Cefditoren Pivoxil
Pronouncation: (SEFF-dih-TORE-ehn pih-VOX-ill)Class: Antibiotic, Cephalosporin
Trade Names:
Spectracef
- Tablets 200 mg
Pharmacology
Feedback for Cefditoren Pivoxil
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Inhibits mucopeptide synthesis in bacterial cell wall.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption
C max is about 1.8 mcg/mL. T max is 1 to 3 h. Cefditoren dipivoxil is about 14% bioavailable.
FoodAdministration following a high-fat meal increased AUC 70% and C max 50%.
Distribution
Vd is about 9.3 L (at steady state). About 88% protein bound, primarily to albumin.
Metabolism
Hydrolyzed to cefditoren by esterases.
Elimination
The t ½ is about 1.6 h. Eliminated by excretion into the urine. Renal Cl is about 4 to 5 L/h.
Special Populations
Renal Function ImpairmentModerate impairment (Ccr 30 to 49 mL/min/1.73 m 2 )
Unbound C max is 90% higher, AUC is 232% higher, and t ½ is 2.7 h.
Severe impairment (Ccr less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m 2 )Unbound C max is 114% higher, AUC is 324% higher, and t ½ is 4.7 h. Dosage adjustment is recommended.
ElderlyC max is increased 26% and AUC 33%, t ½ is 16% to 26% longer, and renal Cl is 20% to 24% lower. No dosage adjustment is needed.
Indications and Usage
Treatment of mild to moderate infections of acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, and uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections caused by susceptible strains of specific microorganisms.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins or milk protein; carnitine deficiency or inborn errors of metabolism that result in clinically important carnitine deficiency.
Dosage and Administration
Acute Bacterial Exacerbation of Chronic BronchitisAdults and Children (12 yr of age and older)
PO 400 mg twice daily for 10 days.
Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis and Uncomplicated Skin and Skin Structure InfectionsAdults and Children (12 yr of age and older)
PO 200 mg twice daily for 10 days.
Renal Function ImpairmentAdults and Children (12 yr of age and older) Mild renal impairment (Ccr 50 to 80 mL/min/1.73 m 2 )
PO No dosage adjustment is necessary.
Moderate renal impairment (Ccr 30 to 49 mL/min/1.73 m 2 )PO less than 200 mg twice daily.
Severe renal impairment (Ccr less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m 2 )PO 200 mg daily.
End-stage renal diseasePO Dose not determined.
General Advice
Administer each dose with food to increase absorption.
Storage/Stability
Store tablets at controlled room temperature (59° to 86°F). Protect from light and moisture.
Drug Interactions
Antacids, H 2 -receptor antagonists (eg, famotidine)May decrease cefditoren plasma levels, possibly reducing the efficacy.
ProbenecidMay increase plasma levels and the duration of activity of cefditoren.
Laboratory Test Interactions
May cause false-positive direct Coombs test; may cause false-positive urine glucose test results with Benedict or Fehling solution or Clinitest tablets but not with enzyme-based tests (eg, Clinistix , Tes-Tape ); may cause false-negative test in the ferricyanide test for blood glucose but not the glucose oxidase or hexokinase methods of determination.
Adverse Reactions
CNS
Headache; reversible hyperactivity; seizures.
Dermatologic
Stevens-Johnson syndrome; erythema multiforme; toxic epidermal necrolysis.
GI
Diarrhea; nausea; abdominal pain; dyspepsia; vomiting; pseudomembranous colitis; colitis.
Genitourinary
Vaginal moniliasis; hematuria; increased urine WBC; renal dysfunction; toxic nephropathy.
Hematologic
Decreased hematocrit; aplastic anemia; hemolytic anemia; hemorrhage; pancytopenia; neutropenia; agranulocytosis.
Hepatic
Hepatic dysfunction (eg, cholestasis).
Metabolic
Increased glucose.
Miscellaneous
Allergic reactions; anaphylaxis; drug fever; hypertonia; superinfection; serum sickness-like reaction.
Precautions
MonitorResponse to therapyMonitor patient's response to therapy. Notify health care provider if infection does not appear to improve or worsens. Side effectsMonitor patient for GI, DERM, and general body side effects, and signs of superinfection. Inform health care provider if noted and significant. Immediately report severe diarrhea, diarrhea containing blood or pus, or severe abdominal cramping. |
Pregnancy
Category B .
Lactation
Undetermined.
Children
Safety and efficacy not determined in children under 12 yr of age.
Elderly
Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, select dose with caution.
Hypersensitivity
Reactions range from mild to life-threatening. Administer drug with caution to penicillin-sensitive patients because of possible cross-reactivity.
Renal Function
Dosage adjustment is necessary.
Superinfection
Drug may cause bacterial or fungal overgrowth of nonsusceptible microorganisms.
Pseudomembranous colitis
Consider pseudomembranous colitis as a possibility in patients who develop diarrhea.
Overdosage
Symptoms
Nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, diarrhea, convulsions.
Patient Information
- Review dosing schedule and prescribed length of therapy with patient.
- Instruct patient to take each dose with food to enhance absorption.
- Instruct patient not to take antacids or other acid-suppressive therapy (eg, H 2 -receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors) concomitantly with this medication.
- Remind patient, family, or caregiver to complete entire course of therapy, even if symptoms of infection have disappeared.
- Advise patient, family, or caregiver to discontinue therapy and contact the health care provider immediately if skin rash, hives, itching, or shortness of breath occurs.
- Advise patient, family, or caregiver to report the following signs of superinfection to health care provider: black “furry” tongue, white patches in mouth, foul-smelling stools, vaginal itching or discharge.
- Warn patient, family, or caregiver that diarrhea containing blood or pus may be a sign of a serious disorder and to seek medical care if noted and not to treat at home.
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Skin Infection, Bronchitis, Pneumonia, Tonsillitis/Pharyngitis, Skin and Deeper Structure Infection
