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Drug Interactions between Aggrenox and Probuphine

This report displays the potential drug interactions for the following 2 drugs:

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Interactions between your drugs

No interactions were found between Aggrenox and Probuphine. However, this does not necessarily mean no interactions exist. Always consult your healthcare provider.

Aggrenox

A total of 361 drugs are known to interact with Aggrenox.

Probuphine

A total of 686 drugs are known to interact with Probuphine.

Drug and food interactions

Major

buprenorphine food

Applies to: Probuphine (buprenorphine)

GENERALLY AVOID: Concomitant use of buprenorphine with benzodiazepines or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants (e.g., nonbenzodiazepine sedatives/hypnotics, anxiolytics, muscle relaxants, general anesthetics, antipsychotics, other opioids, alcohol) may increase the risk of buprenorphine overdose, severe respiratory depression, coma, and death. Reported cases have primarily occurred in the setting of buprenorphine maintenance treatment for opiate addiction, and many, but not all, involved abuse or misuse of buprenorphine including intravenous self-injection. The mechanism of interaction probably involves some degree of additive pharmacologic effects. Preclinical studies also suggest that benzodiazepines can alter the usual ceiling effect on buprenorphine-induced respiratory depression and render the respiratory effects of buprenorphine appear similar to those of full opioid agonists. Coadministration of buprenorphine with some CNS depressants such as alcohol, benzodiazepines, and phenothiazines may also increase the risk of hypotension.

MANAGEMENT: The use of opioids in conjunction with benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants should generally be avoided unless alternative treatment options are inadequate. If coadministration is necessary, the dosage and duration of each drug should be limited to the minimum required to achieve desired clinical effect. Patients should be monitored closely for signs and symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation, and advised to avoid driving or operating hazardous machinery until they know how these medications affect them. Extreme caution is advised when prescribing buprenorphine to patients who are addicted to opioids and also abusing benzodiazepines or alcohol. Due to potential risk of overdose and death, dependence on sedative-hypnotics such as benzodiazepines or alcohol is considered a relative contraindication for office-based buprenorphine treatment of opioid addiction. For patients who have been receiving extended therapy with both an opioid and a benzodiazepine and require discontinuation of either medication, a gradual tapering of dose is advised, since abrupt withdrawal may lead to withdrawal symptoms. Severe cases of benzodiazepine withdrawal, primarily in patients who have received excessive doses over a prolonged period, may result in numbness and tingling of extremities, hypersensitivity to light and noise, hallucinations, and epileptic seizures.

