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Drug Interactions between Chem Mart Nasal Decongestant Capsule and glipizide / metformin

This report displays the potential drug interactions for the following 2 drugs:

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Interactions between your drugs

Moderate

glipiZIDE charcoal

Applies to: glipizide / metformin and Chem Mart Nasal Decongestant Capsule (charcoal)

GENERALLY AVOID: Charcoal may reduce the absorption of many drugs and can absorb enterohepatically circulated drugs. Clinical utility may be the reduction either of the effects or of the toxicity of many drugs. Activated charcoal may adsorb any therapeutic agents administered while it is in the gastrointestinal tract.

MANAGEMENT: The regular ingestion of charcoal should be avoided by patients requiring maintenance medications. If concomitant use is necessary, the dosage or route of administration may need to be altered.

References

  1. Decker WJ, Shpall RA, Corby DG (1969) "Inhibition of aspirin absorption by activated charcoal and apomorphine." Clin Pharmacol Ther, 10, p. 710-3
  2. Knadler MP, Bergstrom RF, Callaghan JT, Obermeyer BD, Rubin A (1987) "Absorption studies of the H2-blocker nizatidine." Clin Pharmacol Ther, 42, p. 514-20
  3. Wing LM, Miners JO, Birkett DJ, et al. (1984) "Lidocaine disposition: sex differences and effects of cimetidine." Clin Pharmacol Ther, 35, p. 695-701
  4. Scheufler E, Bos I (1983) "Influence of peroral charcoal on pharmacokinetics and intestinal toxicity of intravenously given methotrexate." Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther, 261, p. 180-5
  5. Gadgil SD, Damle SR, Advani SH, Vaidya AB (1982) "Effect of activated charcoal on the pharmacokinetics of high-dose methotrexate." Cancer Treat Rep, 66, p. 1169-71
  6. Park GD, Spector R, Goldberg MJ, Johnson GF (1986) "Expanded role of charcoal therapy in the poisoned and overdosed patient." Arch Intern Med, 146, p. 969-73
  7. Watson WA (1987) "Factors influencing the clinical efficacy of activated charcoal." Drug Intell Clin Pharm, 21, p. 160-6
  8. Kivisto KT, Neuvonen PJ (1990) "The effect of cholestyramine and activated charcoal on glipizide absorption." Br J Clin Pharmacol, 30, p. 733-6
  9. Dolgin JG, Nix DE, Sanchez J, Watson WA (1991) "Pharmacokinetic simulation of the effect of multiple-dose activated charcoal in phenytoin poisoning: report of two pediatric cases." DICP, 25, p. 646-9
  10. Rowden AM, Spoor JE, Bertino JS, Jr (1990) "The effect of activated charcoal on phenytoin pharmacokinetics." Ann Emerg Med, 19, p. 1144-7
  11. Farrar HC, Herold DA, Reed MD (1993) "Acute valproic acid intoxication: enhanced drug clearance with oral-activated charcoal." Crit Care Med, 21, p. 299-301
  12. Howard CE, Roberts RS, Ely DS, Moye RA (1994) "Use of multiple-dose activated charcoal in phenytoin toxicity." Ann Pharmacother, 28, p. 201-3
  13. Chernish SM, Wolen RL, Rodda BE (1972) "Adsorption of propoxyphene hydrochloride by activated charcoal." Clin Toxicol, 5, p. 317-29
  14. Glab WN, Corby DG, Decker WJ, Coldiron VR (1982) "Decreased absorption of propoxyphene by activated charcoal." J Toxicol Clin Toxicol, 19, p. 129-38
  15. Karkkainen S, Neuvonen PJ (1985) "Effect of oral charcoal and urine pH on dextropropoxyphene pharmacokinetics." Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol, 23, p. 219-25
  16. Wakabayashi Y, Maruyama S, Hachimura K, Ohwada T (1994) "Activated charcoal interrupts enteroenteric circulation of phenobarbital." J Toxicol Clin Toxicol, 32, p. 419-24
  17. Reed MD (1988) "Oral activated charcoal therapy." Am J Emerg Med, 6, p. 318
  18. Neuvonen PJ (1982) "Clinical pharmacokinetics of oral activated charcoal in acute intoxications." Clin Pharmacokinet, 7, p. 465-89
  19. Naveau S, Bonhomme L, Preaux N, Chaput JC (1991) "A pure charcoal suspension for colonoscopic tattoo." Gastrointest Endosc, 37, p. 624-5
  20. Ilkhanipour K, Yealy DM, Krenzelok EP (1993) "Activated charcoal surface area and its role in multiple-dose charcoal therapy." Am J Emerg Med, 11, p. 583-5
  21. Saetta JP (1993) "Gastric decontaminating procedures: is it time to call a stop?" J R Soc Med, 86, p. 396-9
  22. Orisakwe OE (1994) "Activated charcoal: is failure to use it negligence or ignorance?" South Med J, 87, p. 165-8
  23. Herrington AM, Clifton GD (1995) "Toxicology and management of acute drug ingestions in adults." Pharmacotherapy, 15, p. 182-200
  24. Bonuccelli U, Piccini P, Del Dotto P, Pavese N, D'Antonio P, Muratorio A (1992) "Apomorphine test in de novo Parkinson's disease." Funct Neurol, 7, p. 295-8
  25. (2001) "Product Information. Trileptal (oxcarbazepine)." Novartis Pharmaceuticals
View all 25 references

