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Telmisartan (Monograph)

Brand name: Micardis
Drug class: Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists
VA class: CV805
Chemical name: 4′-[1(1,4′-Dimethyl-2′-propyl[2,6′-bi-1H-benzimidazol]-1′-yl)methyl]-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid
Molecular formula: C33H30N4O2
CAS number: 144701-48-4

Medically reviewed by Drugs.com on Feb 8, 2024. Written by ASHP.

Warning

  • May cause fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality if used during pregnancy.1 2 49 50 (See Fetal/Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality under Cautions.)

  • If pregnancy is detected, discontinue as soon as possible.1 2 50

Introduction

Angiotensin II receptor (AT1) antagonist (i.e., angiotensin II receptor blocker [ARB]).1 2 3 16

Uses for Telmisartan

Hypertension

Management of hypertension (alone or in combination with other classes of antihypertensive agents);1 2 3 17 19 132 1200 may be used in fixed combination with amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide when such combined therapy is indicated.2 132

Angiotensin II receptor antagonists are recommended as one of several preferred agents for the initial management of hypertension according to current evidence-based hypertension guidelines; other preferred options include ACE inhibitors, calcium-channel blockers, and thiazide diuretics.501 502 503 504 1200 While there may be individual differences with respect to recommendations for initial drug selection and use in specific patient populations, current evidence indicates that these antihypertensive drug classes all generally produce comparable effects on overall mortality and cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and renal outcomes.501 502 503 504 1200 1213

Individualize choice of therapy; consider patient characteristics (e.g., age, ethnicity/race, comorbidities, cardiovascular risk) as well as drug-related factors (e.g., ease of administration, availability, adverse effects, cost).501 502 503 504 515 1200 1201

A 2017 ACC/AHA multidisciplinary hypertension guideline classifies BP in adults into 4 categories: normal, elevated, stage 1 hypertension, and stage 2 hypertension.1200 (See Table 1.)

Source: Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Hypertension. 2018;71:e13-115.

Individuals with SBP and DBP in 2 different categories (e.g., elevated SBP and normal DBP) should be designated as being in the higher BP category (i.e., elevated BP).

Table 1. ACC/AHA BP Classification in Adults1200

Category

SBP (mm Hg)

DBP (mm Hg)

Normal

<120

and

<80

Elevated

120–129

and

<80

Hypertension, Stage 1

130–139

or

80–89

Hypertension, Stage 2

≥140

or

≥90

The goal of hypertension management and prevention is to achieve and maintain optimal control of BP.1200 However, the BP thresholds used to define hypertension, the optimum BP threshold at which to initiate antihypertensive drug therapy, and the ideal target BP values remain controversial.501 503 504 505 506 507 508 515 523 526 530 1200 1201 1207 1209 1222 1223 1229

The 2017 ACC/AHA hypertension guideline generally recommends a target BP goal (i.e., BP to achieve with drug therapy and/or nonpharmacologic intervention) of <130/80 mm Hg in all adults regardless of comorbidities or level of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk.1200 In addition, an SBP goal of <130 mm Hg is recommended for noninstitutionalized ambulatory patients ≥65 years of age with an average SBP of ≥130 mm Hg.1200 These BP goals are based upon clinical studies demonstrating continuing reduction of cardiovascular risk at progressively lower levels of SBP.1200 1202 1210

Other hypertension guidelines generally have based target BP goals on age and comorbidities.501 504 536 Guidelines such as those issued by the JNC 8 expert panel generally have targeted a BP goal of <140/90 mm Hg regardless of cardiovascular risk and have used higher BP thresholds and target BPs in elderly patients501 504 536 compared with those recommended by the 2017 ACC/AHA hypertension guideline.1200

Some clinicians continue to support previous target BPs recommended by JNC 8 due to concerns about the lack of generalizability of data from some clinical trials (e.g., SPRINT study) used to support the 2017 ACC/AHA hypertension guideline and potential harms (e.g., adverse drug effects, costs of therapy) versus benefits of BP lowering in patients at lower risk of cardiovascular disease.1222 1223 1224 1229

Consider potential benefits of hypertension management and drug cost, adverse effects, and risks associated with the use of multiple antihypertensive drugs when deciding a patient's BP treatment goal.1200 1220 1229

