Dextrose and Electrolyte No 48 Prescribing Information

Hypersensitivity Reactions

Hypersensitivity and infusion reactions have been reported with 5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP). See ADVERSE REACTIONS.

Stop the infusion immediately if signs or symptoms of a hypersensitivity reaction develop, such as tachycardia, chest pain, dyspnea and flushing. Institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures as clinically indicated.

Electrolyte Imbalances

Fluid Overload

Depending on the volume and rate of infusion, the intravenous administration of 5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP) can cause electrolyte disturbances such as overhydration and congested states, including pulmonary congestion and edema.

Avoid 5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP) in patients with or at risk for fluid and/or solute overloading. If use cannot be avoided, monitor fluid balance, electrolyte concentrations, and acid base balance, as needed and especially during prolonged use.

Hyponatremia

5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP) may cause hyponatremia. 5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP) is a hypertonic solution. In the body, however, glucose containing fluids can become extremely physiologically hypotonic due to rapid glucose metabolization. Monitoring of serum sodium is particularly important for hypotonic fluids.

Hyponatremia can lead to acute hyponatremic encephalopathy characterized by headache, nausea, seizures, lethargy, and vomiting. Patients with brain edema are at particular risk of severe, irreversible and life-threatening brain injury.

The risk of hospital-acquired hyponatremia is increased in patients with cardiac or pulmonary failure, and in patients with non-osmotic vasopressin release (including SIADH) treated with high volume of physiologically hypotonic 5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP).

Avoid 5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP) in hypervolemic or overhydrated patients. If use cannot be avoided, monitor serum sodium concentrations.

Hyperglycemia and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State

Administration of solutions containing dextrose and lactate in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus may worsen hyperglycemia (see PRECAUTIONS, Pediatric Use). Administration of dextrose at a rate exceeding the patient’s utilization rate may lead to hyperglycemia, coma, and death.

Hyperglycemia is associated with an increase in serum osmolality, resulting in osmotic diuresis, dehydration and electrolyte losses.

Patients with underlying central nervous system disease and renal impairment who receive dextrose infusions, may be at greater risk of developing hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state.

Monitor blood glucose concentrations and treat hyperglycemia to maintain concentrations within normal limits while administering 5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP). Insulin may be administered or adjusted to maintain optimal blood glucose concentrations.

Hypernatremia

Hypernatremia may occur with 5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP). Conditions that may increase the risk of hypernatremia, fluid overload and edema (central and peripheral), include patients with: primary hyperaldosteronism; secondary hyperaldosteronism associated with, for example, hypertension, congestive heart failure, liver disease (including cirrhosis), renal disease (including renal artery stenosis, nephrosclerosis); and pre-eclampsia.

Certain medications, such as corticosteroids or corticotropin, may also increase risk of sodium and fluid retention, see PRECAUTIONS.

Avoid 5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP) in patients with, or at risk for, hypernatremia. If use cannot be avoided, monitor serum sodium concentrations.

Hypermagnesemia

Avoid solutions containing magnesium, including 5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP) in patients with or predisposed to hypermagnesemia, including patients with severe renal impairment and those patients receiving magnesium therapy (e.g., treatment of eclampsia and myasthenia gravis).

5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP) is not indicated for the treatment of hypomagnesemia.

Acidosis

5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP) is not for use for the treatment of lactic acidosis or severe metabolic acidosis in patients with severe liver and/or renal impairment.

Alkalosis

Excess administration of 5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP) can result in metabolic alkalosis. Avoid 5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP) in patients with alkalosis or at risk for alkalosis.

5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP) is not indicated for the treatment of hypochloremic hypokalemic alkalosis. Avoid use in patients with hypochloremic hypokalemic alkalosis.

Hypocalcemia

5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP) contains no calcium, and an increase in plasma pH due to its alkalinizing effect may lower the concentration of ionized (not-protein bound) calcium. Avoid 5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP) in patients with hypocalcemia.

Hyperkalemia

Potassium-containing solutions, including 5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP) may increase the risk of hyperkalemia.

Patient’s at increased risk of developing hyperkalemia include those:

•

With conditions predisposing to hyperkalemia and/or associated with increased sensitivity to potassium, such as patients with severe renal impairment, acute dehydration, extensive tissue injury or burns, certain cardiac disorders such as congestive heart failure.

•

Treated concurrently or recently with agents or products that cause or increase the risk of hyperkalemia (see PRECAUTIONS).

Avoid 5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP) in patients with, or at risk for hyperkalemia. If use cannot be avoided, monitor serum potassium concentrations.

Hyperphosphatemia

5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP) may increase the risk of hyperphosphatemia. Avoid use in patients with hyperphosphatemia or conditions predisposing to hyperphosphatemia, such as patients with severe renal or adrenal impairment.

Drug Interactions

Other Products that Affect Fluid and/or Electrolyte Balance

Administration of 5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP) to patients treated concomitantly with drugs associated with sodium and fluid retention may increase the risk of hypernatremia and volume overload. Avoid use of 5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP) in patients receiving such products, such as corticosteroids or corticotropin. If use cannot be avoided, monitor serum electrolytes, fluid balance and acid-base balance.

Other Drugs that Increase the Risk of Hyponatremia

Administration of 5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP) in patients treated concomitantly with medications associated with hyponatremia may increase the risk of developing hyponatremia.

