Cerenia Tablets (60 mg) (Canada)

Each CERENIA Tablet contains 16, 24, 60 or 160 mg maropitant (as maropitant citrate) as the medicinal ingredient.

Cerenia Tablets (60 mg) Indications

For the symptomatic treatment of acute vomiting (e.g. parvo-virus infection, gastro-enteritis and pancreatitis) and the prevention of vomiting associated with motion sickness, in dogs.

Cerenia Tablets (60 mg) Dosage And Administration

For The Symptomatic Treatment Of Acute Vomiting

The recommended dosage for oral administration of CERENIA Tablets is 2 mg/kg body weight (BW) given once daily for up to 5 consecutive days. CERENIA Tablets can be used interchangeably with CERENIA Injection to treat acute vomiting for up to 5 days with the most convenient formulation being administered once daily. The dose is different depending on the formulation.

For The Prevention Of Motion Sickness

The recommended dosage for oral administration of CERENIA Tablets is 8 mg/kg BW. Dogs should be fed 1 hour before treatment with CERENIA Tablets and CERENIA Tablets should be administered 2 hours prior to the car ride. Administration for the prevention of motion sickness may be repeated daily for a maximum of 2 consecutive days.

Cerenia Tablets Are Scored For Accurate Dosing. cerenia Tablets Should Not Be Administered Wrapped In Food As This May Delay Dissolution Of The Tablet, Consequently Delaying The Onset Of Efficacy. Dogs Should Be Carefully Observed Following Administration To Ensure That The Tablet(s) Is Swallowed.

2 Mg/kg Bw Dosing

For The Symptomatic Treatment Of Acute Vomiting
Dog Body Weight	Number Of Tablets
Kilogram	16 Mg	24 Mg	60 Mg
1.0 - 4.0	1/2
4.1 - 8.0	1
8.1 - 12.0		1
12.1 - 24.0		2
24.1 - 30.0			1
30.1 - 60.0			2

8 Mg/kg Bw Dosing

For The Prevention Of Motion Sickness
Dog Body Weight	Number Of Tablets
Kilograms	16 Mg	24 Mg	60 Mg	160 Mg
1	1/2
1.1 - 1.5		1/2
1.6 - 2.0	1
2.1 - 3.0		1
3.1 - 4.0	2
4.1 - 6.0		2
6.1 - 7.5			1
7.6 - 10.0				1/2
10.1 - 15.0			2
15.1 - 20.0				1
20.1 - 30.0				1 1/2
30.1 - 40.0				2
40.1 - 60.0				3

Clinical Pharmacology

Pharmacokinetics

In a series of studies undertaken to characterize the pharmacokinetics of maropitant in dogs following oral (PO) or subcutaneous (SC) administration, the absolute bioavailability of maropitant was much higher (90.7%) following subcutaneous injection than after oral administration (23.7% at the 2 mg/kg dose). Feeding status had no effect on oral bioavailability. Hepatic first-pass metabolism contributed to the relatively low bioavailability of maropitant following oral administration. Maximum plasma drug concentration (C_max) occurred at 0.75 hour (T_max) after subcutaneous administration at 1 mg/kg, and at 1.9 hours (mean T_max values) after oral administration of a 2 mg/kg dose. The apparent elimination half-life of maropitant was 8.84 after dosing at 1 mg/kg (SC). The apparent elimination half-life of maropitant determined after one oral dose (2 mg/kg, PO) was 4.03 hours. After 5 days of dosing (2 mg/kg, PO) the elimination half-life increases. Systemic clearance of maropitant following intravenous (IV) administration was 970, 995, and 533 mL/h/kg at doses of 1, 2 and 8 mg/kg, respectively, thus confirming the non-linear disposition of maropitant within the 2-8 mg/kg dose range. Also, non-proportional kinetics of orally administered maropitant was established at doses ranging from 2 to 16 mg/kg. Dose linearity was demonstrated for maropitant following SC administration at 0.5x, 1x, and 2x the intended SC use dose (i.e., 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg). Following once daily administration of maropitant for five consecutive days at 1 mg/kg (SC) or 2 mg/kg (PO), accumulation occurred with the mean AUC_0-24h for the last dose ranging between 142% and 151% that of the first dose. Urinary recovery of maropitant and its major metabolite CJ-18,518 was minimal (<1%). The hepatic metabolism of maropitant involves two cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes: CYP2D15 and CYP3A12. The non-linear kinetics observed at 2X the intended oral use dose is likely linked to saturation of the low capacity CYP2D15; however, as doses increase (20-50 mg/kg PO), involvement of the CYP3A12-mediated high capacity process tends to re-establish linearity. Plasma protein binding of maropitant was high (>99%). There were no clinically significant pharmacokinetic differences between sexes.

