Drug Interactions between Parnate and ragweed pollen allergen extract

CONTRAINDICATED: Foods that contain large amounts of tyramine may precipitate a hypertensive crisis in patients treated with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). The mechanism is inhibition of MAO-A, the enzyme responsible for metabolizing exogenous amines such as tyramine in the gut and preventing them from being absorbed intact. Once absorbed, tyramine is metabolized to octopamine, a substance that is believed to displace norepinephrine from storage granules.

GENERALLY AVOID: Alcohol may potentiate some of the pharmacologic effects of MAOIs. Use in combination may result in additive central nervous system depression and/or impairment of judgment, thinking, and psychomotor skills.

MANAGEMENT: In general, patients treated with MAOIs or other agents that possess MAOI activity (e.g., furazolidone, linezolid, procarbazine) should avoid consumption of products that contain large amounts of amines and protein foods in which aging or breakdown of protein is used to increase flavor. These foods include cheese (particularly strong, aged or processed cheeses), sour cream, wine (particularly red wine), champagne, beer, pickled herring, anchovies, caviar, shrimp paste, liver (particularly chicken liver), dry sausage, salamis, figs, raisins, bananas, avocados, chocolate, soy sauce, bean curd, sauerkraut, yogurt, papaya products, meat tenderizers, fava bean pods, protein extracts, yeast extracts, and dietary supplements. Caffeine may also precipitate hypertensive crisis so its intake should be minimized as well. At least 14 days should elapse following discontinuation of MAOI therapy before these foods may be consumed. Specially designed reference materials and dietary consultation are recommended so that an appropriate and safe diet can be planned. Patients should be advised to promptly seek medical attention if they experience potential signs and symptoms of a hypertensive crisis such as severe headache, visual disturbances, difficulty thinking, stupor or coma, seizures, chest pain, unexplained nausea or vomiting, and stroke-like symptoms. Patients should also be counseled not to use MAOIs with alcohol, and to avoid hazardous activities requiring complete mental alertness and motor coordination until they know how these agents affect them.

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ADJUST DOSING INTERVAL: Since sublingual preparations of allergenic extracts are meant to be absorbed directly from tissues under the tongue into the blood stream, consuming food or beverage during or immediately after administration may reduce the systemic bioavailability of the medication.

MONITOR: Coadministration of allergenic extracts for allergy immunotherapy with alcohol may potentiate the risk of allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. According to some studies, alcohol is an augmenting factor influencing immunological mechanisms that can induce more severe allergic reactions and is involved in up to 15% of cases of anaphylactic reactions. Proposed mechanisms include an increase in allergen absorption from altered permeability of the intestinal epithelial barrier, enhancing mast cell and basophil activation, and an increase in serum IgE concentrations. A causal relationship with all allergenic extracts has not been established.

MANAGEMENT: Food or beverage should not be taken with, or for at least 5 minutes after, the administration of sublingual allergenic extracts. Patients should also avoid swallowing for about 1 minute following placement of the allergen extract under the tongue. Caution is advised if allergenic extracts for immunotherapy are used concomitantly with alcohol. Some manufacturers of peanut allergen extract recommend alcohol not be consumed for 2 hours before, or 2 hours after taking peanut allergen extract and if alcohol use cannot be avoided, that withholding or decreasing peanut allergen dosage should be considered. Individual prescribing information should be consulted for further guidance and clinical monitoring may be considered.

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