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Drug Interactions between phenobarbital and Tussadur-HD

This report displays the potential drug interactions for the following 2 drugs:

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Interactions between your drugs

Major

PHENobarbital HYDROcodone

Applies to: phenobarbital and Tussadur-HD (guaifenesin / hydrocodone / pseudoephedrine)

GENERALLY AVOID: Barbiturates may potentiate the central nervous system (CNS) depressant effects of opioids. Concomitant use may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. On the other hand, some barbiturates can also induce the hepatic metabolism of opioids that are metabolized by CYP450 3A4 such as butorphanol, fentanyl, hydrocodone, methadone and oxycodone, resulting in enhanced clearance. Reduced analgesic efficacy or withdrawal symptoms may occur in patients maintained on their opioid regimen following the addition of a barbiturate. Conversely, discontinuation of the barbiturate may increase plasma concentrations of the opioid and potentiate the risk of overdose and fatal respiratory depression.

MANAGEMENT: The use of opioids in conjunction with other CNS depressants such as barbiturates should generally be avoided unless alternative treatment options are inadequate. If coadministration is necessary, the dosage and duration of each drug should be limited to the minimum required to achieve desired clinical effect, and patients should be closely monitored for signs and symptoms of CNS and respiratory depression. Particular caution is advisable when a barbiturate is added to or withdrawn from therapy in patients receiving opioids that are CYP450 3A4 substrates, as there may be an increased risk of withdrawal symptoms (e.g., restlessness, insomnia, sweating, lacrimation, or rhinorrhea) following initiation of the barbiturate and overdose following discontinuation. A dosage adjustment for one or both drugs may be required.

References

  1. Liu S-J, Wang RI (1984) "Case report of barbiturate-induced enhancement of methadone metabolism and withdrawal syndrome." Am J Psychiatry, 141, p. 1287-8
  2. Bell J, Seres V, Bowron P, Lewis J, Batey R (1988) "The use of serum methadone levels in patients receiving methadone maintenance." Clin Pharmacol Ther, 43, p. 623-9
  3. "Product Information. Duragesic Transdermal System (fentanyl)." Janssen Pharmaceutica, Titusville, NJ.
  4. (2001) "Product Information. OxyContin (oxycodone)." Purdue Frederick Company
  5. Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics."
  6. (2006) "Product Information. Ionsys (fentanyl)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical
  7. Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information."
  8. (2013) "Product Information. Zohydro ER (hydrocodone)." Zogenix, Inc
  9. (2017) "Product Information. Butorphanol Tartrate (butorphanol)." Apotex Corporation
  10. (2018) "Product Information. Apadaz (acetaminophen-benzhydrocodone)." KemPharm, Inc
View all 10 references

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Drug and food interactions

Major

HYDROcodone food

Applies to: Tussadur-HD (guaifenesin / hydrocodone / pseudoephedrine)

GENERALLY AVOID: Alcohol may potentiate the central nervous system (CNS) depressant effects of opioid analgesics including hydrocodone. Concomitant use may result in additive CNS depression and impairment of judgment, thinking, and psychomotor skills. In more severe cases, hypotension, respiratory depression, profound sedation, coma, or even death may occur.

GENERALLY AVOID: Consumption of alcohol while taking some sustained-release formulations of hydrocodone may cause rapid release of the drug, resulting in high systemic levels of hydrocodone that may be potentially lethal. Alcohol apparently can disrupt the release mechanism of some sustained-release formulations. In study subjects, the rate of absorption of hydrocodone from an extended-release formulation was found to be affected by coadministration with 40% alcohol in the fasted state, as demonstrated by an average 2.4-fold (up to 3.9-fold in one subject) increase in hydrocodone peak plasma concentration and a decrease in the time to peak concentration. Alcohol also increased the extent of absorption by an average of 1.2-fold (up to 1.7-fold in one subject).

GENERALLY AVOID: Grapefruit juice may increase the plasma concentrations of hydrocodone. The proposed mechanism is inhibition of CYP450 3A4-mediated metabolism of hydrocodone by certain compounds present in grapefruit. Increased hydrocodone concentrations could conceivably increase or prolong adverse drug effects and may cause potentially fatal respiratory depression.

