single-use sponge, or a cloth you can wash and reuse. Use disinfecting cleaners if you do not have wipes. You can create a disinfecting cleaner by mixing 1 part bleach with 10 parts water. Wash sheets and towels in hot, soapy water, and dry on high heat.
• Stay away from people who are sick. Avoid crowds or people with colds and other respiratory infections.
• Do not smoke. Nicotine and other chemicals in cigarettes and cigars can increase your risk for infection. Ask your provider for information if you currently smoke and need help to quit. E-cigarettes or smokeless tobacco still contain nicotine. Talk to your healthcare before you use these products.

Call your local emergency number (911 in the US) or have someone call if:

• You have chest pain or trouble breathing.

When should I seek immediate care?

• You have a fever over 102ºF (39ºC).

When should I call my doctor?

• You have thick, green, or yellow drainage from your nose.
• You cough up thick yellow, green, or bloody mucus.
• Your symptoms do not get better, or they get worse.
• You have questions or concerns about your condition or care.

Care Agreement

You have the right to help plan your care. Learn about your health condition and how it may be treated. Discuss treatment options with your healthcare providers to decide what care you want to receive. You always have the right to refuse treatment. The above information is an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatments. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before following any medical regimen to see if it is safe and effective for you.

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