Resveratrol

What is Resveratrol?

Resveratrol is a natural compound found in red grape skin, Japanese knotweed (polygonum cuspidatum), peanuts, blueberries and some other berries. It is a powerful antioxidant produced by some plants to protect them against environmental stresses. Antioxidants neutralize free radicals, which are believed to be the cause of aging. Japanese knotweed is the plant source with the highest resveratrol content.

A large amount of resveratrol is produced in the skin of grapes to protect against fungal diseases and sun damage; therefore wine has high levels of resveratrol compared to other natural food. Red wine has more resveratrol than white wine because red wines are fermented with the grape skins longer than white wines. Hence, many of the antioxidants including resveratrol that are naturally present in the grape skins are extracted into the wine. Resveratrol is also present in the seeds and pomace of grapes.

Grapes grown in humid environments tend to have more resveratrol than grapes grown in more arid environments. The theory behind this phenomenon is that grapes grown in humid environments produce more resveratrol in order to fight damaging fungus (i.e. grapes grown in arid environments do not need to produce as much resveratrol to survive).

Resveratrol is believed to be responsible for low rates of heart disease in the French population compared to other populations, in spite of the fact that they have many risk factors including a high fat diet, smoking and consumption of high amounts of coffee. All of these are known contributors of high cholesterol, high blood pressure, stroke and heart attacks. In theory this benefit in the French population is due to the consumption of moderate amounts of red wine, which is a source resveratrol.

Resveratrol is available as dietary supplements from red wine extracts, grape seed extracts and Japanese knotweed extracts among others. Most supplements on the market are derived from Japanese knotweed because this plant has one of the highest concentrations of resveratrol found in nature.

The amount and purity of resveratrol in supplements can vary widely. Micronized resveratrol is available in pill or powder form. The process of micronization greatly reduces the average particle size of a compound and increases absorption.

Resveratrol is also available in solution form and as a transdermal patch.

How does Resveratrol work?

Resveratrol protects a cell's DNA. It is a powerful antioxidant that can help prevent cell damage caused by free radicals. Free radicals are unstable atoms caused by pollution, sunlight and our bodies natural burning of fat that can lead to cancer, aging and brain degeneration.

What are the benefits of taking Resveratrol?

Resveratrol has many health benefits such as protecting the heart and circulatory system by lowering cholesterol. Recent studies have found that resveratrol inhibits blood platelet aggregation that can lead to dangerous clots, which can cause heart attacks and strokes.

It lowers blood sugar levels especially for type 2 diabetes, assists skin health and boosts energy levels.

It is known to be a potent natural molecule against cancer and reduces the incidence of breast, prostate and other forms of cancer.

It protects the brain and helps with improving memory, and is therefore used in Alzheimer’s disease. Resveratrol slows down the aging of cells and molecules and increases human longevity. It also reduces inflammation and joint pain and increases joint mobility.

What other drugs will affect Resveratrol?

The probable interaction with blood thinners should be taken into consideration. Patients taking medications such as aspirin and warfarin, etc., should advise their doctor that they are taking resveratrol.

Who should not take Resveratrol?

Patients who have blood disorders, which can cause bleeding, should be monitored by a physician while taking this product. People undergoing surgery should stop taking resveratrol two weeks before the surgery and not take it for two weeks after the surgery to reduce the risk of bleeding.

Do not take resveratrol supplements or excessive amounts of natural foods containing resveratrol, while pregnant or breast-feeding. There is a lack of research in this area to prove safety. Resveratrol should be avoided in children.

Resveratrol has mild estrogenic activity and until more is known, women with cancers and other conditions that are estrogen sensitive should seek medical advice before taking resveratrol.

Resveratrol reduces the activity of enzymes involved with drug metabolism but whether it has a significant effect in humans has not been studied.

What are the possible side effects of Resveratrol?

Adverse effects of resveratrol in people have not been reported. Long-term side effects are not known.

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