Hypoplasminogenemia (Plasminogen Deficiency Type 1) is a genetic condition characterized by thick growths on the mucous membranes of the body.
Hypoplasminogenemia is caused by alterations in the plasminogen (PLG) gene, which leads to a deficiency of the enzyme plasminogen.
Plasminogen is a naturally occurring protein that is synthesized by the liver and circulates in the blood. Activated plasminogen, known as plasmin, is the main enzyme involved in fibrinolysis, which is the breakdown of fibrin. Fibrin is an important protein in blood clotting and wound healing. When there are reduced levels of plasminogen, fibrin abnormally accumulates in the body, causing local inflammation and the development of ligneous growths that have a texture that resembles wood.
The most common mucous membranes affected are the conjunctiva (the membrane that lines the eyes) and the gingiva (gums).
When the growths affect the conjunctiva, the condition is called ligneous conjunctivitis. The lesions can cause damage to the cornea, and can lead to a loss of vision. When the gums are affected, the condition is called ligneous gingivitis. These growths are not usually painful, but can lead to a loss of gum tissue and potentially a loss of teeth.
Other mucous membranes that can be affected include those lining the nose, middle ear, stomach and intestines (gastrointestinal tract), respiratory tract and the female genital tract. The disorder can also affect the kidneys and the brain.
The first FDA approved treatment for hypoplasminogenemia is Ryplazim (plasminogen, human-tvmh). Ryplazim works by increasing the plasma level of plasminogen, temporarily correcting the deficiency and reducing or resolving lesions.
Drugs used to treat Hypoplasminogenemia
The medications listed below are related to or used in the treatment of this condition.
For ratings, users were asked how effective they found the medicine while considering positive/adverse effects and ease of use (1 = not effective, 10 = most effective).
Activity
Activity is based on recent site visitor activity relative to other medications in the list.
Rx
Prescription only.
OTC
Over-the-counter.
Rx/OTC
Prescription or Over-the-counter.
Off-label
This medication may not be approved by the FDA for the treatment of this condition.
EUA
An Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) allows the FDA to authorize unapproved medical products or unapproved uses of approved medical products to be used in a declared public health emergency when there are no adequate, approved, and available alternatives.
Expanded Access
Expanded Access is a potential pathway for a patient with a serious or immediately life-threatening disease or condition to gain access to an investigational medical product (drug, biologic, or medical device) for treatment outside of clinical trials when no comparable or satisfactory alternative therapy options are available.
Pregnancy Category
A
Adequate and well-controlled studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy (and there is no evidence of risk in later trimesters).
B
Animal reproduction studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.
C
Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use in pregnant women despite potential risks.
D
There is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience or studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use in pregnant women despite potential risks.
X
Studies in animals or humans have demonstrated fetal abnormalities and/or there is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience, and the risks involved in use in pregnant women clearly outweigh potential benefits.
N
FDA has not classified the drug.
Controlled Substances Act (CSA) Schedule
M
The drug has multiple schedules. The schedule may depend on the exact dosage form or strength of the medication.
U
CSA Schedule is unknown.
N
Is not subject to the Controlled Substances Act.
1
Has a high potential for abuse. Has no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. There is a lack of accepted safety for use under medical supervision.
2
Has a high potential for abuse. Has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States or a currently accepted medical use with severe restrictions. Abuse may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence.
3
Has a potential for abuse less than those in schedules 1 and 2. Has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. Abuse may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence.
4
Has a low potential for abuse relative to those in schedule 3. It has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. Abuse may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to those in schedule 3.
5
Has a low potential for abuse relative to those in schedule 4. Has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. Abuse may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to those in schedule 4.
Alcohol
X
Interacts with Alcohol.
Further information
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