References

  1. (2002) "Product Information. Suboxone (buprenorphine-naloxone)." Reckitt and Colman Pharmaceuticals Inc
  2. Kilicarslan T, Sellers EM (2000) "Lack of interaction of buprenorphine with flunitrazepam metabolism." Am J Psychiatry, 157, p. 1164-6
  3. Reynaud M, Petit G, Potard D, Courty P (1998) "Six deaths linked to concomitant use of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines." Addiction, 93, p. 1385-92
  4. Tracqui A, Kintz P, Ludes B (1998) "Buprenorphine-related deaths among drug addicts in France: a report on 20 fatalities." J Anal Toxicol, 22, p. 430-4
  5. Reynaud M, Tracqui A, Petit G, Potard D, Courty P (1998) "Six deaths linked to misuse of buprenorphine-benzodiazepine combinations." Am J Psychiatry, 155, p. 448-9
  6. Kintz P (2002) "A new series of 13 buprenorphine-related deaths." Clin Biochem, 35, p. 513-6
  7. Martin HA (2011) "The possible consequences of combining lorazepam and buprenorphine/naloxone: a case review." J Emerg Nurs, 37, p. 200-2
  8. Hakkinen M, Launiainen T, Vuori E, Ojanpera I (2012) "Benzodiazepines and alcohol are associated with cases of fatal buprenorphine poisoning." Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 68, p. 301-9
  9. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US) (2013) Clinical Guidelines for the Use of Buprenorphine in the Treatment of Opioid Addiction. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 40 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK64245/
  10. Schuman-Olivier Z, Hoeppner BB, Weiss RD, Borodovsky J, Shaffer HJ, Albanese MJ (2013) "Benzodiazepine use during buprenorphine treatment for opioid dependence: clinical and safety outcomes." Drug Alcohol Depend, 132, p. 580-6
  11. Ferrant O, Papin F, Clin B, et al. (2011) "Fatal poisoning due to snorting buprenorphine and alcohol consumption." Forensic Sci Int, 204, e8-11
  12. Pirnay S, Borron SW, Giudicelli CP, Tourneau J, Baud FJ, Ricordel I (2004) "A critical review of the causes of death among post-morten toxicological investigations: analysis of 34 buprenorphine-associated and 35 methadone-associated deaths." Addiction, 99, p. 978-88
  13. Kintz P (2001) "Deaths involving buprenorphine: a compendium of French cases." Forensic Sci Int, 121, p. 65-9
  14. Sekar M, Mimpriss TJ (1987) "Buprenorphine, benzodiazepines and prolonged respiratory depression." Anaesthesia, 42, p. 567-8
  15. Gueye PN, Borron SW, Risede P, et al. (2002) "Buprenorphine and midazolalm act in combination to depress respiration in rats." Toxicol Sci, 65, p. 107-14
  16. US Food and Drug Administration (2016) FDA warns about serious risks and death when combining opioid pain or cough medicines with benzodiazepines; requires its strongest warning. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/DrugSafety/UCM518672.pdf
View all 16 references

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Moderate

dipyridamole food

Applies to: Aggrenox (aspirin / dipyridamole)

ADJUST DOSING INTERVAL: Caffeine and other xanthine derivatives (e.g., theophylline) are nonspecific, competitive antagonists of adenosine receptors. As such, they may interfere with the vasodilating effect of dipyridamole, an adenosine receptor agonist. In studies of healthy volunteers, caffeine has been shown to reduce the hemodynamic response (i.e., heart rate increases, vasodilation, blood pressure changes) to dipyridamole infusions, and both caffeine and theophylline have been reported to cause false-negative results in myocardial scintigraphy tests using dipyridamole.

MANAGEMENT: Patients should avoid consumption of caffeine-containing products for at least 24 hours prior to administration of dipyridamole for myocardial perfusion imaging.

References

  1. Smits P, Aengevaeren WR, Corstens FH, Thien T (1989) "Caffeine reduces dipyridamole-induced myocardial ischemia." J Nucl Med, 30, p. 1723-6
  2. (2002) "Product Information. Persantine (dipyridamole)." Boehringer-Ingelheim
  3. Ranhosky A, Kempthorne-Rawson J, the Intravenous Dipyridamole Thallium Imaging Study Group (1990) "The safety of intravenous dipyridamole thallium myocardial perfusion imaging." Circulation, 81, p. 1205-9

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Moderate

aspirin food

Applies to: Aggrenox (aspirin / dipyridamole)

GENERALLY AVOID: The concurrent use of aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and ethanol may lead to gastrointestinal (GI) blood loss. The mechanism may be due to a combined local effect as well as inhibition of prostaglandins leading to decreased integrity of the GI lining.

MANAGEMENT: Patients should be counseled on this potential interaction and advised to refrain from alcohol consumption while taking aspirin or NSAIDs.

