Fascioliasis is a disease caused by a parasitic liver flukes or flatworms called Fasciola hepatica or Fasciola gigantica. Humans become infected by drinking water or eating plants growing in water that has Fasciola present. Once in the digestive tract the fluke migrates from the duodenum to the liver and biliary tracts, where it develops into an adult over 3 or 4 months.
Fascioliasis has four distinct disease stages which follows the infection progress. There is the incubation phase, invasive or acute phase, latent phase and chronic state.
Incubation Phase
This when you have become infected, but still do not have any symptoms and can last from a few days to 3 months.
Invasive or Acute Phase
Once symptoms start you are in the invasive or acute phase of the disease. This is when the fluke are migrating up the bile ducts which causes toxic local or systemic effects and allergic reactions.
The first symptom is often a fever, followed by abdominal pain, gastrointestinal issues, itchiness. Sometimes there is more severe symptoms including enlarged liver, enlarged spleen, fluid build up in the abdomen, low red blood cells and high bilirubin levels.
Latent phase
In this phase there is no symptoms and can last for months or years.
Chronic or Obstructive Phase
This last stage occurs months or years after the original infection. It is caused by inflamed, scarred bile ducts being physically blocked by the adult fluke which causes symptoms that mimic other gallbladder problems, such as sudden gallbladder pain, pain in the upper-middle abdomen, fatty food intolerances, nausea, jaundice and itching. If the liver becomes enlarged there may also ascites and spleen enlargement.
Drugs used to treat Fascioliasis
The medications listed below are related to or used in the treatment of this condition.
For ratings, users were asked how effective they found the medicine while considering positive/adverse effects and ease of use (1 = not effective, 10 = most effective).
Activity
Activity is based on recent site visitor activity relative to other medications in the list.
Rx
Prescription only.
OTC
Over-the-counter.
Rx/OTC
Prescription or Over-the-counter.
Off-label
This medication may not be approved by the FDA for the treatment of this condition.
EUA
An Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) allows the FDA to authorize unapproved medical products or unapproved uses of approved medical products to be used in a declared public health emergency when there are no adequate, approved, and available alternatives.
Expanded Access
Expanded Access is a potential pathway for a patient with a serious or immediately life-threatening disease or condition to gain access to an investigational medical product (drug, biologic, or medical device) for treatment outside of clinical trials when no comparable or satisfactory alternative therapy options are available.
Pregnancy Category
A
Adequate and well-controlled studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy (and there is no evidence of risk in later trimesters).
B
Animal reproduction studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.
C
Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use in pregnant women despite potential risks.
D
There is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience or studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use in pregnant women despite potential risks.
X
Studies in animals or humans have demonstrated fetal abnormalities and/or there is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience, and the risks involved in use in pregnant women clearly outweigh potential benefits.
N
FDA has not classified the drug.
Controlled Substances Act (CSA) Schedule
M
The drug has multiple schedules. The schedule may depend on the exact dosage form or strength of the medication.
U
CSA Schedule is unknown.
N
Is not subject to the Controlled Substances Act.
1
Has a high potential for abuse. Has no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. There is a lack of accepted safety for use under medical supervision.
2
Has a high potential for abuse. Has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States or a currently accepted medical use with severe restrictions. Abuse may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence.
3
Has a potential for abuse less than those in schedules 1 and 2. Has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. Abuse may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence.
4
Has a low potential for abuse relative to those in schedule 3. It has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. Abuse may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to those in schedule 3.
5
Has a low potential for abuse relative to those in schedule 4. Has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. Abuse may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to those in schedule 4.
Alcohol
X
Interacts with Alcohol.
Further information
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