MANAGEMENT: Patients taking sustained-release formulations of hydrocodone should not consume alcohol or use medications that contain alcohol. In general, potent narcotics such as hydrocodone should not be combined with alcohol. Patients should also avoid consumption of grapefruit or grapefruit juice during treatment with hydrocodone.

References

  1. (2013) "Product Information. Zohydro ER (hydrocodone)." Zogenix, Inc

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Major

PHENobarbital food

Applies to: phenobarbital

GENERALLY AVOID: Concurrent acute use of barbiturates and ethanol may result in additive CNS effects, including impaired coordination, sedation, and death. Tolerance of these agents may occur with chronic use. The mechanism is related to inhibition of microsomal enzymes acutely and induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes chronically.

MANAGEMENT: The combination of ethanol and barbiturates should be avoided.

References

  1. Gupta RC, Kofoed J (1966) "Toxological statistics for barbiturates, other sedatives, and tranquilizers in Ontario: a 10-year survey." Can Med Assoc J, 94, p. 863-5
  2. Misra PS, Lefevre A, Ishii H, Rubin E, Lieber CS (1971) "Increase of ethanol, meprobamate and pentobarbital metabolism after chronic ethanol administration in man and in rats." Am J Med, 51, p. 346-51
  3. Saario I, Linnoila M (1976) "Effect of subacute treatment with hypnotics, alone or in combination with alcohol, on psychomotor skills related to driving." Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh), 38, p. 382-92
  4. Stead AH, Moffat AC (1983) "Quantification of the interaction between barbiturates and alcohol and interpretation of fatal blood concentrations." Hum Toxicol, 2, p. 5-14
  5. Seixas FA (1979) "Drug/alcohol interactions: avert potential dangers." Geriatrics, 34, p. 89-102
View all 5 references

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Moderate

pseudoephedrine food

Applies to: Tussadur-HD (guaifenesin / hydrocodone / pseudoephedrine)

MONITOR: Coadministration of two or more sympathomimetic agents may increase the risk of adverse effects such as nervousness, irritability, and increased heart rate. Central nervous system (CNS) stimulants, particularly amphetamines, can potentiate the adrenergic response to vasopressors and other sympathomimetic agents. Additive increases in blood pressure and heart rate may occur due to enhanced peripheral sympathetic activity.

MANAGEMENT: Caution is advised if two or more sympathomimetic agents are coadministered. Pulse and blood pressure should be closely monitored.

References

  1. Rosenblatt JE, Lake CR, van Kammen DP, Ziegler MG, Bunney WE Jr (1979) "Interactions of amphetamine, pimozide, and lithium on plasma norepineophrine and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in schizophrenic patients." Psychiatry Res, 1, p. 45-52
  2. Cavanaugh JH, Griffith JD, Oates JA (1970) "Effect of amphetamine on the pressor response to tyramine: formation of p-hydroxynorephedrine from amphetamine in man." Clin Pharmacol Ther, 11, p. 656
  3. (2001) "Product Information. Adderall (amphetamine-dextroamphetamine)." Shire Richwood Pharmaceutical Company Inc
  4. (2001) "Product Information. Tenuate (diethylpropion)." Aventis Pharmaceuticals
  5. (2001) "Product Information. Sanorex (mazindol)." Novartis Pharmaceuticals
  6. (2001) "Product Information. Focalin (dexmethylphenidate)." Mikart Inc
  7. (2002) "Product Information. Strattera (atomoxetine)." Lilly, Eli and Company
View all 7 references

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Therapeutic duplication warnings

No warnings were found for your selected drugs.

Therapeutic duplication warnings are only returned when drugs within the same group exceed the recommended therapeutic duplication maximum.

See also

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Drug Interaction Classification

These classifications are only a guideline. The relevance of a particular drug interaction to a specific individual is difficult to determine. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting or stopping any medication.
Major Highly clinically significant. Avoid combinations; the risk of the interaction outweighs the benefit.
Moderate Moderately clinically significant. Usually avoid combinations; use it only under special circumstances.
Minor Minimally clinically significant. Minimize risk; assess risk and consider an alternative drug, take steps to circumvent the interaction risk and/or institute a monitoring plan.
Unknown No interaction information available.

Further information

Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.

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