Avoid use of 5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP) in patients receiving products, such as diuretics, and certain antiepileptic and psychotropic medications. Drugs that increase the vasopressin effect reduce renal electrolyte free water excretion and may also increase the risk of hyponatremia following treatment with intravenous fluids. If use cannot be avoided, monitor serum sodium concentrations.

Other Products that Increase the Risk of Hyperkalemia

Because of its potassium content, avoid use of 5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP) in patients receiving products that can cause hyperkalemia or increase the risk of hyperkalemia, such as potassium sparing diuretics, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, or the immunosuppressants tacrolimus and cyclosporine. If use cannot be avoided, monitor serum potassium concentrations.

Lithium

Renal clearance of lithium may be increased during administration of 5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP). Monitor serum lithium concentrations during concomitant use.

Drugs with pH Dependent Renal Elimination

Due to its alkalinizing effect (formation of bicarbonate), 5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP) may interfere with the elimination of drugs with pH dependent renal elimination. Renal clearance of acidic drugs may be increased. Renal clearance of alkaline drugs may be decreased.

Pregnancy

Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness of 5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP) in pediatric patients have not been established by adequate and well controlled trials.

The use of 5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP) in pediatric patients is based on clinical practice (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).

Neonates, especially premature infants with low birth weight, are at increased risk of developing hypo- or hyperglycemia and therefore need close monitoring during treatment with intravenous glucose solutions to ensure adequate glycemic control in order to avoid potential long-term adverse effects. Closely monitor plasma electrolyte concentrations in pediatric patients who may have impaired ability to regulate fluids and electrolytes. In very low birth weight infants, excessive or rapid administration of 5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP) may result in increased serum osmolality and risk of intracerebral hemorrhage.

Children (including neonates and older children) are at increased risk of developing hyponatremia as well as for developing hyponatremic encephalopathy.

Lactate-containing solutions should be administered with particular caution to neonates and infants less than 12 months of age. Administration of a lactate-containing intravenous solution to neonates and infants should take into account that the liver and kidneys are still maturing during the first year of life, which also affects the biotransformation and renal excretion of lactate.

Geriatric Use

Geriatric patients are at increased risk of developing electrolyte imbalances. 5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP) is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Therefore, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. Consider monitoring renal function in elderly patients.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

Studies with 5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP) have not been performed to evaluate carcinogenic potential, mutagenic potential, or effects on fertility.

Nursing Mothers

It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when 5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP) is administered to a nursing mother.

Post-marketing Adverse Reactions

The following adverse reactions associated with the use of 5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP) were identified in clinical trials or post marketing reports. Because post marketing reactions were reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to estimate their frequency, reliably, or to establish a causal relationship to drug exposure:

Hypersensitivity and Infusion Reactions: palpitations, feeling abnormal, piloerection, edema peripheral, hypotension, dyspnea, wheezing, urticaria, cold sweet, tachycardia, chest pain, chest discomfort, respiratory rate increased, flushing, hyperemia, asthenia, pyrexia, chills.

General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions: infusion site pain, burning sensation, febrile response, infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from site of injection, extravasation and hypervolemia.

Metabolism and nutrition disorders: hyperkalemia, hyperglycemia, hyponatremia.

Nervous System Disorders: hyponatremic encephalopathy.

If an adverse reaction does occur, discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient, institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures, and save the remainder of the fluid for examination if deemed necessary.

Overdose

Excessive administration of 5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP) can cause:

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fluid overload with a risk of edema (peripheral and/or pulmonary), particularly when renal sodium excretion is impaired.

•

hyperglycemia, hyperosmolarity, and osmotic diuresis, dehydration and electrolyte loss.

•

hypernatremia and hyperkalemia, especially in patients with severe renal impairment.

•

hypermagnesemia.

•

metabolic alkalosis with or without hypokalemia and decreased ionized serum calcium and magnesium concentrations.

•

Hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and hypomagnesemia. See WARNINGS

When assessing an overdose, any additives in the solution must also be considered.

The effects of an overdose may require immediate medical attention and treatment.

Interventions include discontinuation of 5% Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 48 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP), dose reduction, and other measures as indicated for the specific clinical constellation (e.g., monitoring of fluid balance, electrolyte concentrations and acid base balance).

To Open

Tear overwrap down side at slit and remove solution container. Visually inspect the container. If the outlet port protector is damaged, detached, or not present, discard container as solution path sterility may be impaired. Some opacity of the plastic due to moisture absorption during the sterilization process may be observed. This is normal and does not affect the solution quality or safety. The opacity will diminish gradually. Check for minute leaks by squeezing inner bag firmly. If leaks are found, discard solution as sterility may be impaired. If supplemental medication is desired, follow directions below.

Preparation for Administration

1.

Suspend container from eyelet support.

2.

Remove port protector from outlet port at bottom of container.

3.

Attach administration set. Refer to complete directions accompanying set.

To Add Medication

Warning: Additives may be incompatible.

To add medication before solution administration

1.

Prepare medication site.

2.

Using syringe with 19 to 22 gauge needle, puncture resealable medication port and inject.

3.

Mix solution and medication thoroughly. For high density medication such as potassium chloride, squeeze ports while ports are upright and mix thoroughly.

To add medication during solution administration

1.

Close clamp on the set.

2.

Prepare medication site.

3.

Using syringe with 19 to 22 gauge needle, puncture resealable medication port and inject.

4.

Remove container from IV pole and/or turn to an upright position.

5.

Evacuate both ports by squeezing them while container is in the upright position.

6.

Mix solution and medication thoroughly.

7.

Return container to in use position and continue administration.