For decisions regarding when to initiate drug therapy (BP threshold), the 2017 ACC/AHA hypertension guideline incorporates underlying cardiovascular risk factors.1200 1207 ASCVD risk assessment recommended by ACC/AHA for all adults with hypertension.1200

ACC/AHA currently recommend initiation of antihypertensive drug therapy in addition to lifestyle/behavioral modifications at an SBP ≥140 mm Hg or DBP ≥90 mm Hg in adults who have no history of cardiovascular disease (i.e., primary prevention) and a low ASCVD risk (10-year risk <10%).1200

For secondary prevention in adults with known cardiovascular disease or for primary prevention in those at higher risk for ASCVD (10-year risk ≥10%), ACC/AHA recommend initiation of antihypertensive drug therapy at an average SBP ≥130 mm Hg or an average DBP ≥80 mm Hg.1200

Adults with hypertension and diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease (CKD), or age ≥65 years are assumed to be at high risk for cardiovascular disease; ACC/AHA state that such patients should have antihypertensive drug therapy initiated at a BP ≥130/80 mm Hg.1200 Individualize drug therapy in patients with hypertension and underlying cardiovascular and other risk factors.502 1200

In stage 1 hypertension, experts state that it is reasonable to initiate drug therapy using the stepped-care approach in which one drug is initiated and titrated and other drugs are added sequentially to achieve the target BP.1200 Initiation of antihypertensive therapy with 2 first-line agents from different pharmacologic classes recommended in adults with stage 2 hypertension and average BP >20/10 mm Hg above BP goal.1200

Black hypertensive patients generally tend to respond better to monotherapy with calcium-channel blockers or thiazide diuretics than to angiotensin II receptor antagonists.501 504 1200 However, the combination of an ACE inhibitor or an angiotensin II receptor antagonist with a calcium channel blocker or thiazide diuretic produces similar BP lowering in black patients as in other racial groups.1200

Angiotensin II receptor antagonists or ACE inhibitors may be particularly useful in hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus or CKD; angiotensin II receptor antagonists also may be preferred, as an alternative to ACE inhibitors, in hypertensive patients with heart failure or ischemic heart disease and/or post-MI.501 502 504 523 524 527 534 535 536 543 1200 1214 1215

Diabetic Nephropathy

A recommended agent in the management of patients with diabetes mellitus and persistent albuminuria† [off-label] who have modestly elevated (30–300 mg/24 hours) or higher (>300 mg/24 hours) levels of urinary albumin excretion; slows rate of progression of renal disease in such patients.26 27 28 30 33 34 35 36 37 535 536 1232

Heart Failure

Angiotensin II receptor antagonists have been used in the management of heart failure† [off-label].524 528 800

Because of their established benefits, ACE inhibitors have been the preferred drugs for inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system in patients with heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF);524 however, some evidence indicates that therapy with an ACE inhibitor (enalapril) may be less effective than angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) therapy (e.g., sacubitril/valsartan) in reducing cardiovascular death and heart failure-related hospitalization.701 702 703 800

Angiotensin II receptor antagonists may be used as an alternative for those patients in whom an ACE inhibitor or ARNI is inappropriate.524 800

No additional therapeutic benefit when angiotensin II receptor antagonist used in combination with an ACE inhibitor.a

ACCF, AHA, and the Heart Failure Society of America (HFSA) recommend that patients with chronic symptomatic heart failure and reduced LVEF (NYHA class II or III) who are able to tolerate an ACE inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor antagonist be switched to therapy containing an ARNI to further reduce morbidity and mortality.800

Telmisartan Dosage and Administration

General

BP Monitoring and Treatment Goals

Administration

Oral Administration

Administer orally once daily without regard to meals.1 2

Dosage

Adults

Hypertension
Telmisartan Therapy
Oral

Initially, 40 mg once daily in adults without intravascular volume depletion.1

Usual dosage: 20–80 mg once daily;1 2 5 1200 no additional therapeutic benefit with higher dosages.1 2

Telmisartan/Amlodipine Fixed-combination Therapy
Oral

Fixed-combination telmisartan/amlodipine tablets may be used for initial treatment of hypertension in patients likely to require combination therapy with multiple antihypertensive agents to control BP.132 Consider potential benefits and risks of initiating therapy with the fixed combination, including whether the patient is likely to tolerate the lowest available dosage of the combined drugs.132