References

  1. (2002) "Product Information. Motrin (ibuprofen)." Pharmacia and Upjohn

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Moderate

dipyridamole food

Applies to: Aggrenox (aspirin / dipyridamole)

ADJUST DOSING INTERVAL: Methylxanthines (e.g., caffeine, theophylline) are nonspecific, competitive antagonists of adenosine receptors. As such, they may interfere with the pharmacologic effects of adenosine and other adenosine receptor agonists such as dipyridamole and regadenoson. There have been case reports of patients receiving theophylline who required higher than normal dosages of adenosine for the treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. In studies of healthy volunteers, caffeine and theophylline have been shown to reduce the cardiovascular response to adenosine infusions (i.e., heart rate increases, vasodilation, blood pressure changes), and theophylline has also been shown to attenuate adenosine-induced respiratory effects and chest pain/discomfort. Similarly, caffeine has been found to reduce the hemodynamic response to dipyridamole, and both caffeine and theophylline have been reported to cause false-negative results in myocardial scintigraphy tests using dipyridamole. In a placebo-controlled study that assessed the effects of oral caffeine on regadenoson-induced increase in coronary flow reserve (CFR), healthy subjects who took caffeine 200 mg orally two hours prior to regadenoson administration exhibited a median CFR that was 92% that of subjects who took placebo. The study was done using positron emission tomography with radiolabeled water.

MANAGEMENT: Clinicians should be aware that adenosine and other adenosine receptor agonists may be less effective in the presence of methylxanthines. Methylxanthines including caffeine should be withheld for 12 to 24 hours (or five half-lives) prior to administration of adenosine receptor agonists for myocardial perfusion imaging. However, parenteral aminophylline should be readily available for treating severe or persistent adverse reactions to adenosine receptor agonists such as bronchospasm or chest pain.

References

  1. Conti CR (1991) "Adenosine: clinical pharmacology and applications." Clin Cardiol, 14, p. 91-3
  2. Smits P, Aengevaeren WR, Corstens FH, Thien T (1989) "Caffeine reduces dipyridamole-induced myocardial ischemia." J Nucl Med, 30, p. 1723-6
  3. Smits P, Schouten J, Thien T (1987) "Respiratory stimulant effects of adenosine in man after caffeine and enprofylline." Br J Clin Pharmacol, 24, p. 816-9
  4. Minton NA, Henry JA (1991) "Pharmacodynamic interactions between infused adenosine and oral theophylline." Hum Exp Toxicol, 10, p. 411-8
  5. (2002) "Product Information. Persantine (dipyridamole)." Boehringer-Ingelheim
  6. (2001) "Product Information. Adenocard (adenosine)." Fujisawa
  7. Ranhosky A, Kempthorne-Rawson J, the Intravenous Dipyridamole Thallium Imaging Study Group (1990) "The safety of intravenous dipyridamole thallium myocardial perfusion imaging." Circulation, 81, p. 1205-9
  8. (2001) "Product Information. Adenoscan (adenosine)." Fujisawa
  9. (2008) "Product Information. Lexiscan (regadenoson)." Astellas Pharma US, Inc
View all 9 references

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Minor

aspirin food

Applies to: Aggrenox (aspirin / dipyridamole)

One study has reported that coadministration of caffeine and aspirin lead to a 25% increase in the rate of appearance and 17% increase in maximum concentration of salicylate in the plasma. A significantly higher area under the plasma concentration time curve of salicylate was also reported when both drugs were administered together. The exact mechanism of this interaction has not been specified. Physicians and patients should be aware that coadministration of aspirin and caffeine may lead to higher salicylate levels faster.

References

  1. Yoovathaworn KC, Sriwatanakul K, Thithapandha A (1986) "Influence of caffeine on aspirin pharmacokinetics." Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet, 11, p. 71-6

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Therapeutic duplication warnings

No warnings were found for your selected drugs.

Therapeutic duplication warnings are only returned when drugs within the same group exceed the recommended therapeutic duplication maximum.


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Drug Interaction Classification

These classifications are only a guideline. The relevance of a particular drug interaction to a specific individual is difficult to determine. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting or stopping any medication.
Major Highly clinically significant. Avoid combinations; the risk of the interaction outweighs the benefit.
Moderate Moderately clinically significant. Usually avoid combinations; use it only under special circumstances.
Minor Minimally clinically significant. Minimize risk; assess risk and consider an alternative drug, take steps to circumvent the interaction risk and/or institute a monitoring plan.
Unknown No interaction information available.

Further information

Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.