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Drug Interaction Report

2 potential interactions and/or warnings found for the following 2 drugs:

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Interactions between your drugs

Moderate

temazepam kava

Applies to: temazepam, kava

GENERALLY AVOID: A case report suggests that kava may increase the central nervous system adverse effects of benzodiazepines. In the report, a 54-year-old man treated with alprazolam became semicomatose with lethargy and disorientation following self-medication with kava for 3 days. The exact mechanism of interaction is unknown, but an additive or synergistic CNS effect is suspected.

MANAGEMENT: Until further information is available, concomitant use of kava and benzodiazepines is not recommended. Patients on benzodiazepines should be advised to consult their caregiver before using any alternative medicines.

References (3)
  1. Miller LG (1998) "Herbal medicinals: selected clinical considerations focusing on known or potential drug-herb interactions." Arch Intern Med, 158, p. 2200-11
  2. Pepping J (1999) "Kava: Piper methysticum." Am J Health Syst Pharm, 56, p. 957-60
  3. Almeida JC, Grimsley EW (1996) "Coma from the health food store: interaction between kava and alprazolam." Ann Intern Med, 125, p. 940-1

Drug and food interactions

Moderate

temazepam food

Applies to: temazepam

GENERALLY AVOID: Acute ethanol ingestion may potentiate the CNS effects of many benzodiazepines. Tolerance may develop with chronic ethanol use. The mechanism may be decreased clearance of the benzodiazepines because of CYP450 hepatic enzyme inhibition. Also, it has been suggested that the cognitive deficits induced by benzodiazepines may be increased in patients who chronically consume large amounts of alcohol.

MANAGEMENT: Patients should be advised to avoid alcohol during benzodiazepine therapy.

References (7)
  1. MacLeod SM, Giles HG, Patzalek G, Thiessen JJ, Sellers EM (1977) "Diazepam actions and plasma concentrations following ethanol ingestion." Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 11, p. 345-9
  2. Whiting B, Lawrence JR, Skellern GG, Meier J (1979) "Effect of acute alcohol intoxication on the metabolism and plasma kinetics of chlordiazepoxide." Br J Clin Pharmacol, 7, p. 95-100
  3. Divoll M, Greenblatt DJ, Lacasse Y, Shader RI (1981) "Benzodiazepine overdosage: plasma concentrations and clinical outcome." Psychopharmacology (Berl), 73, p. 381-3
  4. Juhl RP, Van Thiel DH, Dittert LW, Smith RB (1984) "Alprazolam pharmacokinetics in alcoholic liver disease." J Clin Pharmacol, 24, p. 113-9
  5. Ochs HR, Greenblatt DJ, Arendt RM, Hubbel W, Shader RI (1984) "Pharmacokinetic noninteraction of triazolam and ethanol." J Clin Psychopharmacol, 4, p. 106-7
  6. Staak M, Raff G, Nusser W (1979) "Pharmacopsychological investigations concerning the combined effects of dipotassium clorazepate and ethanol." Int J Clin Pharmacol Biopharm, 17, p. 205-12
  7. Nichols JM, Martin F, Kirkby KC (1993) "A comparison of the effect of lorazepam on memory in heavy and low social drinkers." Psychopharmacology (Berl), 112, p. 475-82

Therapeutic duplication warnings

No duplication warnings were found for your selected drugs.

Therapeutic duplication warnings are only returned when drugs within the same group exceed the recommended therapeutic duplication maximum.

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Drug Interaction Classification

These classifications are only a guideline. The relevance of a particular drug interaction to a specific individual is difficult to determine. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting or stopping any medication.
Major Highly clinically significant. Avoid combinations; the risk of the interaction outweighs the benefit.
Moderate Moderately clinically significant. Usually avoid combinations; use it only under special circumstances.
Minor Minimally clinically significant. Minimize risk; assess risk and consider an alternative drug, take steps to circumvent the interaction risk and/or institute a monitoring plan.
Unknown No interaction information available.

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Further information

Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.

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