If the patient’s baseline BP is 160/110 mm Hg, the estimated probability of achieving SBP control (SBP <140 mm Hg) is 46, 69, or 79% and of achieving DBP control (DBP <90 mm Hg) is 26, 22, or 55% with telmisartan (80 mg daily) alone, amlodipine (10 mg daily) alone, or telmisartan combined with amlodipine (same dosages), respectively.132

If BP is not adequately controlled by monotherapy with telmisartan (or another angiotensin II receptor antagonist) or amlodipine (or another dihydropyridine-derivative calcium-channel blocker), can switch to telmisartan/amlodipine fixed combination.132

If dose-limiting adverse effects (e.g., edema) have developed during monotherapy with amlodipine 10 mg, can switch to the fixed-combination preparation containing telmisartan 40 mg and amlodipine 5 mg to achieve similar BP control; adjust dosage according to patient’s response after ≥2 weeks of therapy.132

Can use the fixed combination as a substitute for the individually administered drugs.132 Can switch to the fixed-combination preparation containing the corresponding individual doses of telmisartan and amlodipine; alternatively, can increase the dosage of one or both components for additional antihypertensive effects.132

When used for initial therapy of hypertension in patients likely to require combination therapy with multiple antihypertensive agents, usual initial dosage is telmisartan 40 mg and amlodipine 5 mg once daily; initial dosage of telmisartan 80 mg and amlodipine 5 mg once daily may be used in patients requiring larger BP reductions.132

Increase dosage to maximum of telmisartan 80 mg and amlodipine 10 mg once daily, if needed, to control BP.132 May adjust dosage at intervals of ≥2 weeks, since most of the antihypertensive effect of a given dosage is achieved within 2 weeks after a change in dosage.132

Telmisartan/Hydrochlorothiazide Fixed-combination Therapy
Oral

Manufacturers state fixed-combination preparation should not be used for initial antihypertensive therapy.2

If BP is not adequately controlled by monotherapy with telmisartan 80 mg daily, can switch to fixed-combination tablets (telmisartan 80 mg and hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg; then telmisartan 160 mg and hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg), administered once daily.2

If BP is not adequately controlled by monotherapy with hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg or if BP is controlled but hypokalemia is problematic at this dosage, can use fixed-combination tablets containing telmisartan 80 mg and hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg, administered once daily.2 Can increase dosage to telmisartan 160 mg and hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg, if needed, to control BP.2

Special Populations

Hepatic Impairment

Telmisartan: Initiate therapy under close medical supervision in patients with obstructive biliary disease or hepatic impairment.1

Telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide fixed combination: In patients with obstructive biliary disease or hepatic impairment, recommended initial dosage is telmisartan 40 mg and hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg daily.2 Use not recommended in those with severe hepatic impairment.2

Telmisartan/amlodipine fixed combination: Amount of amlodipine exceeds recommended initial amlodipine dosage (2.5 mg daily) for patients with hepatic impairment.132

Renal Impairment

Telmisartan: No initial dosage adjustments necessary in patients with Clcr >30 mL/minute.1 2 Manufacturers make no specific recommendations regarding telmisartan monotherapy in those with Clcr ≤30 mL/minute.1

Telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide fixed combination: Use not recommended in patients with Clcr <30 mL/minute.2

Telmisartan/amlodipine fixed combination: Slowly titrate dosage in patients with severe renal impairment.132

Geriatric Patients

Telmisartan: No initial dosage adjustments necessary.1 2

Telmisartan/amlodipine fixed combination: Amount of amlodipine exceeds recommended initial amlodipine dosage (2.5 mg daily) for geriatric patients ≥75 years of age.132

Volume- and/or Salt-Depleted Patients

Correct volume and/or salt depletion prior to initiation of therapy or initiate therapy under close medical supervision using lower initial dosage.1 2

Detailed Telmisartan dosage information

Cautions for Telmisartan

Contraindications

Warnings/Precautions

Warnings

Fetal/Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality

Possible fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality when used during pregnancy.1 2 50 (See Boxed Warning.) Such potential risks occur throughout pregnancy, especially during the second and third trimesters.50

