Hyponatremia
Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on Apr 6, 2025.
AMBULATORY CARE:
Hyponatremia
occurs when the amount of sodium (salt) in your blood is lower than normal. Sodium is an electrolyte (mineral) that helps your muscles, heart, and digestive system work properly. It helps control blood pressure and fluid balance.
Signs and symptoms of hyponatremia:
You may have no signs or symptoms. Symptoms may start to appear when the amount of sodium in your blood drops too low or too fast. You may have any of the following:
- Swelling in areas such as your ankles from fluid retention
- Abdominal cramps, nausea, or vomiting
- Headache, confusion, hallucinations, or trouble staying awake
- Muscle weakness or cramps
- Seizures or coma
Call your local emergency number (911 in the US) or have someone call if:
- You have a seizure.
- You have trouble breathing.
- You are confused or cannot think clearly.
Seek care immediately if:
- You have an irregular heartbeat.
Drugs used to treat this and similar conditions
Call your doctor if:
- You have muscle cramps or twitching.
- You feel very weak or tired.
- You have nausea or are vomiting.
- You have questions or concerns about your condition or care.
Treatment
depends on the cause of your hyponatremia and how severe it is. Healthcare providers may limit the amount of liquids you drink if you are retaining water. A salt solution may be given through an IV to increase the amount of sodium in your blood. Medicines may also be given to help get rid of extra fluid in your body. You may urinate more often while taking these medicines.
Treatment options
The following list of medications are related to or used in the treatment of this condition.
Nutrition:
You may need to increase your intake of sodium. Foods that are high in sodium include milk, packaged snacks such as pretzels, or processed meats (bacon, sausage, and ham). Ask your dietitian to help you create a meal plan that is right for you.
Liquids:
Follow your healthcare provider's advice if you need to limit the amount of liquid you drink. Ask how much liquid to drink each day and which liquids are best for you. You may be asked to drink liquids that have water, sugar, and salt, such as juices, milk, or sports drinks. These liquids help your body hold in fluid and prevent dehydration.
Follow up with your doctor as directed:
You may need to return for more tests. Write down your questions so you remember to ask them during your visits.
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The above information is an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatments. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before following any medical regimen to see if it is safe and effective for you.
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