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Moderate

glipiZIDE metFORMIN

Applies to: glipizide / metformin and glipizide / metformin

MONITOR: Coadministration of metformin with an insulin secretagogue (e.g., sulfonylurea, meglitinide) or insulin may potentiate the risk of hypoglycemia. Although metformin alone generally does not cause hypoglycemia under normal circumstances of use, the added therapeutic effect when combined with other antidiabetic agents may result in hypoglycemia. The risk is further increased when caloric intake is deficient or when strenuous exercise is not compensated by caloric supplementation.

MANAGEMENT: A lower dosage of the insulin secretagogue or insulin may be required when used with metformin. Blood glucose should be closely monitored, and patients should be educated on the potential signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia (e.g., headache, dizziness, drowsiness, nervousness, confusion, tremor, hunger, weakness, perspiration, palpitation, tachycardia) and appropriate remedial actions to take if it occurs. Patients should also be advised to take precautions to avoid hypoglycemia while driving or operating hazardous machinery.

References

  1. Wiernsperger N, Rapin JR (1995) "Metformin-insulin interactions: from organ to cell." Diabetes Metab Rev, 11 Suppl, s3-12
  2. Okada S, Ishii K, Hamada H, Tanokuchi S, Ichiki K, Ota Z (1995) "Can alpha-glucosidase inhibitors reduce the insulin dosage administered to patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus?" J Int Med Res, 23, p. 487-91

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Drug and food interactions

Major

metFORMIN food

Applies to: glipizide / metformin

GENERALLY AVOID: Alcohol can potentiate the effect of metformin on lactate metabolism and increase the risk of lactic acidosis. In addition, alcohol may cause hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes. Although hypoglycemia rarely occurs during treatment with metformin alone, the risk may increase with acute consumption of alcohol. Even modest amounts can lower blood sugar significantly, especially when the alcohol is ingested on an empty stomach or following exercise. The mechanism involves inhibition of both gluconeogenesis as well as the counter-regulatory response to hypoglycemia. Episodes of hypoglycemia may last for 8 to 12 hours after ethanol ingestion. By contrast, chronic alcohol abuse can cause impaired glucose tolerance and hyperglycemia. Moderate alcohol consumption generally does not affect blood glucose levels in patients with well controlled diabetes.

Food may have varying effects on the absorption of metformin from immediate-release versus extended-release formulations. When a single 850 mg dose of immediate-release metformin was administered with food, mean peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and systemic exposure (AUC) decreased by 40% and 25%, respectively, and time to peak plasma concentration (Tmax) increased by 35 minutes compared to administration under fasting conditions. By contrast, administration of extended-release metformin with food increased AUC by 50% without affecting Cmax or Tmax, and both high- and low-fat meals had the same effect. These data may not be applicable to formulations that contain metformin with other oral antidiabetic agents.

