Zoladex Side Effects

Please note - some side effects for Zoladex may not be reported. Always consult your doctor or healthcare specialist for medical advice. You may also report side effects to the FDA at http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/ or 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088).

Side Effects of Zoladex - for the Consumer

Zoladex

All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome when using Zoladex:

Acne; constipation; decreased sex drive; diarrhea; dizziness; erectile dysfunction (impotence); headache; hot flashes; loss of appetite; nausea; pain; sweating; tiredness or weakness; trouble sleeping; vomiting.

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); back pain; bloody vomit; bone pain; breast pain or tenderness; chest pain; dark urine; fever or chills; irregular heartbeat; mood or mental changes; swelling of the arms or legs; stomach pain; trouble urinating or inability to urinate; unusual bruising or bleeding; unusual tiredness or weakness; unusual weight gain.

Zoladex Side Effects - for the Professional

Zoladex

General:

Rarely, hypersensitivity reactions (including urticaria and anaphylaxis) have been reported in patients receiving Zoladex.

Changes in blood pressure, manifest as hypotension or hypertension, have been occasionally observed in patients administered Zoladex. The changes are usually transient, resolving either during continued therapy or after cessation of therapy with Zoladex. Rarely, such changes have been sufficient to require medical intervention including withdrawal of treatment from Zoladex.

Males - Prostatic Carcinoma:

Zoladex has been found to be generally well tolerated in clinical trials. Adverse reactions reported in these trials were rarely severe enough to result in the patients' withdrawal from Zoladex treatment. As seen with other hormonal therapies, the most commonly observed adverse events during Zoladex therapy were due to the expected physiological effects from decreased testosterone levels. These included hot flashes, sexual dysfunction and decreased erections.

Initially, Zoladex, like other LHRH agonists, causes transient increases in serum levels of testosterone. A small percentage of patients experienced a temporary worsening of signs and symptoms, usually manifested by an increase in cancer-related pain which was managed symptomatically. Isolated cases of exacerbation of disease symptoms, either ureteral obstruction or spinal cord compression, occurred at similar rates in controlled clinical trials with both Zoladex and orchiectomy. The relationship of these events to therapy is uncertain.

There have been post-marketing reports of osteoporosis, decreased bone mineral density and bony fracture in men treated with Zoladex for prostate cancer.

In the controlled clinical trials of Zoladex versus orchiectomy, the following events were reported as adverse reactions in greater than 5% of the patients.

The following additional adverse reactions were reported in greater than 1% but less than 5% of the patients treated with Zoladex: CARDIOVASCULAR - arrhythmia, cerebrovascular accident, hypertension, myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disorder, chest pain; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - anxiety, depression, headache; GASTROINTESTINAL - constipation, diarrhea, ulcer, vomiting; HEMATOLOGIC - anemia; METABOLIC/NUTRITIONAL - gout, hyperglycemia, weight increase; MISCELLANEOUS - chills, fever; UROGENITAL - renal insufficiency, urinary obstruction, urinary tract infection, breast swelling and tenderness.

Stage B2-C Prostatic Carcinoma:

Treatment with Zoladex and flutamide did not add substantially to the toxicity of radiation treatment alone. The following adverse experiences were reported during a multicenter clinical trial comparing Zoladex + flutamide + radiation versus radiation alone. The most frequently reported (greater than 5%) adverse experiences are listed below:

Additional adverse event data was collected for the combination therapy with radiation group over both the hormonal treatment and hormonal treatment plus radiation phases of the study. Adverse experiences occurring in more than 5% of patients in this group, over both parts of the study, were hot flashes (46%), diarrhea (40%), nausea (9%), and skin rash (8%).

Females:

As would be expected with a drug that results in hypoestrogenism, the most frequently reported adverse reactions were those related to this effect.

As with other LHRH agonists, there have been reports of ovarian cyst formation and, when Zoladex 3.6 mg is used in combination with gonadotropins, of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS).

Endometriosis:

In controlled clinical trials comparing Zoladex every 28 days and danazol daily for the treatment of endometriosis, the following events were reported at a frequency of 5% or greater:

The following adverse events not already listed above were reported at a frequency of 1% or greater, regardless of causality, in Zoladex-treated women from all clinical trials: WHOLE BODY - allergic reaction, chest pain, fever, malaise; CARDIOVASCULAR - hemorrhage, hypertension, migraine, palpitations, tachycardia; DIGESTIVE - anorexia, constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth, dyspepsia, flatulence; HEMATOLOGIC - ecchymosis; METABOLIC AND NUTRITIONAL - edema; MUSCULOSKELETAL - arthralgia, joint disorder; CNS - anxiety, paresthesia, somnolence, thinking abnormal; RESPIRATORY - bronchitis, cough increased, epistaxis, rhinitis, sinusitis; SKIN - alopecia, dry skin, rash, skin discoloration; SPECIAL SENSES - amblyopia, dry eyes; UROGENITAL - dysmenorrhea, urinary frequency, urinary tract infection, vaginal hemorrhage.

