Vanguard DA2P (Canada)

Manufacturer: Pfizer

Canine Distemper-adenovirus Type 2-parainfluenza Vaccine

Modified Live Virus

For use in dogs only

Product Description

Vanguard DA₂P is for vaccination of healthy dogs as an aid in preventing canine distemper caused by canine distemper (CD) virus, infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) caused by canine adenovirus type-1 (CAV-1), respiratory disease caused by canine adenovirus type-2 (CAV-2), and canine parainfluenza caused by canine parainfluenza (CPI) virus. Vanguard DA₂P contains attenuated strains of CD virus, CAV-2, and CPI virus propagated in an established canine cell line and freeze-dried to preserve stability.

Disease Description

CD is a universal, high-mortality viral disease with variable manifestations. Approximately 50% of nonvaccinated, nonimmune dogs infected with CD virus develop clinical signs, and approximately 90% of those dogs die.¹ The disease is considered airborne and is highly contagious. It more frequently and acutely affects puppies under 3 months of age. Early clinical signs of CD include anorexia, diarrhea, and dehydration. As the disease progresses, fever, depression, vomiting, and bloody diarrhea may be observed and accompanied by signs of respiratory distress. Coughing, labored breathing, inflammation of tissues around the eyes and nose, and mucopurulent oculonasal discharge may occur. Neurological complications manifested by muscle tremors, incoordination, convulsive seizures and paralysis of the rear quarters are typical signs of the terminal stage of CD.

ICH, caused by CAV-1, is transmitted principally in urine, and can affect dogs of all ages. ICH is characterized by fever, leukopenia, enlarged tonsils, hepatitis, nephritis, and occasionally, uveitis with corneal opacity (“blue eye”). Additional clinical signs of ICH are similar to those of CD: depression, anorexia, vomiting, and oculonasal inflammation and discharge. While oral lesions may accompany ICH and help distinguish the disease from CD, dual ICH-CD infections also may occur. Clinical signs of this syndrome may be particularly severe.

CAV-2 infections are primarily respiratory, evidenced by pneumonia, bronchitis, tonsillitis and pharyngitis. Depression, anorexia, fever, labored breathing, and coughing may be associated with these conditions. Infection with CAV-2 may predispose the respiratory tract to secondary bacterial infections. CAV-2 has not been associated with corneal opacity, uveitis or virus localization in the kidneys, which may accompany CAV-1 infections.²

CPI is a highly contagious respiratory virus which contributes to upper respiratory disease and infectious tracheobronchitis. A characteristic clinical sign of CPI infection is coughing that may be intensified by activity or excitement. Environmental factors such as drafts, cold, and high humidity may enhance susceptibility to the disease. Typically, CPI is self-limiting, with a course of 5-10 days duration. However, secondary bacterial infections of the respiratory tract are not uncommon, and may complicate the clinical syndrome.

Safety And Efficacy

Safety of Vanguard DA₂P was confirmed in laboratory and field tests.³ In field tests using more than 15,000 doses of vaccine, no significant postvaccination reactions attributable to the vaccine were reported. These findings are particularly important since adverse side effects sometimes follow vaccination with modified live ICH vaccine. After vaccination with ICH vaccine, persistent kidney infections may occur, causing virus shedding in urine. Uveitis and corneal opacity also are occasionally observed 1-2 weeks after vaccination.² Vaccination with the CAV-2 fraction in Vanguard DA₂P, however, produced no such lesions. Challenge virus was not recovered from vaccinated dogs, and was not isolated from tissues taken at necropsy. Ocular lesions were not observed in any of 172 dogs inoculated intravenously with multiple doses of CAV-2 vaccine virus, while intravenous inoculation of 32 dogs with ICH vaccine produced ocular lesions in 22%. Additionally, the strain of CAV-2 in this product has been shown free of oncogenic properties characteristic of canine adenovirus.

Efficacy of Vanguard DA₂P was demonstrated in challenge-of-immunity studies.³ Dogs vaccinated with the CAV-2 vaccine were completely protected against challenge with virulent ICH virus that produced clinical disease in 100% of nonvaccinated control dogs. Vaccinates were also protected against challenge with virulent CAV-2 that caused severe respiratory syndromes in susceptible controls. After challenge with virulent CD virus, 95% of dogs vaccinated with the CD vaccine remained healthy. In contrast, all nonvaccinated control dogs developed clinical signs of CD, and 80% died. After challenge with virulent CPI virus, no clinical signs of disease were observed among dogs vaccinated with CPI vaccine, while all nonvaccinated controls revealed clinical signs and severe lung lesions typical of CPI.

Directions

1. General Directions: Vaccination of healthy dogs is recommended. Aseptically rehydrate the freeze-dried vaccine with the sterile diluent provided, shake well, and administer 1 mL subcutaneously or intramuscularly.

2. Primary Vaccination: Healthy dogs should receive 2 doses administered, 3-4 weeks apart. If dogs are vaccinated before the age of 4 months, they should be revaccinated upon reaching the age of 4 months of age. (Maternal antibodies may interfere with development of an adequate immune response in puppies less than 4 months old.)

3. Revaccination: Annual revaccination with a single dose is recommended.

Precautions

1. Store at 2°-7°C. Prolonged exposure to higher temperatures and/or direct sunlight may adversely affect potency. Do not freeze.

2. Use entire contents when first opened.

3. Sterilized syringes and needles should be used to administer this vaccine. Do not sterilize with chemicals because traces of disinfectant may inactivate the vaccine.

4. Burn container and all unused contents.

5. Contains gentamicin as preservative.

6. Vaccination of pregnant bitches should be avoided.

7. As with many vaccines, anaphylaxis may occur after use. Initial antidote of epinephrine is recommended and should be followed with appropriate supportive therapy.

8. This product has been shown to be efficacious in healthy animals. A protective immune response may not be elicited if animals are incubating an infectious disease, are malnourished or parasitized, are stressed due to shipment or environmental conditions, are otherwise immunocompromised, or the vaccine is not administered in accordance with label directions.

References

1. Swango LJ: Frequently asked questions about CPV disease. Norden News 58:4-10, 1983.

2. Appel M, Bistner SI, Menegus M: Pathogenicity of low-virulence strains of two canine adenovirus types. Am J Vet Res 34:543-549, 1973.

3. Bass EP, Gill MA, Beckenhauer WH: Evaluation of a canine adenovirus type 2 strain as a replacement for infectious canine hepatitis vaccine. JAVMA 177:234-242, 1980.

Technical inquiries should be directed to Pfizer Animal Health Technical Services, (800) 366-5288 (USA), (800) 461-0917 (Canada).

For veterinary use only

U.S. Patent No. 3,616,203

Canadian Patent 1969 No. 829,277

U.S. Veterinary License No. 189

Pfizer Animal Health, Exton, PA 19341, USA, Div. of Pfizer Inc, NY, NY 10017

75-4945-23

^® Registered trademark of Pfizer Products Inc; Pfizer Canada Inc., licensee

Presentation

25 x 1 dose vials.

Nac No.

11981142