Pharmacodynamics

Emesis is a complex process coordinated centrally by the emetic center which consists of several brainstem nuclei (area postrema, nucleus tractus solitarius, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus) that receive and integrate sensory stimuli from central and peripheral sources and chemical stimuli from the circulation and the cerebro-spinal fluid. Maropitant is a neurokinin 1 (NK₁) receptor antagonist which acts by inhibiting the binding of substance P, a neuropeptide of the tachykinin family. Substance P is found in significant concentrations in the nuclei comprising the emetic center and is considered the key neurotransmitter involved in emesis. By inhibiting the binding of substance P within the emetic center, maropitant provides broad-spectrum efficacy against neural (central) and humoral (peripheral) causes of emesis. A variety of in vitro assays have demonstrated that maropitant displays potent and selective binding at the NK₁ receptor with dose-dependent functional antagonism of substance P activity. In vivo model studies in dogs have shown that maropitant has potent anti-emetic efficacy against central and peripheral emetogens including apomorphine, cisplatin and syrup of ipecac.

Contraindications: Cerenia Is Contraindicated In Dogs Suspected Of Having A Gastrointestinal Obstruction Or Toxin Ingestion. Immediate Treatment Should Be Directed At Addressing The Underlying Cause Not The Sign Of Vomiting.

caution

Safety in breeding, pregnant, or lactating dogs and puppies less than 16 weeks of age has not been established. See the ANIMAL SAFETY section for complete information. Emesis may be associated with serious, severely debilitating conditions, and therefore appropriate diagnostic evaluations should be employed. Hypovolemia in combination with maropitant may increase the risk for hypotension; all dogs with on-going emesis should receive rehydration therapy. CERENIA Tablets should be used with caution in dogs with bradycardia or underlying heart disease since maropitant may increase the risk of arrhythmias. Maropitant is metabolized in the liver and therefore should be used with caution in dogs with hepatic disease. Maropitant is a highly protein bound drug; interactions of injectable maropitant with other drugs may result in increased concentrations of maropitant; interactions with maropitant injectable have not been thoroughly investigated. Hypoproteinemic dogs being treated with maropitant should be monitored closely; if adverse effects are seen, treatment should be discontinued. If maropitant therapy has not been effective after 3 days of use, alternative treatment to control vomiting should be pursued. The concurrent use of maropitant with other anti-emetic agents has not been assessed.

Warnings

Keep out of reach of children. If accidentally ingested, seek medical advice. Topical exposure may elicit localized allergic skin reactions in some individuals. Repeated or prolonged exposure may lead to skin sensitization. In case of accidental skin exposure, wash with soap and water. CERENIA is also an ocular irritant. In case of accidental eye exposure, flush with water for 15 minutes and seek medical attention.

Adverse Reactions

Symptomatic Treatment Of Acute Vomiting (2 Mg/kg)

The following adverse reactions were reported during the course of a U.S. field study for the prevention of acute vomiting in dogs treated with CERENIA Tablets at 2 mg/kg orally and/or CERENIA Injection at 1.0 mg/kg subcutaneously once daily for up to 5 consecutive days:

Frequency of Adverse Reactions by Treatment

Adverse Reaction	Placebo (n=69)		Cerenia (n=206)
	# Dogs	% Occurrence	# Dogs	% Occurrence
Death during study	4	5.8	10	4.9
Euthanized during study	0	0	2	1.0
Diarrhea	6	8.7	8	3.9
Hematochezia/bloody stool	5	7.2	4	1.9
Anorexia	2	2.9	3	1.5
Otitis/Otorrhea	0	0	3	1.5
Endotoxic Shock	1	1.4	2	1.0
Hematuria	0	0	2	1.0
Excoriation	0	0	2	1.0
Lack of Efficacy	6	8.7	5	2.4

Other clinical signs were reported but were <0.5% of dogs.