Hormone Replacement Therapy:

Clinical studies suggest the addition of Hormone Replacement Therapy (estrogens and/or progestins) to Zoladex may decrease the occurrence of vasomotor symptoms and vaginal dryness associated with hypoestrogenism without compromising the efficacy of Zoladex in relieving pelvic symptoms. The optimal drugs, dose and duration of treatment has not been established.

Changes in Bone Mineral Density:

After 6 months of Zoladex treatment, 109 female patients treated with Zoladex showed an average 4.3% decrease of vertebral trabecular bone mineral density (BMD) as compared to pretreatment values. BMD was measured by dual-photon absorptiometry or dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Sixty-six of these patients were assessed for BMD loss 6 months after the completion (posttherapy) of the 6-month therapy period. Data from these patients showed an average 2.4% BMD loss compared to pretreatment values. Twenty-eight of the 109 patients were assessed for BMD at 12 months posttherapy. Data from these patients showed an average decrease of 2.5% in BMD compared to pretreatment values. These data suggest a possibility of partial reversibility. Clinical studies suggest the addition of Hormone Replacement Therapy (estrogens and/or progestins) to Zoladex is effective in reducing the bone mineral loss which occurs with Zoladex alone without compromising the efficacy of Zoladex in relieving the symptoms of endometriosis. The optimal drugs, dose and duration of treatment has not been established.

Changes in Laboratory Values During Treatment:

Elevation of liver enzymes (AST, ALT) have been reported in female patients exposed to Zoladex (representing less than 1% of all patients).

In a controlled trial, Zoladex therapy resulted in a minor, but statistically significant effect on serum lipids. In patients treated for endometriosis at 6 months following initiation of therapy, danazol treatment resulted in a mean increase in LDL cholesterol of 33.3 mg/dL and a decrease in HDL cholesterol of 21.3 mg/dL compared to increases of 21.3 and 2.7 mg/dL in LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol, respectively, for Zoladex-treated patients. Triglycerides increased by 8.0 mg/dL in Zoladex-treated patients compared to a decrease of 8.9 mg/dL in danazol-treated patients.

In patients treated for endometriosis, Zoladex increased total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol during 6 months of treatment. However, Zoladex therapy resulted in HDL cholesterol levels which were significantly higher relative to danazol therapy. At the end of 6 months of treatment, HDL cholesterol fractions (HDL2 and HDL3) were decreased by 13.5 and 7.7 mg/dL, respectively, for danazol-treated patients compared to treatment increases of 1.9 and 0.8 mg/dL, respectively, for Zoladex treated patients.

Breast Cancer:

The adverse event profile for women with advanced breast cancer treated with Zoladex is consistent with the profile described above for women treated with Zoladex for endometriosis. In a controlled clinical trial (SWOG-8692) comparing Zoladex with oophorectomy in premenopausal and perimenopausal women with advanced breast cancer, the following events were reported at a frequency of 5% or greater in either treatment group regardless of causality.

In the Phase II clinical trial program in 333 pre- and perimenopausal women with advanced breast cancer, hot flashes were reported in 75.9% of patients and decreased libido was noted in 47.7% of patients. These two adverse events reflect the pharmacological actions of Zoladex.

Injection site reactions were reported in less than 1% of patients.

Endometrial Thinning:

The following adverse events were reported at a frequency of 5% or greater in premenopausal women presenting with dysfunctional uterine bleeding in Trial 0022 for endometrial thinning. These results indicate that headache, hot flushes and sweating were more common in the Zoladex group than in the placebo group.

Post-Marketing:

Pituitary Apoplexy: During post-marketing surveillance, rare cases of pituitary apoplexy (a clinical syndrome secondary to infarction of the pituitary gland) have been reported after the administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists. In a majority of these cases, a pituitary adenoma was diagnosed. Most of the pituitary apoplexy cases occurred within 2 weeks of the first dose, and some occurred within the first hour. In these cases, pituitary apoplexy has presented as sudden headache, vomiting, visual changes, ophthalmoplegia, altered mental status, and sometimes cardiovascular collapse. Immediate medical attention has been required.

Side Effects by Body System

General

Some clinicians have used the addition of the oral progestational agent megestrol acetate to reduce the hot flashes. A dose of megestrol acetate 20 mg two times a day may be appropriate. Tumor flare may also occur in males if antiandrogens are not administered.

In general, hot flashes (in males (M) 54% to 80% and in females (F) 70% to 96%) have been the most frequently reported side effect. Headache (F 59% to 75% and M 14%), tumor flare (F 23%), flu syndrome, malaise, fatigue and lethargy (all F 5%) have been reported. Pain (F 17% and M 8% to 14%) has been reported including; breast pain (F 7%), abdominal pain (F 7%), back pain (F 7%) and pelvic bone pain (M 6%).

