Scour Bos 9 (Canada)

Manufacturer: Novartis

Bovine Rota-coronavirus Vaccine

Killed Virus

Clostridium Perfringens Type C, Escherichia Coli Bacterin-toxoid

Scour Bos 9 Indications

For use in healthy pregnant cattle as an aid in the prevention of disease in calves caused by bovine rotavirus, bovine coronavirus, Clostridium perfringens Type C, and K99 piliated Escherichia coli.

Directions

Shake well before using. Administer 2 mL intramuscularly in the neck 8-16 weeks prior to calving. Revaccinate with (Scour Bos^® 4) 4 weeks prior to calving. Revaccinate with one dose of (Scour Bos^® 9) 8-10 weeks prior to each subsequent calving.

Precautions

Store out of direct sunlight at 2°-7°C (35°-45°F). DO NOT FREEZE. Use entire contents when first opened. Do not vaccinate within 60 days prior to slaughter. It is essential that newborn calves receive colostrum from the vaccinated dam. WARNING: THIS PRODUCT MAY CAUSE PERSISTENT SWELLING AT THE SITE OF INJECTION. Anaphylactic reactions may occur. Symptomatic treatment: Epinephrine. Contains amphotericin B, gentamicin, and thimerosal as preservatives.

Technical Disease Information

Coronavirus

Coronavirus causes one of the most severe viral diarrheas of neonatal calves. It may produce complete villus atrophy of the intestine. It is found worldwide and produces a severe diarrhea with dehydration and moderate mortality. A dual infection with rotavirus or E. coli can escalate the disease. Affected calves are extremely depressed but they often continue nursing. Coronavirus is also capable of infecting lung tissues and may produce respiratory signs. Calves most commonly affected with coronavirus diarrhea range in age from 5-21 days. Diarrhea usually lasts 4-5 days. Affected calves are the main source of infection to other calves, but evidence indicates that some recovered calves and cows will continue to carry virus and serve as long-term reservoirs for the virus.

Rotavirus

Bovine rotavirus diarrhea is found worldwide. Rotaviral diarrhea results from replication of the virus in villus enterocytes of the small intestine. Clinical signs range from mild to severe diarrhea depending on the strain of virus. This diarrhea results in dehydration, depression and sometimes death. A high incidence of rotaviruses has been detected in scouring calves on both ranches and dairy farms, and this occurs most frequently within the first two weeks of life. The severity of the disease is often worse in calves co-infected with other enteropathogens.

The most common G serotypes of group A rotaviruses affecting calves are G6 and G10. Three P serotypes (genotypes) have been identified in calves with diarrhea: P6 [1], P7 [5] and P8 [11]. SCOUR BOS^® 9 contains three field isolates of bovine rotavirus, group A, that encompass all of the common G and P types encountered in the United States. The virulent bovine rotavirus challenge used in this study also contained bovine rotavirus group A with G8 genotype. If G8 is emerging as a prevalent genotype, results from this study show protection to this type as well.

Treatment

Treatment for rotavirus and coronavirus enteritis consists of maintaining hydration and electrolyte balance, through the use of fluids administered either orally or intravenously. It is important to maintain calves on milk, since electrolyte fluids alone cannot supply all the nutrition a calf requires. Antibiotic therapy is also usually incorporated to control secondary bacterial infections.

Escherichia coli

E. coli (colibacillosis) is primarily an enteric disease of calves from birth to 7 days of age. It may cause a severe diarrhea. Pathogenic E. coli are commonly found in the manure of healthy cows. This results in most calves being exposed shortly after birth. Unless the calf has received some type of protection, it is very susceptible to developing colibacillosis. The bacteria attach to the lining cells of the intestine by means of projections called pili. After attachment, the bacteria produce toxins which cause the intestine to secrete large amounts of fluid which results in diarrhea, dehydration and possible death.

Clostridium perfringens Type C

Clostridium perfringens Type C is commonly found in soil. It is also a common inhabitant of the intestinal tract in healthy animals. Engorgement with milk is often a predisposing factor. Type C enterotoxemia is caused by an overgrowth of these bacteria in the calf's intestine. This results in severe toxemia and high mortality rates. Calves may be found dead without showing any symptoms. They may show signs including bloating, abdominal pain, hemorrhagic diarrhea or extreme weakness.

Prevention

Preventing baby calf scours requires careful management of the dam, the environment, and the calf. The most important step in the program is immunization of the dam with an effective vaccine. This will result in high levels of maternal antibodies passed to the calf through the colostrum it receives after birth. SCOUR BOS^® 9 is the ideal vaccine because it provides heterologous coverage for multiple rotavirus serotypes, coronavirus, 4 types of E. coli, and Clostridium perfringens Type C.

It is vital that herds are managed to insure that all calves receive adequate levels of colostrum within the first critical hours after birth. In severe outbreaks, it may also be necessary for dairy calves to continue receiving milk from vaccinated cows, free of Johne's disease, until they have passed the susceptible age.

Cl. perfringens Type C Antitoxin Titers

Group (pooled samples)	Titer (AU/mL)
Dam's colostrum	≥ 50 < 100
Calf serum (3 days of age)	≥ 10
Calf serum (10 days of age)	≥ 10

E. coli Challenge

Group	% Mortality	Avg. Clinical Score
Vaccinates	0%	1.5
Controls	70% p = 0.0002	82.9 p = 0.0000
	EXTREMELY SIGNIFICANT

Coronavirus Challenge

Group	Geometric Mean Titers		Dehydration Difference	Depression Difference	Clinical Difference
	Calf Serum	Dam Colostrum
Vaccinates	2.5X increase	4X increase	p = 0.0004	p = 0.0005	p = 0.0003
Controls	baseline	baseline	EXTREMELY SIGNIFICANT

Rotavirus Challenge

Group	Geometric Mean Titers		Dehydration Difference	Depression Difference	Clinical Difference
	Calf Serum	Dam Colostrum
Vaccinates	13X increase	7X increase	p = 0.0004	p = 0.0004	p = 0.001
Controls	baseline	baseline	EXTREMELY SIGNIFICANT

U.S. Vet. License No. 303; Novartis Animal Health US, Inc., Larchwood, IA 51241 USA; ©2004 Novartis Animal Health US, Inc., All rights reserved; Scour Bos and Xtend are registered trademarks of Novartis AG

MP-F251-APR00

10 Doses	20 mL	251
50 Doses	100 mL	252

Nac No.

12310452