Prevention Of Motion Sickness (8 Mg/kg)

The following adverse reactions were reported during U.S. studies for the prevention of vomiting due to motion sickness in dogs treated with CERENIA Tablets at 8 mg/kg orally one time. Dogs may have experienced more than one of the observed adverse reactions.

Frequency Of Adverse Reactions By Treatment

Adverse Reaction	Placebo (n=195)		Cerenia (n=208)
	# Dogs	% Occurrence	# Dogs	% Occurrence
Hypersalivation	19	9.7	26	12.5
Vomiting1	0	0	11	5.3
Muscle Tremors	1	0.5	2	1.0
Sedation/Depression	3	1.5	2	1.0
Retching	3	1.5	1	0.5
Flatulence	0	0	1	0.5

¹ Not associated with motion sickness

Animal Safety

Laboratory studies and clinical field evaluations have demonstrated that CERENIA is well tolerated in dogs after oral administration.

Target Animal Safety Studies For Acute Vomiting

Fifty six Beagle dogs (28 males and 28 females) approximately 16 weeks of age were administered CERENIA Tablets orally once daily for 15 days at 0, 2, 6, and 10 mg/kg. There were 8 dogs (4 males and 4 females) in the 2 mg/kg group and 16 dogs (8 males and 8 females) in all other groups. CERENIA Tablets caused decreases in food consumption and body weight that were not dose-dependent and did not persist after cessation of treatment.

Beagle dogs approximately 8 weeks of age were administered CERENIA Tablets orally once daily for 15 days at 0, 2, 6, and 10 mg/kg using a protocol similar to the previous study. A dose dependent increase in severity of bone marrow hypoplasia was observed histologically. Interpretation of these study results is complicated by the health status of dogs used in the study. Dogs used in the study were weaned early, minimally acclimated to the test facility, many of the dogs in the study tested positive for coccidia and some tested positive for canine parvovirus.

Target Animal Safety Studies For Motion Sickness

Forty Beagle dogs (20 males and 20 females) between 16 - 18 weeks of age were administered CERENIA Tablets orally once daily for 6 days at 0, 8 and 24 mg/kg. There were 16 dogs (8 males and 8 females) in the 0 and 24 mg/kg groups and 8 dogs (4 males and 4 females) in the 8 mg/kg group. At 24 mg/kg, CERENIA Tablets caused statistically significant decreases in food consumption, with decreases in body weight, liver and testis weight; and an increase in RBC count indicating hemoconcentration, but the effects on feed consumption, body weight, and RBCs did not persist in the post-treatment recovery period (beyond Day 5).

Beagle dogs approximately 8 weeks of age were administered CERENIA Tablets orally once daily for 6 days at 0, 8, and 24 mg/kg using a protocol similar to the previous study. One dog in the 24 mg/kg/day group died of unknown causes on study day 2 and a dose dependent increase in occurrence and severity of bone marrow hypoplasia and lymphoid depletion was observed histologically. Interpretation of these study results is complicated by the health status of dogs used in the study. Dogs used in the study were weaned early, minimally acclimated to the test facility, and many of the dogs in the study tested positive for coccidia. Additionally, some dogs in the study tested positive for canine parvovirus, however, clinical parvoviral disease was not definitively diagnosed.

Cerenia Was Used In Dogs Receiving Other Frequently Used Veterinary Products Such As Fluid And Electrolyte Replacement Solutions, Antimicrobial Agents, Vaccines, Antacids, And Antiparasitic Agents. There Were No Notable Differences In Mean Laboratory Values Between cerenia Treated And Placebo-treated Patients.

efficacy

In laboratory model studies, CERENIA Tablets dosed at 2 mg/kg BW significantly reduced the number of emetic events associated with established neural (central) and humoral (peripheral) stimuli. In vivo studies in dogs demonstrated the antiemetic efficacy of maropitant against central and peripheral emetics including apomorphine, cisplatin and syrup of ipecac. Following administration of syrup of ipecac emesis was observed in 33% (4 of 12) of dogs treated with CERENIA Tablets and in 83% (10 of 12) of dogs treated with placebo tablets. Following administration of apomorphine, emesis was observed in 33% (4 of 12) of dogs treated with CERENIA Tablets and 100% (12 of 12) of dogs treated with placebo tablets.