Also may increase the risk of major congenital malformations when administered during the first trimester of pregnancy.49 50

Discontinue as soon as possible when pregnancy is detected, unless continued use is considered lifesaving.49 50 Nearly all women can be transferred successfully to alternative therapy for the remainder of their pregnancy.13 a

Sensitivity Reactions

Anaphylactoid reactions and/or angioedema possible;1 2 7 14 not recommended in patients with a history of angioedema associated with or unrelated to ACE inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor antagonist therapy.c d b

Other Warnings and Precautions

Hypotension

Possible symptomatic hypotension, particularly in volume- and/or salt-depleted patients (e.g., those treated with diuretics or undergoing dialysis).1 2 (See Volume- and/or Salt-Depleted Patients under Dosage and Administration.)

Transient hypotension is not a contraindication to additional doses; may reinstate therapy cautiously after BP is stabilized (e.g., with volume expansion).1 2

Malignancies

In July 2010, FDA initiated a safety review of angiotensin II receptor antagonists after a published meta-analysis found a modest but statistically significant increase in risk of new cancer occurrence in patients receiving an angiotensin II receptor antagonist compared with control.120 121 123 126 However, subsequent studies, including a larger meta-analysis conducted by FDA, have not shown such risk.126 127 128 129 Based on currently available data, FDA has concluded that angiotensin II receptor antagonists do not increase the risk of cancer.126

Renal Effects

Possible oliguria, progressive azotemia and, rarely, acute renal failure and/or death in patients with severe heart failure.1 2

Increases in BUN and Scr possible in patients with unilateral or bilateral renal artery stenosis.1 2

Use of Fixed Combinations

When used in fixed combination with amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide, consider the cautions, precautions, and contraindications associated with the concomitant agent.2 132

Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Category D.a

Can cause fetal and neonatal morbidity and death when administered to a pregnant woman.a (See Boxed Warning.)

Lactation

Distributed into milk in rats; not known whether distributed into human milk.1 2 Discontinue nursing or the drug.1 2

Pediatric Use

Safety and efficacy not established in children <18 years of age.1 2 21 132

Geriatric Use

No substantial differences in safety or efficacy relative to younger adults, but increased sensitivity cannot be ruled out.1 2 132

Hepatic Impairment

Plasma telmisartan concentrations may be increased in patients with obstructive biliary disease or hepatic impairment.1 2 (See Special Populations under Absorption, in Pharmacokinetics.) Dosage adjustments may be necessary.2 (See Hepatic Impairment under Dosage and Administration.)

Use of telmisartan in fixed combination with hydrochlorothiazide is not recommended in patients with severe hepatic impairment.2

Renal Impairment

Deterioration of renal function may occur.1 2 (See Renal Effects under Cautions.)

Use of telmisartan in fixed combination with hydrochlorothiazide is not recommended in patients with Clcr <30 mL/minute.2

Black Patients

BP reduction may be smaller in black patients than in patients of other races.1 (See Hypertension under Uses.)

Common Adverse Effects

Upper respiratory tract infection, sinusitis, pharyngitis, back pain, diarrhea.1

Drug Interactions

Not metabolized by CYP isoenzymes; has no effect on CYP isoenzymes except for some inhibition of CYP2C19 in vitro.1 2

Specific Drugs

Drug

Interaction

Comment

Acetaminophen

Interactions unlikely1 2

ACE inhibitors

Increased risk of renal impairment, hyperkalemia, and hypotensiona

Generally avoid concomitant use; monitor BP, renal function, and electrolytes if used concomitantlya

Aliskiren

Increased risk of renal impairment, hyperkalemia, and hypotensiona

Generally avoid concomitant use; monitor BP, renal function, and electrolytes if used concomitantlya 550

Concomitant use contraindicated in patients with diabetes mellitusa 550

Avoid concomitant use in patients with GFR <60 mL/minutea 550

Amlodipine

Interactions unlikely1 2

Angiotensin II receptor antagonists

Increased risk of renal impairment, hyperkalemia, and hypotensiona

Generally avoid concomitant use; monitor BP, renal function, and electrolytes if used concomitantlya

