Molybdenum
Pronunciation: mo-LIB-de-num
Class: Trace metal
Trade Names
Ammonium Molybdate
- Injection, solution molybdenum 25 mcg/mL (as ammonium molybdate 46 mcg/mL)
Pharmacology
Constituent of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, sulfite oxidase, and aldehyde oxidase.
Pharmacokinetics
Elimination
Primarily excreted by the kidneys, with some excretion also through bile.
Indications and Usage
As a supplement to TPN to help prevent depletion of endogenous stores of molybdenum and subsequent deficiency symptoms.
Contraindications
Do not give undiluted by direct injection into a peripheral vein; not to be given to copper-deficient patients without copper supplementation.
Dosage and Administration
Molybdenum Deficiency State Resulting From Prolonged TPN SupportAdults
IV 163 mcg/day of molybdenum for 21 days has reversed deficiency symptoms in an adult without toxicity.
Supplementation in Metabolically Stable Adults Receiving TPNAdults
IV 20 to 120 mcg/day of molybdenum added to the TPN.
ChildrenIV Extrapolate from the adult dosage recommendation.
Renal Function ImpairmentAdjust or omit dose as needed.
Hepatic Function ImpairmentAdjust or omit dose as needed in patients with bile duct obstruction.
General Advice
- Do not give undiluted by direct injection into a peripheral vein.
- Add to TPN solution.
Storage/Stability
Store between 68° and 77°F.
Drug Interactions
None well documented.
Adverse Reactions
Adverse reactions are unlikely to occur at the recommended dosage level.
Precautions
MonitorMonitor sulfur and purine metabolism. Frequently monitor blood copper levels because copper and molybdenum are antagonistic to each other. |
Pregnancy
Category C . Crosses the placenta.
Lactation
Detected in animal milk.
Renal Function
Primarily excreted by the kidneys; adjust or omit dose as needed.
Hepatic Function
Some excreted in the bile; adjust or omit dose as needed in patients with bile duct obstruction.
Aluminum toxicity
Parenteral products may contain aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is impaired. Premature neonates are particularly at risk.
Effects on copper
Excessive amounts of molybdenum may produce copper deficiency.
Effects on metabolism
Molybdenum metabolism is inversely related to copper, sulfate ions, tungsten, methionine, and cysteine.
Overdosage
Symptoms
Gout-like syndrome; increased levels of molybdenum, uric acid, and xanthine oxidase.
Patient Information
- Advise patient that medication will be prepared and administered by a health care provider in a hospital setting.
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