Can Ozempic and Wegovy cause blindness?

Yes, there is a potential link between Ozempic and Wegovy (both containing semaglutide) and an increased risk of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), a condition that can lead to blindness. However, more research is needed to understand whether Ozempic, Wegovy, and other GLP-1 agonists cause this vision problem since people who have diabetes, heart disease, and other medical conditions are already at risk for it.

What is the evidence?

An observational study published in JAMA Ophthalmology in July 2024 found an association between taking semaglutide and NAION. Researchers stated that while a link was observed, this type of study is not able to prove whether Ozempic or Wegovy cause NAION.

• Out of 194 people with type 2 diabetes taking semaglutide, 17 people experienced NAION.
• Out of 361 people taking semaglutide for obesity or overweight, 20 people experienced NAION.
• Over 36 months, the cumulative incidence of NAION for the semaglutide vs non-GLP-1 RA groups was 6.7% and 0.8%, respectively.

Experts caution that more research is needed to understand whether Ozempic or Wegovy can cause blindness, since there are many factors that need to be looked at. For example, how long a person has had diabetes and how severe it is are important risk factors to consider.

What are Ozempic and Wegovy used for?

Ozempic is FDA approved to treat type 2 diabetes in addition to diet and exercise, as well as lower the risk of major cardiovascular events in certain adults. Wegovy is FDA approved for weight loss and weight maintenance in certain people 12 years and older. It is also approved to lower the risk of major cardiovascular events in adults with heart disease and too much weight.

Semaglutide, the active ingredient in both Ozempic and Wegovy, is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA). It works to lower blood sugar by causing the pancreas to release more insulin. It also slows down your digestion, making you feel fuller longer.

While there are some risks to using Ozempic and Wegovy, it is important for you and your healthcare provider to weigh them with the potential benefits to your health. If you have already been prescribed one of these medications, the American Academy of Ophthalmology and North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society don’t recommend that you stop taking them. However, they caution that people should watch out for signs and symptoms of vision problems.

Related questions

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What are the signs of NAION?

NAION can happen at any time. If you experience any of the following signs of NAION, stop taking Ozempic or Wegovy and contact your healthcare provider right away:

• Blurry vision
• Distorted colors
• Light sensitivity
• Loss of peripheral vision
• Dark or gray spot in your vision

Pain is not usually common, and most people experience symptoms in only one eye.

This is not all the information you need to know about Ozempic (semaglutide) and Wegovy (semaglutide) for safe and effective use and does not replace your doctor's instructions. Review the full product information, and discuss this information with your healthcare provider.