Digoxin

Increased plasma digoxin concentrations1 2

Monitor serum digoxin concentrations when telmisartan therapy is initiated, adjusted, or discontinued in patients stabilized on digoxin1 2 3 21

Glyburide

Interactions unlikely1 2

Hydrochlorothiazide

Additive hypotensive effects1 2

Ibuprofen

Interactions unlikely1 2

Simvastatin

Interactions unlikely1 2

Warfarin

Possible decreased plasma warfarin concentrations; INR not affected1 2
Telmisartan drug interactions (more detail)

Telmisartan Pharmacokinetics

Absorption

Bioavailability

Absolute bioavailability is dose dependent: 42% at 40 mg, 58% at 160 mg.1 2

Peak plasma concentration generally reached at 0.5–1 hour following oral administration.1 2

Onset

Antihypertensive effect evident within 2 weeks, with maximum BP reduction after 4 weeks.1

Food

Food slightly reduces bioavailability.1 2

Special Populations

In patients with hepatic insufficiency, plasma telmisartan concentrations are increased and absolute bioavailability approaches 100%.1 2

Distribution

Extent

Crosses the placenta and is distributed in the fetus in animals.1 2

Distributed into milk in rats; not known whether distributed into human milk.1 2

Plasma Protein Binding

>99.5% (principally albumin and α1-acid glycoprotein).1 2

Elimination

Metabolism

Metabolized in liver (via conjugation) to inactive metabolite.1 2

Not metabolized by CYP isoenzymes.1 2

Elimination Route

Eliminated mainly (>97%) as unchanged drug in feces (via bile); small amounts (<1%) eliminated in urine.1 2

Half-life

Biphasic; terminal half-life is approximately 24 hours.1 2

Special Populations

Not removed from blood by hemofiltration.1 2

Stability

Storage

Oral

Tablets

25°C (may be exposed to 15–30°C).1 2 132 Do not remove tablets from blisters until immediately before administration.1 2 132

Actions

Preparations

Excipients in commercially available drug preparations may have clinically important effects in some individuals; consult specific product labeling for details.

Please refer to the ASHP Drug Shortages Resource Center for information on shortages of one or more of these preparations.

* available from one or more manufacturer, distributor, and/or repackager by generic (nonproprietary) name

Telmisartan

Routes

Dosage Forms

Strengths

Brand Names

Manufacturer

Oral

Tablets

20 mg*

Micardis

Boehringer Ingelheim

Telmisartan Tablets

40 mg*

Micardis

Boehringer Ingelheim

Telmisartan Tablets

80 mg*

Micardis

Boehringer Ingelheim

Telmisartan Tablets

* available from one or more manufacturer, distributor, and/or repackager by generic (nonproprietary) name

Telmisartan Combinations

Routes

Dosage Forms

Strengths

Brand Names

Manufacturer

Oral

Tablets

40 mg with Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg*

Micardis HCT

Boehringer Ingelheim

Telmisartan and Hydrochlorothiazide Tablets

80 mg with Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg*

Micardis HCT

Boehringer Ingelheim

Telmisartan and Hydrochlorothiazide Tablets

80 mg with Hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg*

Micardis HCT

Boehringer Ingelheim

Telmisartan and Hydrochlorothiazide Tablets

Tablets, multilayer

40 mg with Amlodipine Besylate 5 mg (of amlodipine)*

Telmisartan and Amlodipine Besylate Tablets

Twynsta

Boehringer Ingelheim

40 mg with Amlodipine Besylate 10 mg (of amlodipine)*

Telmisartan and Amlodipine Besylate Tablets

Twynsta

Boehringer Ingelheim

80 mg with Amlodipine Besylate 5 mg (of amlodipine)*

Telmisartan and Amlodipine Besylate Tablets

Twynsta

Boehringer Ingelheim

80 mg with Amlodipine Besylate 10 mg (of amlodipine)*

Telmisartan and Amlodipine Besylate Tablets

Twynsta

Boehringer Ingelheim

AHFS DI Essentials™. © Copyright 2024, Selected Revisions February 18, 2019. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc., 4500 East-West Highway, Suite 900, Bethesda, Maryland 20814.

† Off-label: Use is not currently included in the labeling approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.

References

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