Genitourinary

During the first two months of therapy, some women have reported vaginal bleeding. This bleeding may have been due to estrogen withdrawal.

Genitourinary side effects in female patients have included vaginitis (75%), libido decrease (61%) or increase (12%), vaginal dryness (58%), breast atrophy (33%) or enlargement (18%), pelvic symptoms (18%) and dyspareunia (14%). In male patients, sexual dysfunction (21%), decreased erections (18%), lower urinary tract symptoms (13%) and gynecomastia (8%) have been reported. Renal insufficiency, urinary obstruction, urinary tract infection, bladder neoplasm, hematuria, impotence, urinary frequency, urinary incontinence, urinary tract disorder and impaired urination have also been reported to occur in 1% to 5% of patients. Breast tenderness, breast pain, ovarian cyst formation, and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, and prolonged hypogonadism have also been reported.

Psychiatric

Psychiatric side effects including emotional lability (F 47% to 60%) and depression (F 40% to 54%) have been reported. Anxiety and abnormal thinking have also been reported.

Dermatologic

Dermatologic side effects including sweating (F 45% to 77% and M 6% to 10%), acne (F 42%), seborrhea (F 26%), hirsutism (F 7%), rash (M 6% to 14 %), hair disorders (F 4%) and pruritus (F 2%) have been reported. Alopecia, dry skin, skin discoloration and herpes simplex have also been reported.

Cardiovascular

Cardiovascular side effects including edema (F 21% and M 7% to 26%), chest pain (M 13%) and congestive heart failure (M 5%) have been reported. Cerebrovascular accident, arrhythmia, hypertension, myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disorder, angina pectoris, cerebral ischemia, heart failure, pulmonary embolus and varicose veins have been reported to occur in 1% to 5% of patients. Hemorrhage, migraine, palpitations and tachycardia have also been reported.

Nervous system

Nervous system side effects including lethargy (M 8% to 26%), dizziness (F 6% and M 1% to 18%), paresthesia (M 12%), asthenia (F 11%), insomnia (F 5% to 11% and M 12%) and nervousness (F 3%) have been reported. Anxiety and urinary retention have been reported to occur in 1% to 5% of patients. Somnolence has also been reported. As a result of increased prostate tumor growth caused by initial testosterone level elevation, a case of spinal cord compression resulting in paraplegia has been reported.

Gastrointestinal

Gastrointestinal side effects including constipation (M 12%), nausea (F 8% to 11% and M 5%), anorexia (M 5%), vomiting (F 4%) and increased appetite (2%) have been reported. Diarrhea and hematemesis have been reported to occur in 1% to 5% of patients. Ulcer, dyspepsia, dry mouth and flatulence have also been reported.

Respiratory

Respiratory side effects including pharyngitis (F 5%) and voice alterations (F 3%) have been reported.

Hypersensitivity

Hypersensitivity reactions, both at the injection site (F 6%) and to the whole body have been reported.

Musculoskeletal

Data suggest the decrease in BMD is partially reversible upon discontinuation of therapy.

Musculoskeletal side effects including an average 4.3% decrease in vertebral trabecular bone mineral density (BMD) after six months of therapy (n=109 F patients), when compared to their pretreatment values. Myalgia (F 3%), leg cramps (F 3%) and hypertonia (F 1%) have been reported. Arthralgia and joint disorders have also been reported.

Metabolic

Metabolic side effects including gout, hyperglycemia, weight increase, and diabetes mellitus have been reported to occur in 1% to 5% of patients.

Hematologic

Hematologic side effects including ecchymosis and sepsis have been reported to occur in 1% to 5% of patients.

Ocular

Ocular side effects including amblyopia and dry eyes have been reported.

Endocrine

Pituitary apoplexy is a clinical syndrome secondary to infarction of the pituitary gland. In a majority of the cases of pituitary apoplexy, a pituitary adenoma was diagnosed. Most of the pituitary apoplexy cases occurred within two weeks of the first dose, and some occurred within the first hour. In these cases, pituitary apoplexy has presented as sudden headache, vomiting, visual changes, ophthalmoplegia, altered mental status, and sometimes cardiovascular collapse. Immediate medical attention has been required.

Endocrine side effects including very rare cases of pituitary apoplexy have been reported.

Oncologic

Oncologic studies in rats (at approximately three to nine times the human dose on a mg/m2 basis) resulted in an increased incidence of pituitary adenomas. Studies in mice (at approximately 70 times the human dose on a mg/m2 basis) resulted in an increased incidence of histiocytic sarcoma of the vertebral column and femur.

Disclaimer: Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. In addition, the drug information contained herein may be time sensitive and should not be utilized as a reference resource beyond the date hereof. This information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients, or recommend therapy. This drug information is a reference resource designed as supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill , knowledge, and judgement of healthcare practitioners in patient care. The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug of drug combination is safe, effective, or appropriate for any given patient. Drugs.com does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information provided. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist.