Rhinosinusitis

Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on Apr 2, 2024.

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What is rhinosinusitis (RS)?

RS is inflammation or infection of your nasal passages and sinuses. RS is most often caused by a virus but may be caused by bacteria. Acute RS lasts up to 12 weeks. Chronic RS lasts more than 12 weeks. Recurrent RS means you have 4 or more infections in 1 year.

What are the signs and symptoms of rhinosinusitis?

• Fever
• Pain, pressure, redness, or swelling around the forehead, cheeks, or eyes
• Thick yellow or green discharge from your nose
• Loss of smell or taste
• Dry cough that happens mostly at night or when you lie down
• Headache and face pain that is worse when you lean forward
• Tooth pain, or pain when you chew

How is rhinosinusitis diagnosed?

Your healthcare provider will examine you and ask about your symptoms. He or she may look inside your nose. You may also need any of the following tests:

• A sample of mucus from your nose may show which germ is causing your infection.
• A CT or MRI of your head is used to see the mucous lining of your sinuses. You may be given contrast liquid to help your sinuses show up better in the pictures. Tell your provider if you have ever had an allergic reaction to contrast liquid. Do not enter the MRI room with anything metal. Metal can cause serious injury. Tell your provider if you have any metal in or on your body.

How is rhinosinusitis treated?

Your symptoms may go away on their own. Your healthcare provider may recommend watchful waiting for up to 10 days before starting antibiotics. Antibiotics will not help if the infection is caused by a virus. Check with your provider before you take any over-the-counter medicines. You may need any of the following:

• Acetaminophen decreases pain and fever. It is available without a doctor's order. Ask how much to take and how often to take it. Follow directions. Read the labels of all other medicines you are using to see if they also contain acetaminophen, or ask your doctor or pharmacist. Acetaminophen can cause liver damage if not taken correctly.
• NSAIDs , such as ibuprofen, help decrease swelling, pain, and fever. This medicine is available with or without a doctor's order. NSAIDs can cause stomach bleeding or kidney problems in certain people. If you take blood thinner medicine, always ask your healthcare provider if NSAIDs are safe for you. Always read the medicine label and follow directions.
• Nasal steroid sprays help decrease inflammation in your nose and sinuses.
• Decongestants help reduce swelling and drain mucus in the nose and sinuses. They may help you breathe easier. Do not use decongestants for more than 3 days.
• Antihistamines help dry mucus in the nose and relieve sneezing.
• Antibiotics help treat or prevent a bacterial infection.

How can I manage my symptoms?

• Rinse your sinuses as directed. Use a sinus rinse device to rinse your nasal passages with a saline (salt water) solution or distilled water. Do not use tap water. A sinus rinse will help thin the mucus in your nose and rinse away pollen and dirt. It will also help lower swelling so you can breathe normally.
• Use a humidifier to increase air moisture in your home. Moist air may make it easier for you to breathe and help decrease your cough.
• Sleep with your head raised. Place an extra pillow under your head before you go to sleep to help your sinuses drain.
• Drink liquids as directed. Ask your healthcare provider how much liquid to drink each day and which liquids are best for you. Liquids will thin the mucus in your nose and help it drain. Do not have drinks that contain alcohol or caffeine.
• Do not smoke, and avoid secondhand smoke. Nicotine and other chemicals in cigarettes and cigars can make your symptoms worse. Ask your healthcare provider for information if you currently smoke and need help to quit. E-cigarettes or smokeless tobacco still contain nicotine. Talk to your healthcare provider before you use these products.

How can I help prevent the spread of germs?

• Wash your hands often with soap and water. Wash your hands after you use the bathroom, change a child's diaper, or sneeze. Wash your hands before you prepare or eat food.
• Stay away from people who are sick. Some germs spread easily and quickly through contact.

When should I seek immediate care?

• You have trouble breathing, or wheezing that is getting worse.
• You have a stiff neck, a fever, or a bad headache.
• You cannot open your eye.
• Your eyeball bulges out, or you cannot move your eye.
• You are more sleepy than usual, or you notice changes in your ability to think, move, or talk.
• You have swelling of your forehead or scalp.

When should I call my doctor?

• You have vision changes, such as double vision.
• Your eye and eyelid are red, swollen, and painful.
• Your symptoms do not improve after 10 days.
• You have nausea and are vomiting.
• Your nose is bleeding.
• You have questions or concerns about your condition or care.

Care Agreement

You have the right to help plan your care. Learn about your health condition and how it may be treated. Discuss treatment options with your healthcare providers to decide what care you want to receive. You always have the right to refuse treatment. The above information is an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatments. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before following any medical regimen to see if it is safe and effective for you.

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