Drug Interactions between Anoro Ellipta and maprotiline

MONITOR: Beta-2 adrenergic agonists can cause dose-related prolongation of the QT interval and potassium loss. Theoretically, coadministration with other agents that can prolong the QT interval may result in additive effects and increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias including torsade de pointes and sudden death. In general, the risk of an individual agent or a combination of agents causing ventricular arrhythmia in association with QT prolongation is largely unpredictable but may be increased by certain underlying risk factors such as congenital long QT syndrome, cardiac disease, and electrolyte disturbances (e.g., hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia). In addition, the extent of drug-induced QT prolongation is dependent on the particular drug(s) involved and dosage(s) of the drug(s). Clinically significant prolongation of QT interval and hypokalemia occur infrequently when beta-2 agonists are inhaled at normally recommended dosages. However, these effects may be more common when the drugs are administered systemically or when recommended dosages are exceeded.

MANAGEMENT: Caution is recommended if beta-2 agonists are used in combination with other drugs that can prolong the QT interval. Patients should be advised to seek prompt medical attention if they experience symptoms that could indicate the occurrence of torsade de pointes such as dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting, palpitation, irregular heart rhythm, shortness of breath, or syncope.

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GENERALLY AVOID: The potential exists for additive anticholinergic effects such as mydriasis, blurred vision, heat intolerance, fever, dry mouth, tachycardia, urinary retention, constipation, and glaucoma (onset or exacerbation) when topical or inhaled anticholinergic agents are used with each other or with other agents that possess anticholinergic properties. The risk of systemic anticholinergic effects following topical administration depends on variables such as strength of the product, size of the application area, frequency of application, and use of occlusive dressing. Systemic effects are uncommon following oral inhalation or nasal administration due to the poor absorption of quaternary ammonium compounds from gastrointestinal and nasal mucosa. However, worsening of urinary retention or angle-closure glaucoma has been reported with the use of orally inhaled anticholinergic agents. Increased intraocular pressure and precipitation or exacerbation of angle-closure glaucoma may also occur due to inadvertent contact of the eye with aerosolized or nebulized drug.

MANAGEMENT: Topical and inhaled anticholinergic preparations should preferably not be used in combination with other anticholinergic agents or agents with significant anticholinergic effects such as antihistamines, antispasmodics, neuroleptics, phenothiazines, skeletal muscle relaxants, tricyclic antidepressants, and class IA antiarrhythmics (especially disopyramide). Caution is advised if concomitant use cannot be avoided, particularly in the elderly and those with significantly impaired renal and/or hepatic function. Measures should be taken whenever possible to minimize ocular exposure to these drugs, such as keeping eyes closed during oral inhalation, use of a mouthpiece rather than face mask during nebulization, and not touching the eyes following topical application until hands are washed with soap and water. Patients should be advised to contact their physician if they experience excessive anticholinergic adverse effects or signs and symptoms of angle-closure glaucoma (e.g., eye pain or discomfort; blurred vision; visual halos; colored images in association with red eyes from conjunctival congestion or corneal edema).

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