MANAGEMENT: Metformin should be taken with meals, and excessive alcohol intake should be avoided during treatment. Diabetes patients in general should avoid consuming alcohol if their blood glucose is not well controlled, or if they have hypertriglyceridemia, neuropathy, or pancreatitis. Alcohol should not be consumed on an empty stomach or following exercise, as it may increase the risk of hypoglycemia. Patients should contact their physician immediately if they experience potential signs and symptoms of lactic acidosis such as malaise, myalgia, respiratory distress, increasing somnolence, and nonspecific abdominal distress (especially after stabilization of metformin therapy, when gastrointestinal symptoms are uncommon). With more marked acidosis, there may also be associated hypothermia, hypotension, and resistant bradyarrhythmias. Metformin should be withdrawn promptly if lactic acidosis is suspected. Serum electrolytes, ketones, blood glucose, blood pH, lactate levels, and blood metformin levels may be useful in establishing a diagnosis. Lactic acidosis should be suspected in any diabetic patient with metabolic acidosis lacking evidence of ketoacidosis (ketonuria and ketonemia).

References

  1. (2001) "Product Information. Glucophage (metformin)." Bristol-Myers Squibb
  2. (2002) "Position Statement: evidence-based nutrition principles and recommendations for the treatment and prevention of diabetes related complications. American Diabetes Association." Diabetes Care, 25(Suppl 1), S50-S60

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Moderate

glipiZIDE food

Applies to: glipizide / metformin

GENERALLY AVOID: Alcohol may cause hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes. Hypoglycemia most frequently occurs during acute consumption of alcohol. Even modest amounts can lower blood sugar significantly, especially when the alcohol is ingested on an empty stomach or following exercise. The mechanism involves inhibition of both gluconeogenesis as well as the counter-regulatory response to hypoglycemia. Episodes of hypoglycemia may last for 8 to 12 hours after ethanol ingestion. By contrast, chronic alcohol abuse can cause impaired glucose tolerance and hyperglycemia. Moderate alcohol consumption generally does not affect blood glucose levels in patients with well controlled diabetes. A disulfiram-like reaction (e.g., flushing, headache, and nausea) to alcohol has been reported frequently with the use of chlorpropamide and very rarely with other sulfonylureas.

MANAGEMENT: Patients with diabetes should avoid consuming alcohol if their blood glucose is not well controlled, or if they have hypertriglyceridemia, neuropathy, or pancreatitis. Patients with well controlled diabetes should limit their alcohol intake to one drink daily for women and two drinks daily for men (1 drink = 5 oz wine, 12 oz beer, or 1.5 oz distilled spirits) in conjunction with their normal meal plan. Alcohol should not be consumed on an empty stomach or following exercise.

References

  1. Jerntorp P, Almer LO (1981) "Chlorpropamide-alcohol flushing in relation to macroangiopathy and peripheral neuropathy in non-insulin dependent diabetes." Acta Med Scand, 656, p. 33-6
  2. Jerntorp P, Almer LO, Holin H, et al. (1983) "Plasma chlorpropamide: a critical factor in chlorpropamide-alcohol flush." Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 24, p. 237-42
  3. Barnett AH, Spiliopoulos AJ, Pyke DA, et al. (1983) "Metabolic studies in chlorpropamide-alcohol flush positive and negative type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetic patients with and without retinopathy." Diabetologia, 24, p. 213-5
  4. Hartling SG, Faber OK, Wegmann ML, Wahlin-Boll E, Melander A (1987) "Interaction of ethanol and glipizide in humans." Diabetes Care, 10, p. 683-6
  5. (2002) "Product Information. Diabinese (chlorpropamide)." Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals
  6. (2002) "Product Information. Glucotrol (glipizide)." Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals
  7. "Product Information. Diabeta (glyburide)." Hoechst Marion-Roussel Inc, Kansas City, MO.
  8. Skillman TG, Feldman JM (1981) "The pharmacology of sulfonylureas." Am J Med, 70, p. 361-72
  9. (2002) "Position Statement: evidence-based nutrition principles and recommendations for the treatment and prevention of diabetes related complications. American Diabetes Association." Diabetes Care, 25(Suppl 1), S50-S60
  10. Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics."
View all 10 references

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Therapeutic duplication warnings

No warnings were found for your selected drugs.

Therapeutic duplication warnings are only returned when drugs within the same group exceed the recommended therapeutic duplication maximum.

See also

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Drug Interaction Classification

These classifications are only a guideline. The relevance of a particular drug interaction to a specific individual is difficult to determine. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting or stopping any medication.
Major Highly clinically significant. Avoid combinations; the risk of the interaction outweighs the benefit.
Moderate Moderately clinically significant. Usually avoid combinations; use it only under special circumstances.
Minor Minimally clinically significant. Minimize risk; assess risk and consider an alternative drug, take steps to circumvent the interaction risk and/or institute a monitoring plan.
Unknown No interaction information available.

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