Symptomatic Treatment Of Acute Vomiting

In a study of 275 canine patients presented to veterinary hospitals with a history of acute vomiting, dogs were initially administered CERENIA Injection or placebo on Day 0. Following the initial dose, dogs allocated to the CERENIA group were treated with either CERENIA Tablets at 2 mg/kg orally or CERENIA Injection at 1 mg/kg subcutaneously once daily at the discretion of the clinician. Dogs allocated to the placebo group were treated using either an injectable placebo solution or placebo tablets once daily at the discretion of the clinician. Of the 252 dogs included in the analysis for effectiveness, 32 of 64 dogs (50%) in the placebo group displayed vomiting at some time during the study and 41 of 188 dogs (21.8%) in the treated group displayed vomiting during the study period.

Percent of Vomiting for Each Study Day, Based Upon Treatment and Route of Administration.

Days	Treatment	Route	# Dogs	# Vomited	% Vomited
Day 0	Placebo (63)	SC	63	18	29%
	Cerenia (182)	sc	182	18	10%
day 1	Placebo (64)	PO	26	4	15%
		SC	27	17	63%
	Cerenia (182)	po	96	3	3%
		sc	46	17	37%
day 2	Placebo (63)	PO	13	2	15%
		SC	9	6	67%
	Cerenia (170)	po	40	0	0%
		sc	14	9	64%
day 3	Placebo (55)	PO	2	0	0%
		SC	5	1	20%
	Cerenia (165)	po	16	0	0%
		sc	6	4	67%
day 4	Placebo (19)	PO	1	0	0%
		SC	1	1	100%
	Cerenia (73)	po	7	1	14%
		sc	2	1	50%

in Those Field Studies Of Veterinary Patients, cerenia Tablets And Injection Were Well Tolerated In Dogs Presenting With Various Conditions.

number Of Dogs With Emesis Due To Various Clinical Conditions Treated In U.s. Clinical Veterinary Patient Study With Cerenia Tablets And Injection

	Cerenia (n = 206)	placebo (n = 69)
parvoviral Enteritis	50	22
gastroenteritis And Related1	93	24
acute Pancreatitis	20	8
renal Disease2	4	4
hepatic Disease3	6	0

¹ This Medical Condition Included Dietary Gastritis, Dietary Indiscretion, Digestive Tract Bacterial And Viral Infections, Enteritis, Gastritis, Gastroenteritis, And Haemorrhagic, Parasitic And Viral Gastroenteritis

² This Medical Condition Included Acute Renal Failure, Decompensated Chronic Renal Failure, Miscellaneous Renal Disorder Nos And Pyelonephritis

³ This Medical Condition Included Hepatic Disease And Hepatitis

prevention Of Motion Sickness

In a study of canine veterinary patients taken on a one-hour car journey and treated with either CERENIA Tablets at a minimum dose of 8 mg/kg BW or placebo tablets 2 hours prior to the journey, 67 of 122 (55%) of dogs vomited during the journey when treated with placebo while 8 of 122 (7%) vomited during the journey after treatment with CERENIA Tablets. The probability that a dog in this study, prone to motion sickness would NOT vomit during a journey if treated with CERENIA Tablets was 93%, while the probability was 48% if treated with placebo.

Storage

Store at a temperature between 15 and 30°C.

PRESENTATION: CERENIA scored tablets are supplied as described below:

Concentration	No. Tablets Per Blister
16 mg	4
24 mg	4
60 mg	4
160 mg	4

® Registered trademark of Pfizer Products Inc.; Pfizer Canada Inc., Licensee.

Pfizer Animal Health, Pfizer Canada Inc., Kirkland QC H9J 2M5

DIN 02299496 (16 mg), 02299518 (24 mg), 02299526 (60 mg), 02299534 (160 mg)

8179-11-0

8814670

Nac No.

11983432